{"id":1438,"date":"2007-09-22T20:15:34","date_gmt":"2007-09-23T04:15:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2007\/09\/22\/the-road-to-serfdom-%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e5%88%b0%e8%b7%af%e5%bd%b9%e4%b9%8b%e8%b7%af-freidrich-a-hayek\/"},"modified":"2015-10-28T16:22:35","modified_gmt":"2015-10-29T00:22:35","slug":"the-road-to-serfdom-%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e5%88%b0%e8%b7%af%e5%bd%b9%e4%b9%8b%e8%b7%af-freidrich-a-hayek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2007\/09\/22\/the-road-to-serfdom-%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e5%88%b0%e8%b7%af%e5%bd%b9%e4%b9%8b%e8%b7%af-freidrich-a-hayek\/","title":{"rendered":"The Road to Serfdom \u81ea\u7531\u5230\u8def\u5f79\u4e4b\u8def &#8211; Freidrich A. Hayek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/08\/rd2serf.jpg\" title=\"road to serfdom\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/08\/rd2serf.thumbnail.jpg?w=474\" alt=\"road to serfdom\" \/><\/a> \u64da\u8aaa\u5728\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u5831\u793e\u7684\u5927\u5802\u6709\u4e09\u5c0a\u9285\u50cf\ufe50\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u9999\u6e2f\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u8cf4\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u7cfb\ufe50\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u53f8\u90ed\u4f2f\u5049(John J. Cowperthwaite)\ufe50\u4efb\u5167\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u884c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7a4d\u6975\u4e0d\u5e72\u9810\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u662f\u53bb\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u5e2b\u4f5b\u5229\u6c11(Milton Friedman),\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9810\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u5247\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6d77\u8036\u514b(Freidich A. Hayek)\ufe50\u70ba\u53cd\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u96c6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5beb\u4e0b\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u5230\u8def\u5f79\u4e4b\u8def\u300d \u662f\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\ufe50\u66f8\u4e2d\u8a73\u7d30\u63a8\u8ad6\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6700\u7d42\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u6975\u6b0a\u7d71\u6cbb\u3002\u6b64\u66f8\u51fa\u7248\u65bc\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u672a\u671f\ufe50\u7576\u6642\u51f1\u6069\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9(Keynes)\u7576\u9053\ufe50\u9f13\u5439\u7531\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\ufe50\u5de5\u6703\u52e2\u529b\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u540d\u62ac\u982d\ufe50\u9670\u5f71\u7c60\u7f69\u8457\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7d93\u6fdf\u50b3\u7d71\u3002\u6b64\u66f8\u6700\u521d\u51fa\u7248\u6642\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u8996\ufe50\u53cd\u5c0d\u8072\u97f3\u751a\u81f3\u6253\u64ca\u6d77\u8036\u514b\ufe50\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5371\u8a00\u8073\u807d\ufe50\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u6b50\u8607\u806f\u5171\u7522\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u5931\u6557\ufe50\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u5de6\u7ffc\u601d\u6f6e\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e00\u8e76\u4e0d\u632f\ufe50\u6b63\u597d\u53cd\u8b49\u4e86\u5230\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u5148\u89ba\u3002\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u57281974\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u734e\ufe50\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u82f1\u7f8e\u5217\u6839\u548c\u6234\u5353\u723e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0b\ufe50\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f9e\u65b0\u62ac\u982d\ufe50\u7d93\u6fdf\u6025\u901f\u767c\u5c55\ufe50\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u3002\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u53cd\u5c0d\u96c6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6703\u6162\u6162\u6d41\u5931\ufe50\u6700\u7d42\u6211\u5011\u6703\u6dea\u70ba\u5c08\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u5974\u96b8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u4e26\u4e0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u6709\u95dc\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u8a08\u5283\ufe50\u53ea\u8981\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4fc3\u9032\u7af6\u722d\ufe50\u800c\u975e\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5e02\u5834\ufe50\u9078\u64c7\u63a8\u884c\u55ae\u4e00\u767c\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u652f\u6301\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u4eba\ufe50\u8a8d\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u5957\u6700\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u7b56\u7565\ufe50\u53ea\u8981\u8ddf\u5f9e\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u5efa\u8a2d\u793e\u6703\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u671f\u671b\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u8a08\u5283\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fce\u5408\