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\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u5927\u9580\u6d3e \u4fc4\u570b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Russian Formalism) - \u6bd4\u8f03\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u9580\u6d3e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u6027\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u8868\u9054\u6280\u5de7\u3002 \u65b0\u6279\u8a55 (New Criticism) - \u9127\u5c0f\u6a3a\u6700\u611b\u7684\u65b0\u6279\u8a55\u4e00\u9ede\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b0\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u6b77\u53f2\u4e86\u3002\u91cd\u8457\u6574\u4ef6\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u5f9e\u7f8e\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u9598\u660e\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a69\u610f\u624d\u662f\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u3002 \u73fe\u50cf\u5b78 (Phenomenology) - \u4e0d\u53bb\u63a2\u554f\u5ba2\u89c0\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u53ea\u770b\u4f5c\u8005\u610f\u8b58\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7248\u672c\u662f\u8b80\u8005\u73fe\u50cf\u5b78\uff0c\u770b\u8b80\u8005\u610f\u8b58\u4e2d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002 \u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Structualism) - \u8457\u91cd\u89e3\u91cb\u5982\u4f55\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u5982\u4f55\u69cb\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5f9e\u53cd\u5c0d\u73fe\u50cf\u5b78\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u6587\u5b57\u7d50\u69cb\u5982\u4f55\u8b80\u8b80\u8005\u7522\u751f\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0d\u70ba\u4f5c\u54c1\u627e\u51fa\u65b0\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6587\u5b78\u898f\u5247\u6703\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u8207\u7b26\u865f\u5b78\u6709\u6240\u95dc\u9023 \u5f8c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Post-Structualism) - \u5f88\u591a\u5f8c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u540d\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982Foucault\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u8d8a\u7814\u7a76\u8d8a\u767c\u73fe\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6975\u9650\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u5f9e\u6253\u7834\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u898f\u5247\u800c\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u898f\u5247\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u5f8c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6c92\u6709\u63a8\u7ffb\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u8fa8\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u53d7\u4f5c\u8005\u8eab\u8655\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Deconstruction) - Derrida\u662f\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u89e3\u69cb\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f9e\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a9e\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u8a9e\u5883\u4e0b\u5c0d\u8b49\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5148\u660e\u767d\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u660e\u767d\u5b83\u5728\u8aaa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c \u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790 (Pyschoanalysis) - \u501f\u7528\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f9d\u5fb7\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u66f8\u4e2d\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba \u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Marxism) - \u4ec0\u9ebc\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u95dc\u968e\u7d1a\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u4e8b \u65b0\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\/\u6587\u5316\u7269\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9 (New Historicism\/Cultural Materialism) -\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u66f8\u8a55&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u66f8\u8a55","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/71ZgNEVy4NL.jpg?fit=763%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/71ZgNEVy4NL.jpg?fit=763%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/71ZgNEVy4NL.jpg?fit=763%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/71ZgNEVy4NL.jpg?fit=763%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13114,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2018\/10\/24\/%e5%b7%a5%e7%a8%8b%e5%b8%ab%e6%87%89%e8%a9%b2%e8%ae%80%e6%96%87%e7%a7%91%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%8d%e6%98%af%e8%ae%80%e6%96%87%e5%ad%b8\/","url_meta":{"origin":13144,"position":1},"title":"\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u61c9\u8a72\u8b80\u6587\u79d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8b80\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u6587\u5b78\u4eba\u66f4\u61c9\u8a72\u8b80STEM","author":"hevangel","date":"October 