{"id":12152,"date":"2017-06-21T22:56:36","date_gmt":"2017-06-22T06:56:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=12152"},"modified":"2020-12-14T23:34:12","modified_gmt":"2020-12-15T07:34:12","slug":"formal-verification-erik-seligman-tom-schubert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2017\/06\/21\/formal-verification-erik-seligman-tom-schubert\/","title":{"rendered":"Formal Verification – Erik Seligman, Tom Schubert"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u9019\u7bc7\u4e0d\u662f\u66f8\u8a55\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u81ea\u5b78\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u66f8\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u6d89\u53ca\u975e\u5e38\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8a2d\u8a08\u6676\u7247\u624d\u6703\u7528\u5f97\u4e0a\u7684\u6280\u8853\u8ab2\u672c\u3002\u975e\u884c\u5167\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u770b\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u9019\u7bc7\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u5b78\u7fd2formal verification(\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u9a57\u8b49)\u7684\u5fc3\u5f97\u548c\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4ea6\u4e0d\u671f\u671b\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8b80\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fFormal Verification\uff1f\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8b1b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fdynamic verification\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u6676\u7247\u4e0d\u540c\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6709bug\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u9664\u932f\u51fapatch\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5927\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u6676\u7247\u6709bug\u5c31\u5f88\u5927\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u66f4\u6b63\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u91cd\u65b0tape-out\u591a\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u65b0\u7684mask\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u88fd\u9020\u6676\u7247\u597d\u5370\u9ed1\u81a0\u789f\uff0c\u5148\u8981\u6574\u6709\u4e00\u5f35\u6bcd\u789f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8986\u5370\uff0cmask\u5c31\u662fsilicon\u7684\u6bcd\u789f\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u6e2c\u5f0f\u6676\u7247\u8a2d\u4ef6\u4e3b\u529b\u7528simulation\uff08\u5373dynamic verification)\uff0c\u8981\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u529b\u7269\u529b\u5beb\u500btestbench\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6a21\u7591\u6676\u7247\u6240\u6709\u7684input\u540coutput\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u5de5\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500bbug\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d70\u6f0f\u3002\u6676\u7247\u51fa\u4e86\u8857\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cfix\u4e00\u500bbug\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u5e7e\u767e\u842c\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5bebtestbench\u540c\u5beb\u666e\u901asoftware\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u5927\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u6e2c\u8a66\u786c\u4ef6\u6bd4\u6e2c\u8a66\u8edf\u4ef6\u56b4\u683c\u5f88\u591a\u3002Formal Verification\u5247\u662f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u6e2c\u8a66\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u5bebcode\uff0c\u5bebformal specification\uff0c\u518d\u7528\u6578\u5b78\u908f\u8f2f\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53bb\u8b49\u660e\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u8a2d\u4ef6\u5fc5\u5b9a\u7b49\u65bc\u90a3\u500bspecification\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002Formal Verification\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fasimulation\u627e\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86\u7684bug\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42simulation\u4e26\u4e0d\u662fexhaustive\uff0c\u4e0d\u904eformal\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5927\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u6df1\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42formal proof\u4fc2\u4e00\u500bNP-complete problem\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591a\u5e74\u4f86formal\u4e00\u76f4\u53ea\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5546\u696d\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u4e94\u516d\u5e74\u524d\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684formal tool\u975e\u5e38\u96e3\u7528\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u6232\u8aaa\u8981\u535a\u58eb\u624d\u61c2\u7528\uff0c\u5f88\u591adesigner\u807d\u898b\u4fbf\u656c\u800c\u9060\u4e4b\u3002\u76f4\u81f3JasperGold\u7684\u63a8\u51fa\uff0cformal\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u666e\u53ca\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5e74\u4f86JasperGold\u624b\u57f7\u725b\u8033\uff0c\u4e00\u679d\u7368\u79c0\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u7b49\u540c\u65bcformal\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3002\u65e9\u5169\u5e74\u6211\u4e5f\u5617\u8a66\u904e\u5b78formal\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u7576\u5e74JasperGold\u7684license\u592a\u8cb4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7d30\u516c\u53f8\u8cb7\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u5dee\u5f88\u96e3\u7528\u7684IFV\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5b78\u5e2b\u672a\u6210\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u53bb\u5e74\u6211\u516c\u53f8\u88ab\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u6536\u8cfc\u4e86\uff0ceconomy of