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u63a8\u884c\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\ufe50\u5c31\u5fc5\u9700\u60d8\u9867\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u9858\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u610f\u898b\u5206\u6b67\u50cf\u4e00\u76e4\u6563\u6c99\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\ufe50\u53ea\u8981\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u9054\u6210\u7d71\u4e00\u610f\u898b\ufe50\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cc\u99d5\u4e26\u9a0e\u52ab\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u9858\u3002\u800c\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u9054\u6210\u7d71\u4e00\u610f\u898b\u7684\ufe50\u504f\u504f\u537b\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u7368\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u628a\u6b0a\u529b\u7d66\u8207\u8aaa\u8a71\u52d5\u807d\u7684\u9818\u8896\ufe50\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u904b\u7528\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b0a\u529b\ufe50\u53bb\u6383\u9664\u63a8\u884c\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u969c\u7919\u3002\u9818\u8896\u5728\u64c1\u6709\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5f8c\ufe50\u5728\u63a8\u884c\u7d93\u6fdf\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u5927\u524d\u984c\u4e0b\ufe50\u52d5\u7528\u5ba3\u50b3\u6a5f\u5668\u6253\u64ca\u53cd\u5c0d\u8072\u97f3\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u8a08\u5283\u8981\u6210\u529f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u7576\u9818\u8896\u5b8c\u5168\u64cd\u5236\u8207\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\ufe50\u4eba\u6c11\u55aa\u5931\u81ea\u7531\u518d\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u53cd\u6297\u6642\ufe50\u8e0f\u4e0a\u7d66\u5c08\u5236\u653f\u6b0a\u5974\u5f79\u4e4b\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\ufe50\u81ea\u7531\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u88ab\u626d\u66f2\u4f7f\u7528\ufe50\u8aa4\u5c0e\u4eba\u6c11\u53bb\u652f\u6301\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u539f\u672c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6307\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\ufe50\u6709\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u81ea\u7531\ufe50\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u6b0a\u529b\u96a8\u610f\u64cd\u63a7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\ufe50\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u8b8a\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\ufe50\u6210\u70ba\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u9700\u800c\u9650\u5236\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e2d\ufe50\u81ea\u7531\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\ufe50\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u81ea\u7531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\u60d5\u3002 \u5728\u7db2\u7d61\u4e0a\u6211\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u793e\u904b\u4efd\u5b50\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u9ad8\u8209\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u65d7\u7e54\ufe50\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9810\u5e02\u5834\ufe50\u597d\u6539\u5584\u4ed6\u5011\u95dc\u5fc3\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f\u624e\u5be6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\ufe50\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u8868\u9762\ufe50\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u7684\u4ed6\u5011\u8a34\u6c42\ufe50\u6b63\u6b63\u662f\u8e0f\u8457\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u7684\u901a\u4f4f\u5974\u5f79\u4e4b\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u64da\u8aaa\u5728\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u5831\u793e\u7684\u5927\u5802\u6709\u4e09\u5c0a\u9285\u50cf\ufe50\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u9999\u6e2f\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u8cf4\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u7cfb\ufe50\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u53f8\u90ed\u4f2f\u5049(John J. Cowperthwaite)\ufe50\u4efb\u5167\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u884c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7a4d\u6975\u4e0d\u5e72\u9810\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u662f\u53bb\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u5e2b\u4f5b\u5229\u6c11(Milton Friedman),\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9810\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u5247\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6d77\u8036\u514b(Freidich A. 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This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Road to Serfdom \u81ea\u7531\u5230\u8def\u5f79\u4e4b\u8def - Freidrich A. Hayek - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u64da\u8aaa\u5728\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u5831\u793e\u7684\u5927\u5802\u6709\u4e09\u5c0a\u9285\u50cf\ufe50\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u9999\u6e2f\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u8cf4\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u7cfb\ufe50\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u53f8\u90ed\u4f2f\u5049(John J. 