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u8fd1\u65e5\u9762\u66f8\u4e0a\u6d41\u50b3\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u8b80\u6587\u5b78\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u6587\u5b78\u7db2\u7ad9\u865b\u8a5e\u520a\u767b\u8a31\u5bf6\u5f37\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5c08\u8a2a\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4eba\u5f15\u7528\u6700\u60f9\u706b\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u300c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u8981\u7528\u4e09\u4efd\u4e00\u8b80\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3001\u8b80\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u8a31\u5bf6\u5f37\u5148\u751f\u9806\u53e3\u958b\u6cb3\u8aaa\u6f0f\u4e86\u5634\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u8a18\u8005\u65b7\u7ae0\u53d6\u7fa9\u505a\u6a19\u984c\u9ee8\u5438\u5f15\u773c\u7403\uff0c\u9019\u53e5\u300c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u8981\u82b1\u4e09\u4efd\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u8b80\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u7406\u79d1\u4eba\u7684\u7b11\u6599\u3002 \u7406\u79d1\u751f\u61c9\u5426\u8981\u4fee\u8b80\u6587\u79d1\u8ab2\u7a0b\u62d3\u95ca\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8001\u6389\u7259\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u524dC.P. Snow\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300aThe Two Cultures\u300b\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u8b1b\u6587\u7406\u76f8\u8f15\u4e92\u4e0d\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4eca\u6642\u4eca\u65e5\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u8b80\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u529f\u8ab2\u4e4b\u7e41\u5fd9\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u82b1\u4e09\u4efd\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u8b80\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u4e5f\u6709\u5fc5\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u4fee\u8b80\u4eba\u6587\u8ab2\u7684\u7562\u696d\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4ee5\u6211\u8b80\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7562\u696d\u8981\u4fee\u8b80\u56db\u5341\u8ab2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u516d\u8ab2\u5fc5\u9700\u4fee\u8b80\u672c\u79d1\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\uff0c\u516d\u8ab2\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e00\u8ab2\u5fc5\u9700\u6709\u95dc\u8a13\u7df4\u5beb\u4f5c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4e00\u8ab2\u5fc5\u9700\u6709\u95dc\u79d1\u6280\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5169\u8ab2\u5fc5\u9700\u662f\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\uff08\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u642d\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u8ab2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u9078\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u7cfb\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\u6211\u8b9a\u6210\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u4fee\u8b80\u6587\u79d1\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u662f\u8eab\u9ad4\u529b\u884c\u5730\u5bfa\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u8b80\u66f8\u6642\u9078\u4fee\u79d1\u548c\u51fa\u4f86\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f8c\u8b80part-timer\u7576\u6d88\u907a\uff0c\u524d\u524d\u5f8c\u5f8c\u6211\u8b80\u4e86\u5341\u591a\u8ab2\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u8ab2\uff0c\u8b80\u5f97\u6700\u591a\u7684\u8ab2\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u4e5f\u6709\u8b80\u904e\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5012\u6c92\u6709\u8b80\u904e\u8a31\u5bf6\u5f37\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u8ab2\u3002 \u8a31\u5bf6\u5f37\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u5f37\u8abf\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u8aaa\u300c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u8981\u82b1\u4e09\u4efd\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u8b80\u6587\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u4ea6\u8aaa\u300c\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u4e09\u4efd\u4e00\u662f\u6587\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\u300d\uff0c\u770b\u4f86\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u628a\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1(Liberal Studies)\u540c\u6587\u5b78\uff08Literature Studies)\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u3002\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7b35\u570d\u5f88\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5305\u62ec\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u79d1(STEM = Science, Technology, Engineering, Maths)\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\u8a31\u5bf6\u5f37\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u300c\u2026\u4f46\u5de5\u7a0b\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u8a9e\u8a00\u554f\u984c\u2026\u300d\u548c\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u5e38\u8b1b\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u502b\u7406\u2026\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78(social science)\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u53e3\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u3002\u89e3\u6c7a\u8a9e\u8a00\u554f\u984c\u8981\u8b80\u6e9d\u901a\u5b78\uff08Communication