scale\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6709\u591a\u597d\u591atools\u7528\uff0c\u4eca\u500bproject\u7d42\u65bc\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u7528\u5230JasperGold\uff0c\u540cIFV\u76f8\u6bd4\u7c21\u76f4\u662f\u5929\u5802\u548c\u5730\u7344\uff0c\u300c\u5de5\u6b32\u5584\u5176\u5584\uff0c\u5fc5\u5148\u5229\u5176\u5668\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6formal\u4e00\u9ede\u4e5f\u4e0d\u96e3\uff0c\u6211\u82b1\u4e86\u5169\u661f\u671f\u4fbf\u6eff\u5e2b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b78\u61c2\u7c21\u55ae\u7684formal specify\uff0c\u53bbproof\u6211\u500bdesign\u4e0d\u6703\u6709dead lock\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7528simulation\u4f5c\u540c\u6a23\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u592a\u591acorner cases\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u5dee\u4e8b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u7528formal\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u5e7e\u884ccode\u5beb\u5b8c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u597d\u73a9\u7684\u73a9\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u6709follow\u958bformal\u7684paper\u548ctutorial\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u6230\u7d93\u9a57\u4f46formal\u7406\u8ad6\u5927\u81f3\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u7528\u65b0tool\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5b78syntax\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u4e0a\u624b\u3002\u6211\u516c\u53f8\u7684formal expert\u4ecb\u7d39\u6211\u770b\u9019\u672c\u300aFormal Verification\u300b\u8ab2\u672c\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u4e09\u4f4dIntel\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u7de8\u5beb\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u6dfa\u5165\u6df1\u8b1b\u89e3\u5f88\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u5982\u4f55\u61c9\u7528formal verification\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684hard-core\u6280\u8853\u542b\u91cf\u4e0d\u591a\uff08\u6280\u8853\u6771\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df2\u770bdocument)\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u904e\u4f86\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u5fc3\u5f97\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e5d\u6210\u662f\u8001\u751f\u5e38\u8ac7\uff0c\u5e73\u6642\u7747tutorial\u7747paper\u90fd\u5b78\u904e\u807d\u904e\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9918\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u6210\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u8305\u585e\u9813\u958b\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u770b\u5df2paper\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u4eba\u5bb6\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7d93\u4ed6\u4e00\u89e3\u91cb\u5b8c\u5168\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u4e00\u7406\u901a\uff0c\u767e\u7406\u660e\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u6211formal\u7684\u555f\u8499\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u521d\u5b78formal\u8005\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8981\u770b\u3002\u5e02\u9762\u4e0aformal\u7684textbook\u4e00\u96bb\u624b\u6578\u5f97\u5b8c\uff0c\u56e0\u70baformal\u662f\u592a\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u8b4e\u60f3\u60f3\u5b78\u5c31\u8981\u4ea4\u5f88\u8cb4\u5b78\u8cbb\u8acbconsultant\u53bb\u6559\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6bd4consultant\u6559\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5be6\u6230\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f3cconsultant\u822c\u5927\u591a\u7d19\u4e0a\u8ac7\u5175\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u66f8\u4e2d\u6709\u7528\u7684formal\u300c\u5fc3\u6cd5\u300d\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. cover\u548cassert\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u584a\u93e1\u5b50\u7684\u5169\u9762\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u500bproperty\uff0ccover\u5c31\u662fnot\u5de6\u500bproperty\u7684assert\u7684counter example\u3002assert\u5c31\u4fc2not\u5de6\u500bcover\u65e2unreachable proof<\/li>\n
  2. Formal engine\u4fc2\u4e00\u500bbreath-first\u5481\u53bb\u884c\u6240\u6709\u7684state space\u3002assume\u540cassert\u5c31\u4fc2cut\u7d30\u500bstate space\uff0ccut\u8d70\u5de6illegal state\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u884c\u5230\u53bbspecification\u679c\u500bstate\uff0c\u54aa\u5c31proof\u5ea6\u56c9\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u4e00\u958b\u6ce2\u4e0d\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u5bebfull proof\uff0c\u5148\u7531cover\u958b\u59cb\u73a9\u3002\u5514\u7528assume\uff0c\u5269\u4fc2\u5beb\u4f60\u60f3\u7747\u4e5coutput\uff0c\u7747\u4e0bformal engine\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5back trace\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684input\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u6162\u6162fine-tune\u90a3\u4e9bassume<\/li>\n
  4. \u7528cover\u6574\u597d\u6652assume\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53bbbug hunting\uff0c\u5c08\u5fc3\u6435assert\u7684counter example\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u624d\u6574full proof\u3002\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u5169\u500bsteps\u7684assume<\/li>\n