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\u7345\u5b50\u5c71\u5b78\u6703\u51fa\u7248\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\u7684\u66f8\u85c9\ufe50\u52aa\u529b\u628a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u666e\u53ca\u5316\ufe50\u6f5b\u79fb\u9ed8\u5316\u9999\u6e2f\u5e02\u6c11\ufe50\u5176\u5fd7\u53ef\u5609\u3002\u671f\u671b\u65e5\u5f8c\u6703\u51fa\u7248\u66f4\u591a\u540c\u985e\u85c9\u4f5c\ufe50\u4ecb\u7d39\u8207\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u9f4a\u540d\u7684\u4f5b\u5229\u6c11\ufe50\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b97\u5e2bJohn Stuart Mills\ufe50\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65b0\u8cb4Robert Nozick\u3002\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u6d77\u8036\u514b\u9084\u662f\u4f5b\u5229\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4e5f\u662f\u5f9e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u5207\u5165\u9ede\ufe50\u93ae\u5b88\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u91cd\u93ae\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4eca\u6642\u4eca\u65e5\u6771\u6b50\u8b8a\u5929\u8607\u806f\u89e3\u9ad4\ufe50\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e5f\u540d\u5b58\u5be6\u4ea1\ufe50\u53cd\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u97ad\u5c4d\ufe50\u52dd\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6b66\u3002\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9(libertarian)\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5a01\u8105\ufe50\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u540c\u6a23\u81ea\u7a31\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9(liberalism)\u7684\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u3002\u5169\u500b\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e00\u65b0\u4e00\u820a\ufe50\u4f46\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u540d\u5341\u5206\u6df7\u4e82\ufe50\u5230\u5e95\u90a3\u500b\u662f\u65b0\u90a3\u500b\u662f\u820a\ufe50\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u9084\u5206\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u5de6\u6d3e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8208\u8d77\ufe50\u7531\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6John Rawls\u64d4\u7576\u65d7\u624b\u3002\u5de6\u6d3e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6559\u8a13\u5b78\u4e56\u4e86\ufe50\u80af\u5b9a\u79c1\u6709\u7522\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6\ufe50\u4f46\u5f37\u8abf\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u3002\u5de6\u6d3e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f88\u591a\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u5c08\u9580\u91dd\u5c0d\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f86\u6253\ufe50\u4e0d\u72a7\u7272\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e5f\u8981\u9ad8\u8209\u793e\u6703\u516c\u7fa9\u3002\u7345\u5b50\u5c71\u5b78\u6703\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8b70\u6642\ufe50\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u9867\u8457\u97ad\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u96c6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5c4d\ufe50\u4e5f\u8981\u63d0\u9632\u5de6\u6d3e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u72d9\u64ca\ufe50\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u722d\u53d6\u9999\u6e2f\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002 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\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5167\u7684\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u589e\u9577\u4e866%\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u6210\u679c\u5206\u914d\u6975\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5747\u300d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u904e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4eba\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8ca2\u737b\u5462\uff1f\u82e5\u679c\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4f9d\u7136\u505a\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u7522\u529b\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a08\u56e0\u901a\u6f32\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u85aa\u91d1\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5be6\u8cea\u5de5\u8cc7\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u5462\uff1f\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u5728\u90a3\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4eba\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u597d\u4e9b\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u9818\u53d6\u798f\u5229\u904e\u6d3b\uff0c\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5168\u7121\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u9084\u597d\u610f\u601d\u539a\u8457\u9762\u76ae\u53bb\u5206\u4eab\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u4f5c\u8005\u53cd\u554f\u300c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u653f\u5e9c\u6551\u5e02\u4e0d\u6551\u4eba\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb\u7533\u8acb\u7834\u7522\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c64\u4eba\u54e1\u9084\u53ef\u7372\u5de8\u984d\u85aa\u91d1\u548c\u82b1\u7d05\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u4f55\u6703\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u6b65\u300d\u3002\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df2\u624d\u8aaa\u904e\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u6551\u5e02\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5f15\u81f4\u9053\u5fb7\u98a8\u96aa(moral