Studies)\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7387\u53bb\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u5f9e\u50b3\u5a92\u7406\u8ad6\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecb\u9762\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08UX\uff09\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u95dc\u65bc\u91ab\u7642\u502b\u7406\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u8981\u4fee\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u56db\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u502b\u7406\u8ab2\uff08Ethics)\u4e86\u3002 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\u79d1\u5e7b\u611b\u597d\u8005\u50be\u5411\u8996\u7121\u7779\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c0d\u79d1\u5b78\u6b63\u7d71\u7684\u8d8a\u754c\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8d85\u5149\u901f\u98db\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u5c0d\u5c0f\u7d15\u6f0f\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u5439\u6bdb\u6c42\u75aa\u3002- Adam Roberts \u79d1\u5b78\u5728\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u639b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u91d8\u5b50 - \u9ec3\u6d77 \u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u88cf\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u591a\u534a\u662f\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u662f\u85c9\u4ee5\u64f4\u5145\u5e7b\u60f3\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u5de5\u5177 - \u5f35\u7cfb\u570b \u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4f01\u5716\u4f54\u6709\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u58ae\u843d\u300d\u3002\u7531\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u300c\u58ae\u843d\u300d\u56de\u4e3b\u6587\u5316\u53bb\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u8b1b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5012\u9000\uff0c\u5176\u81f3\u662f\u7a2e\u96e2\u300c\u7d93\u300d\u53db\u300c\u9053\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u50cf - \u5f35\u7cfb\u570b \u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u88cf\u6c11\u65c5\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981 - \u5c0f\u6c60\u5c71\u91ce \u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u4e26\u975e\u4f86\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u901a\u4fd7\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u548c\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u722d\u98df\u79d1\u5e7b\u5927\u9905\u7684\u79d1\u5e7b\u96fb\u5f71 - \u7d00\u5927\u5049 \u4ed6\u5f9e\u672b\u9577\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u505c\u6b62\u9577\u5927 - Arthur C. Clark\u7684\u5893\u8a8c\u9298\uff08\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e5f\u662f\u79d1\u5e7b\u8ff7\u7684\u5beb\u7167\uff09","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u66f8\u8a55&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u66f8\u8a55","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/s27307293-213x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":5477,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2011\/10\/27\/the-big-questions-steven-e-landsburg\/","url_meta":{"origin":13144,"position":3},"title":"The Big Questions &#8211; Steven E. Landsburg","author":"hevangel","date":"October 27, 2011","format":false,"excerpt":"\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8f49\u884c\u5beb\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u6703\u5beb\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u6771\u897f\u51fa\u4f86\u5462\uff1f\u300c\u5927\u554f\u984c\u300d\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6Steven Landsburg\uff0c\u5a1b\u4eba\u5a1b\u5df2\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u52c9\u5f37\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b78\u985e\u54f2\u5b78\u901a\u8b58\uff0c\u4f46\u8aaa\u5230\u5e95\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4ed6\u767c\u7262\u9a37\u7684\u6563\u6587\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u6578\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u7406\u4f5c\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u50cf\u842c\u7528\u5200\u822c\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u62db\uff0c\u53bb\u89e3\u6c7a\u6240\u6709\u6709\u95dc\u4eba\u751f\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5584\u60e1\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u4e00\u5207\u54f2\u5b78\u96e3\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f88\u53e6\u985e\u65b0\u5947\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u9023\u6211\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6642\u4e5f\u6c92\u807d\u904e\u3002\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u63a8\u7406\u537b\u4e0d\u751a\u7dca\u56b4\u7dca\uff0c\u89c0\u9ede\u770b\u4f3c\u6210\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u8ad6\u9ede\u6709\u5f85\u56b4\u683c\u6aa2\u5b9a\u3002\u59cb\u7d42\u9019\u66f8\u73a9\u7968\u610f\u5473\u751a\u6fc3\uff0c\u5beb\u5f97\u592a\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u4fbf\u6703\u60b6\u4eba\u8d95\u5ba2\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u8b80\u8d77\u8f15\u9b06\u6709\u8da3\u525b\u525b\u597d\u3002 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