  5. \u5514\u597dload\u592a\u591acode\uff0c\u592a\u591aassert\u540ccover\uff0c\u8981divide and conquer\u3002\u6709\u4e9btricks\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff0c\u5982cutpoint\uff0cabstraction\uff0cfree variable\u7b49\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u9019\u7bc7\u4e0d\u662f\u66f8\u8a55\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u81ea\u5b78\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u66f8\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u6d89\u53ca\u975e\u5e38\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8a2d\u8a08\u6676\u7247\u624d\u6703\u7528\u5f97\u4e0a\u7684\u6280\u8853\u8ab2\u672c\u3002\u975e\u884c\u5167\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u770b\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u9019\u7bc7\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u5b78\u7fd2formal verification(\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u9a57\u8b49)\u7684\u5fc3\u5f97\u548c\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4ea6\u4e0d\u671f\u671b\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8b80\u8005\u3002 \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fFormal Verification\uff1f\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8b1b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fdynamic verification\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u6676\u7247\u4e0d\u540c\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6709bug\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u9664\u932f\u51fapatch\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5927\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\u6676\u7247\u6709bug\u5c31\u5f88\u5927\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u66f4\u6b63\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u91cd\u65b0tape-out\u591a\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u65b0\u7684mask\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u88fd\u9020\u6676\u7247\u597d\u5370\u9ed1\u81a0\u789f\uff0c\u5148\u8981\u6574\u6709\u4e00\u5f35\u6bcd\u789f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8986\u5370\uff0cmask\u5c31\u662fsilicon\u7684\u6bcd\u789f\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u6e2c\u5f0f\u6676\u7247\u8a2d\u4ef6\u4e3b\u529b\u7528simulation\uff08\u5373dynamic verification)\uff0c\u8981\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u529b\u7269\u529b\u5beb\u500btestbench\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6a21\u7591\u6676\u7247\u6240\u6709\u7684input\u540coutput\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u5de5\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500bbug\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d70\u6f0f\u3002\u6676\u7247\u51fa\u4e86\u8857\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cfix\u4e00\u500bbug\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u5e7e\u767e\u842c\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5bebtestbench\u540c\u5beb\u666e\u901asoftware\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u5927\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u6e2c\u8a66\u786c\u4ef6\u6bd4\u6e2c\u8a66\u8edf\u4ef6\u56b4\u683c\u5f88\u591a\u3002Formal Verification\u5247\u662f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u6e2c\u8a66\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u5bebcode\uff0c\u5bebformal specification\uff0c\u518d\u7528\u6578\u5b78\u908f\u8f2f\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53bb\u8b49\u660e\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u8a2d\u4ef6\u5fc5\u5b9a\u7b49\u65bc\u90a3\u500bspecification\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002Formal Verification\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e2c\u8a66\u51fasimulation\u627e\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86\u7684bug\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42simulation\u4e26\u4e0d\u662fexhaustive\uff0c\u4e0d\u904eformal\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5927\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u6df1\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42formal proof\u4fc2\u4e00\u500bNP-complete problem\u3002 \u591a\u5e74\u4f86formal\u4e00\u76f4\u53ea\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5546\u696d\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u4e94\u516d\u5e74\u524d\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684formal 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\u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u9019\u7bc7\u4e0d\u662f\u66f8\u8a55\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u81ea\u5b78\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u66f8\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u6d89\u53ca\u975e\u5e38\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8a2d\u8a08\u6676\u7247\u624d\u6703\u7528\u5f97\u4e0a\u7684\u6280\u8853\u8ab2\u672c\u3002\u975e\u884c\u5167\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u770b\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u9019\u7bc7\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u5b78\u7fd2formal verification(\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u9a57\u8b49)\u7684\u5fc3\u5f97\u548c\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4ea6\u4e0d\u671f\u671b\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8b80\u8005\u3002 \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fFormal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2017\/06\/21\/formal-verification-erik-seligman-tom-schubert\/\" \/>\n<meta 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"\u79d1\u6280"","block_context":{"text":"\u79d1\u6280","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_science_technology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/rsz_b-.jpg?fit=1200%2C809&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/rsz_b-.jpg?fit=1200%2C809&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/rsz_b-.jpg?fit=1200%2C809&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/rsz_b-.jpg?fit=1200%2C809&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/rsz_b-.jpg?fit=1200%2C809&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 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