hazard)\uff0c\u9019\u7b46\u7cca\u5857\u8cec\u600e\u6a23\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u7b97\u5230\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u982d\u4e0a\u4f86\u5427\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u793e\u6703\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5de6\u6d3e\u907a\u7559\u7684\u9918\u6bd2\u9084\u672a\u5fb9\u5e95\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u96f6\u516b\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u6d77\u562f\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u662f\u6b21\u6309\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u800c\u6b21\u6309\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u6b63\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9810\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u8981\u5169\u623f\u9054\u6210\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u5c4b\u4f4f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8ca8\u6b3e\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u5920\u9084\u50b5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u786c\u751f\u751f\u628a\u9055\u7d04\u98a8\u96aa\u6ce8\u5165\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u50b3\u70b8\u5f48\u904a\u6232\u3002 \u7ae0\u672a\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39\u300c\u99ac\u592a\u6548\u61c9\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8ca7\u7aae\u9677\u9631\u300d\uff0c\u60f3\u8aaa\u670d\u8b80\u8005\u5e02\u5834\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u300c\u5bcc\u8005\u8d8a\u5bcc\uff0c\u8ca7\u8005\u8d8a\u8ca7\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5927\u8a71\u6015\u8a08\u6578\uff0c\u6211\u4f8b\u8209\u5169\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u9577\u9060\u800c\u8a00\u300c\u99ac\u592a\u6548\u61c9\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9053\u74ca\u65af\u5de5\u696d\u6307\u6578\u4e09\u5341\u96bb\u6210\u5206\u80a1\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u6709\u9322\u7684\u5927\u4f01\u696d\uff0c1970\u5e74\u5230\u73fe\u572840\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e94\u9593\u516c\u53f8\u4ecd\u7136\u7559\u5728\u6307\u6578\u5167\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u516c\u53f8\u7121\u5f97\u7559\u5e95\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u66f4\u52a0\u7834\u7522\u6536\u5834\u3002\u963f\u6839\u5ead\u65bc1900\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5341\u5f37\uff0c\u4eba\u5747GPD\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u63a5\u8fd1\u7f8e\u570b\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u963f\u6839\u5ead\u5247\u6dea\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u53cd\u89c0\u4e9e\u6d32\u5404\u570b\u5982\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5357\u97d3\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7b49\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u7aae\u4e8c\u767d\u5230\u6649\u9032\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u53ef\u898b\u6709\u9322\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u5931\u8aa4\u800c\u8b8a\u6210\u7121\u9322\uff0c\u7121\u9322\u7684\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6191\u9032\u6b65\u5f8c\u4f86\u8ffd\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4fbf\u662f\u5275\u9020\u6027\u6bc0\u6ec5(creative destruction)\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002 \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u8836\u98df\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c \u9019\u4e00\u7ae0\u8f49\u800c\u6279\u8a55\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4f5c\u8005\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c0d\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u8aa4\u89e3\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u8aaa \u5982\u679c\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u9858\u8cb7\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u9858\u8ce3\u300d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u7e3b\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u793e\u6703\u90fd\u4e0d\u8a31\u8ce3\u8840\uff0c\u8ce3\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u8ce3\u6deb\uff0c\u8ce3\u6bd2\u54c1\uff0c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5b98\u8077\uff0c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u300c\u8ce3\u8eab\u846c\u7236\u300d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u8a31\u8ce3\u300c\u9ec3\u725b\u98db\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4f60\u60c5\u6211\u9858\u7684\u9ad8\u5229\u8ca8\uff0c\u5305\u652c\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u63a8\u92b7\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u88ab\u5217\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\uff1f\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6289\u64c7\u4e4b\u4e0a \u9996\u5148\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u8b02\u8cb7\u8ce3\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8981\u5c0a\u91cd\u634d\u885b\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u3002\u8ce3\u8840\uff0c\u8ce3\u5668\u8840\uff0c\u8ce3\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u8ce3\u8eab\u846c\u7236\u7b49\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u4eba\u6b0a\u628a\u4eba\u985e\u8cb6\u70ba\u8ca8\u7269\uff0c\u8207\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u4ee5\u5408\u7d04\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u8aa0\u4fe1\u70ba\u5927\u524d\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u7528\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u76e3\u7763\u4eba\u6c11\u5c65\u884c\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u3002\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5b98\u8077\uff0c\u7092\u9ec3\u725b\u98db\uff0c\u9ad8\u5229\u8ca8\uff0c\u5305\u652c\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u63a8\u92b7\u7b49\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53cd\u5c0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u542b\u6709\u6b3a\u9a19\u6216\u9055\u7d04\u6210\u4efd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5b97\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bd2\u54c1\u4e0d\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u5176\u4ed6\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6216\u53cd\u5c0d\u8ce3\u6bd2\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u7981\u4e0d\u7981\u6bd2\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u6210\u672c\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u8ce3\u6deb\u561b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u5168\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u897f\u65b9\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u8ce3\u6deb\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u72af\u6cd5\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u626f\u76ae\u689d\u3002 \u63a5\u8457\u9019\u7ae0\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6279\u8a55\u5e02\u5834\u5316\uff0c\u8aaa\u300c\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u662f\u56b4\u91cd\u5730\u8836\u98df\u8457\u4eba\u969b\u9593\u7684\u502b\u7406\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ee5\u53ca\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u50f9\u503c\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u8209\u51fa\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8a17\u5152\u6240\u5c0d\u9072\u5230\u63a5\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u5bb6\u9577\u5f15\u5165\u7f70\u6b3e\u4f5c\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5728Predictably Irrational\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u6211\u4e5f\u6709\u770b\u904e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u628a\u9019\u500b\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u672a\u514d\u904e\u4efd\u806f\u60f3\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u8166\u5206\u70ba\u611f\u6027\u548c\u7406\u6027\u5169\u500b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u5f97\u51fa\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u975e\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u6649\u8eab\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6Maurice Allais\u66f4\u6191\u6b64\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u734e\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u884c\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5169\u8005\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bb9\u5171\u8655\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5f71\u97ff\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u4f5c\u8005\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u6253\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u6279\u8a55\u6d88\u8cbb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8aaa\u300c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5341\u8db3\u5947\u602a\u7684\u672c\u672b\u5012\u7f6e\u300d\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e5f\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\u9019\u756a\u8aaa\u8a71\u3002\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4fbf\u662f\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8cc7\u672c\u53bb\u589e\u52a0\u751f\u7522\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u503c\u50f9\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u537b\u53cd\u884c\u5176\u9053\u628a\u9322\u82b1\u6389\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u89e3\u4f5c\u8005\u628a\u6d88\u8cbb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b97\u5230\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u982d\u4e0a\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u4ed6\u53c8\u8aaa\uff1a \u6309\u7167\u300c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5927\u53ef\u5c07\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u516c\u5712\u3001\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u3001\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3001\u90f5\u653f\u5c40\u3001\u6c34\u52d9\u8655\u3001\u6d88\u9632\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u6551\u50b7\u8eca\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u6c23\u50cf\u670d\u52d9\u7b49\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3002\u6240\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u5176\u81f3\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u8b66\u5bdf\u548c\u8ecd\u968a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7dad\u6301\u6cbb\u5b89\u53ef\u7531\u4fdd\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u8ca0\u8cac\u3001\u570b\u9632\u5247\u53ef\u7531\u50f1\u50ad\u5175\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002\u5f9e\u7d93\u6fdf\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u8f49\u8b8a\u80af\u5b9a\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6548\u76ca\u300d\u3002 \u54a6~ \u9019\u7ae0\u958b\u9996\u4e0d\u624d\u525b\u525b\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u516c\u7528\u54c1(public goods)\uff0c\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4f86\u505a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u55ce\uff1f\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u53ef\u4e5f\u767e\u4efd\u767e\u8a8d\u540c\u9019\u9ede\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8c48\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u6253\u5634\u5df4\uff1f\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u51fa\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9\u5e02\u5834\u7af6\u722d\u6bd4\u653f\u5e9c\u5305\u8fa6\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4fbf\u61c9\u8a72\u8b93\u5e02\u5834\u4f86\u505a\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u904e\u6240\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u670d\u52d9\u4e5f\u8981\u79c1\u71df\u5316\u554a\u3002\u518d\u8aaa\u591a\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u9019\u7ae0\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u5c0f\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u7528\u6700\u5f8c\u901a\u789f\u904a\u6232(Utlimatum Game)\uff0c\u8aaa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u4eba\u300d\u61c9\u8a72\u8b93\u4eba\u5bb6\u62ff\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d\u5143\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u62cd\u5169\u6563\u4ee4\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6c92\u9322\u62ff\uff0c\u53bb\u8b49\u660e\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u8b80\u904e\u535a\u5955\u7406\u8ad6(Game Theory)\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u7121\u4ec7\u5831\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u904e\u904a\u6232single shot game\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u904e\u904a\u6232\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u904a\u6232\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8986\u904a\u6232(repeated game)\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u8986\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u62cd\u5169\u6563\u662f\u8feb\u5c0d\u624b\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c40\u5c31\u7bc4\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u8166\u5c31\u6703\u4f5c\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u518d\u8005\u5c31\u7b97\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u904e\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b93\u5c0d\u624b\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u62cd\u5169\u6563\u7684\u6c7a\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u4ed6\u4e82\u4f86\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u8aaa\u7406\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u592a\u904e\u77ed\u8996\u4e86\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u9577\u9060\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6307\u6a19 \u4f5c\u8005\u8aaa\u8981\u53cd\u8f49\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\uff0c\u9019\u7ae0\u6307\u51faGDP(Gross Domestic Product)\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u8ab2\u6216\u8a31\u6c92\u6709\u6559\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u8ab2\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u8b1b\u53caGDP\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u9019\u7ae0\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5168\u7121\u554f\u984c\u5341\u5206\u6b63\u8def\uff0cGDP\u7684\u4e14\u800c\u78ba\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u72f9\u9698\u548c\u504f\u9817\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u91cf\u5ea6\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e00\u5e74\u5167\u7684\u82b1\u8cbb\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u53cd\u6620\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5982\u74b0\u5883\u8cc7\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u570b\u50b5\u589e\u52a0\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5927\u6168\u9664\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\u6703\u8a02\u4e0b\u81ea\u6b3a\u6b3a\u7684GDP\u589e\u9577\u76ee\u6a19\u5916\uff0c\u5916\u570b\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u65e9\u5df2\u8a08\u7b97\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u53bb\u5f4c\u4fddGDP\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u5982GNH(Gross National Happiness)\u6216HPI(Happy Planet Index)\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3GDP\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cf\u5ea6\u5feb\u6a02\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u592a\u5f37\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5ba2\u89c0\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u3002 \u66f8\u4e2d\u4ea6\u63d0\u53ca\u7528\u904e\u6642\u7684GNP(Gross\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u66f8\u8a55&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u66f8\u8a55","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/l_p0024271795.jpg?fit=536%2C720&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/l_p0024271795.jpg?fit=536%2C720&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/l_p0024271795.jpg?fit=536%2C720&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14204,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2020\/08\/31\/the-deficit-myth-stephanie-kelton\/","url_meta":{"origin":1438,"position":2},"title":"The Deficit Myth &#8211; Stephanie Kelton (\u8d64\u5b57\u8ff7\u601d)","author":"hevangel","date":"August 31, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u8ca8\u5e63\u7406\u8ad6\u300d(Modern Monetary Theory, MMT)\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7570\u7aef\u90aa\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u5f35\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u8a72\u5927\u5e45\u767c\u50b5\u589e\u52a0\u958b\u652f\u523a\u6fc0\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u65b0\u805e\u5e38\u807d\u7f8e\u570b\u6b50\u76df\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5168\u90fd\u50b5\u53f0\u9ad8\u7bc9\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6703\u544a\u8a22\u4f60\u50b5\u591a\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u9084\u50b5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u5f37\u52c1\u5c31\u842c\u4e8b\u5927\u5409\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005Stephanie Kelton\u65e9\u5e7e\u5e74\u9084\u662f\u540d\u4e0d\u7d93\u50b3\u7684\u4e8c\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74MMT\u9019\u53e6\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u958b\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5979\u8eab\u70ba\u958b\u8352\u725b\u4ea6\u5347\u4e0a\u795e\u67b1\uff0c\u8207\u4e00\u773e\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u5c0d\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u8ca8\u5e63\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u55e4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9f3b\uff0c\u9023\u8faf\u8ad6\u53cd\u99c1\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u524e\u6709\u4ecb\u4e8b\u822c\u7684\u537b\u56b4\u9663\u4ee5\u5f85\uff0c\u53ef\u898bMMT\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u662f\u56b4\u7dca\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u662fStephanie Kelton\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\u5730\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u8b80\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39MMT\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c64\u5c64\u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u5c0e\u8b80\u8005\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u73fe\u4eca\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5165\u9580\u66f8\uff0c\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7db2\u4e0a\u6279\u8a55MMT\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53cd\u5c04\u689d\u4ef6\u5730\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7121\u9650\u8209\u50b5\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u91dd\u5c0dMMT\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5167\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6211\u81ea\u8a8d\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u601d\u60f3\u5c6c\u65bc\u53f3\u6d3e\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u4f5b\u5229\u6c11\u548c\u5967\u5730\u5229\u5b78\u6d3e\u555f\u8499\uff0c\u4f46\u7adf\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u5168\u76e4\u63a5\u53d7MMT\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u5c0dStephanie Kelton\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7533\u5ef6\u61c9\u7528\u3002MMT\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u6b63\u597d\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u5132\u5c40\u548c\u6b50\u65e5\u592e\u884c\u7684\u7121\u9650\u91cf\u5316\u5bec\u9b06\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u660e\u986f\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u8655\u3002 MMT\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u9214\u5370\u9280\u7d19\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u570b\u50b5\u4e0d\u80fd\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u516c\u53f8\u50b5\u52d9\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\u3002\u570b\u50b5\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u50b5\u52d9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u606f\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\uff0c\u767c\u50b5\u5c31\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\u589e\u52a0\u523a\u6fc0\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u50b5\u52d9\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u9084\u4e0d\u8d77\u9322\uff0c\u9280\u7d19\u53ea\u8981\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u552f\u4e00\u9700\u8981\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u53ea\u662f\u901a\u8ca8\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\u589e\u52a0\u8d85\u51fa\u5be6\u9ad4\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002MMT\u597d\u50cf\u4e3b\u7d71\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u93e1\u5b50\uff0c\u628a\u6574\u500b\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\u7684\u53cd\u8f49\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u8aaa\u5f97\u901a\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u6536\u7a05\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u6709\u9322\u53bb\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5148\u628a\u9322\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\u8b93\u4eba\u6c11\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7528\u7a05\u6536\u70ba\u9322\u8ce6\u8207\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u7a05\u6536\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u8ca8\u5e63\u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7a05\u6536\u5c31\u662f\u8ca8\u5e63\u5f9e\u5e02\u5834\u4e2d\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002 \u7576\u7406\u89e3\u570b\u50b5\u3001\u7a05\u6536\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u652f\u7684\u65b0\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f8c\uff0cStephanie Kelton\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u5167\u63d0\u51fa\u5979\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5979\u5728\u5967\u5df4\u99ac\u4e16\u4ee3\u66f4\u7576\u570b\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u9867\u554f\uff0c\u5979\u6279\u8a55\u570b\u6703\u9810\u7b97\u6848\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u5012\u4e5f\u4e2d\u80af\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u60f3\u524a\u6e1b\u958b\u652f\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u60f3\u52a0\u7a05\uff0c\u6e90\u65bc\u5169\u9ee8\u90fd\u8aa4\u89e3\u570b\u5bb6\u8ca1\u653f\u8981\u76e1\u5165\u70ba\u51fa\u3002\u524a\u6e1b\u958b\u652f\u548c\u52a0\u7a05\u90fd\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u5168\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u4ecd\u589e\u9577\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u524a\u6e1b\u958b\u652f\u6216\u52a0\u7a05\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u9322\u662f\u82b1\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u3001\u57fa\u5efa\u7b49\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u8ca1\u653f\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u61c9\u6d17\u5247\u6d17\u3002\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5305\u5e95\u7684\u5168\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u5de5\u8fd4\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u5c0e\u56b4\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\uff0c\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u89f8\u89ba\u544a\u8a22\u6211\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u751f\u7522\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u53ea\u63cf\u5beb\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u662fMMT\u53cd\u5c0d\u5168\u6c11\u6700\u4f4e\u6536\u5165(Universal Basic Income, UBI)\uff0cUBI\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u6709\u9322\u6536\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u53ef\u904b\u7528\u751f\u7522\u529b\uff0c\u8207MMT\u5168\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u6700\u9ad8\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002 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&quot;\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_society\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7734,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2013\/10\/09\/false-economy-a-surprising-economic-history-of-the-world-alan-beattie-%e5%9c%8b%e5%ae%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%91%bd%e9%81%8b%e5%a5%bd%e5%a5%bd%e7%8e%a9\/","url_meta":{"origin":1438,"position":4},"title":"False Economy &#8211; Alan Beattie \u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u547d\u904b\u597d\u597d\u73a9","author":"hevangel","date":"October 9, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"\u8b80\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u80fd\u5920\u5206\u6790\u4e16\u614b\uff0c\u8b80\u6b77\u53f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u9452\u53e4\u77e5\u4eca\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u628a\u5169\u8005\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8208\u8870\u4f86\u4f50\u8b49\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u5169\u500b\u8d77\u8dd1\u9ede\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5728\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\u5169\u570b\u4e4b\u9593\u6703\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u3002\u4f5c\u8005Alan Beattie\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u6642\u5831\u7684\u7de8\u8f2f\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6587\u7b46\u5e7d\u9ed8\u8cc7\u6599\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u89e3\u91cb\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\uff0c\u8f14\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8da3\u805e\u8efc\u4e8b\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u8f15\u9b06\u6613\u8b80\u3002 \u82f1\u6587\u66f8\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u526f\u984cA Surprising Economic History of the 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&quot;\u66f8\u8a55&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u66f8\u8a55","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/False_Economy_book-193x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":685,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/markets-dont-fail-brian-p-simpson\/","url_meta":{"origin":1438,"position":5},"title":"Markets Don&#8217;t Fail &#8211; Brian P. Simpson","author":"hevangel","date":"December 20, 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