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\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8861\u7a81","author":"hevangel","date":"September 30, 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Quote from The Economist Feb 1st 2001 \u201cDebating the Minimum Wage\u201d that the minimum-wage increase left the overall number of workers employed roughly the same, but reduced their hours. (Not implausible, given that most workers in the fast-food business are part-timers.) Then it would be true that the wage\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_society\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":14204,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2020\/08\/31\/the-deficit-myth-stephanie-kelton\/","url_meta":{"origin":2032,"position":3},"title":"The Deficit Myth &#8211; Stephanie Kelton (\u8d64\u5b57\u8ff7\u601d)","author":"hevangel","date":"August 31, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u8ca8\u5e63\u7406\u8ad6\u300d(Modern Monetary Theory, MMT)\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7570\u7aef\u90aa\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u5f35\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u8a72\u5927\u5e45\u767c\u50b5\u589e\u52a0\u958b\u652f\u523a\u6fc0\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u65b0\u805e\u5e38\u807d\u7f8e\u570b\u6b50\u76df\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5168\u90fd\u50b5\u53f0\u9ad8\u7bc9\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6703\u544a\u8a22\u4f60\u50b5\u591a\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u9084\u50b5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u5f37\u52c1\u5c31\u842c\u4e8b\u5927\u5409\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005Stephanie Kelton\u65e9\u5e7e\u5e74\u9084\u662f\u540d\u4e0d\u7d93\u50b3\u7684\u4e8c\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74MMT\u9019\u53e6\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u958b\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5979\u8eab\u70ba\u958b\u8352\u725b\u4ea6\u5347\u4e0a\u795e\u67b1\uff0c\u8207\u4e00\u773e\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u5c0d\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u8ca8\u5e63\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u55e4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9f3b\uff0c\u9023\u8faf\u8ad6\u53cd\u99c1\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u524e\u6709\u4ecb\u4e8b\u822c\u7684\u537b\u56b4\u9663\u4ee5\u5f85\uff0c\u53ef\u898bMMT\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u662f\u56b4\u7dca\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u662fStephanie Kelton\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\u5730\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u8b80\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39MMT\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c64\u5c64\u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u5c0e\u8b80\u8005\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u73fe\u4eca\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5165\u9580\u66f8\uff0c\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7db2\u4e0a\u6279\u8a55MMT\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53cd\u5c04\u689d\u4ef6\u5730\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7121\u9650\u8209\u50b5\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u91dd\u5c0dMMT\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5167\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6211\u81ea\u8a8d\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u601d\u60f3\u5c6c\u65bc\u53f3\u6d3e\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u4f5b\u5229\u6c11\u548c\u5967\u5730\u5229\u5b78\u6d3e\u555f\u8499\uff0c\u4f46\u7adf\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u5168\u76e4\u63a5\u53d7MMT\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u5c0dStephanie Kelton\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7533\u5ef6\u61c9\u7528\u3002MMT\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u6b63\u597d\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u5132\u5c40\u548c\u6b50\u65e5\u592e\u884c\u7684\u7121\u9650\u91cf\u5316\u5bec\u9b06\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u660e\u986f\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u8655\u3002 MMT\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u9214\u5370\u9280\u7d19\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u570b\u50b5\u4e0d\u80fd\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u516c\u53f8\u50b5\u52d9\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\u3002\u570b\u50b5\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u50b5\u52d9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u606f\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\uff0c\u767c\u50b5\u5c31\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\u589e\u52a0\u523a\u6fc0\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u50b5\u52d9\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u9084\u4e0d\u8d77\u9322\uff0c\u9280\u7d19\u53ea\u8981\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u552f\u4e00\u9700\u8981\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u53ea\u662f\u901a\u8ca8\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\u589e\u52a0\u8d85\u51fa\u5be6\u9ad4\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002MMT\u597d\u50cf\u4e3b\u7d71\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u93e1\u5b50\uff0c\u628a\u6574\u500b\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\u7684\u53cd\u8f49\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u8aaa\u5f97\u901a\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u6536\u7a05\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u6709\u9322\u53bb\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5148\u628a\u9322\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\u8b93\u4eba\u6c11\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7528\u7a05\u6536\u70ba\u9322\u8ce6\u8207\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u7a05\u6536\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u8ca8\u5e63\u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7a05\u6536\u5c31\u662f\u8ca8\u5e63\u5f9e\u5e02\u5834\u4e2d\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002 \u7576\u7406\u89e3\u570b\u50b5\u3001\u7a05\u6536\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u652f\u7684\u65b0\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f8c\uff0cStephanie Kelton\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u5167\u63d0\u51fa\u5979\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5979\u5728\u5967\u5df4\u99ac\u4e16\u4ee3\u66f4\u7576\u570b\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u9867\u554f\uff0c\u5979\u6279\u8a55\u570b\u6703\u9810\u7b97\u6848\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u5012\u4e5f\u4e2d\u80af\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u60f3\u524a\u6e1b\u958b\u652f\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u60f3\u52a0\u7a05\uff0c\u6e90\u65bc\u5169\u9ee8\u90fd\u8aa4\u89e3\u570b\u5bb6\u8ca1\u653f\u8981\u76e1\u5165\u70ba\u51fa\u3002\u524a\u6e1b\u958b\u652f\u548c\u52a0\u7a05\u90fd\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u5168\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u4ecd\u589e\u9577\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u524a\u6e1b\u958b\u652f\u6216\u52a0\u7a05\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u9322\u662f\u82b1\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u3001\u57fa\u5efa\u7b49\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u8ca1\u653f\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u61c9\u6d17\u5247\u6d17\u3002\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5305\u5e95\u7684\u5168\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u5de5\u8fd4\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u5c0e\u56b4\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\uff0c\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u89f8\u89ba\u544a\u8a22\u6211\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u751f\u7522\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u53ea\u63cf\u5beb\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u662fMMT\u53cd\u5c0d\u5168\u6c11\u6700\u4f4e\u6536\u5165(Universal Basic Income, UBI)\uff0cUBI\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u6709\u9322\u6536\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u53ef\u904b\u7528\u751f\u7522\u529b\uff0c\u8207MMT\u5168\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u6700\u9ad8\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002 \u53ef\u80fd\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u53ea\u662f\u5165\u9580\u7d1a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u82b1\u592a\u591a\u7bc7\u5e45\u8b1bMMT\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73fe\u901a\u8ca8\u81a8\u8139\u6642\u6703\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5c0d\u7b56\uff0c\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u96ea\u7403\u6548\u61c9\u60e1\u5316\u70ba\u8d9f\u901a\u8139(Hyperinflaction)\uff0c\u5979\u53ea\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u96d6\u7136\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u50b5\u9ad8\u4f01\uff0c\u4f46\u8ddd\u96e2\u6700\u9ad8\u751f\u7522\u529b\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u9577\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u800c\u5f9e\u96f6\u516b\u91d1\u878d\u6d77\u562f\u4ee5\u4f86\u806f\u5132\u5c40\u7684QE\u653f\u7b56\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u66f8\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5230MMT\u548c\u5c0d\u5916\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5979\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u62ff\u5370\u51fa\u7684\u9280\u7d19\uff0c\u53bb\u548c\u5916\u570b\u63db\u53d6\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u8ca8\u7269\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u767d\u8cfa\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u5979\u8aaa\u5916\u8cbf\u8d64\u6c92\u554f\u984c\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u7e3d\u89ba\u5f97\u5979\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u584a\u62fc\u5716\uff0c\u5979\u4ea6\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u8a00\u652f\u6301\u8cbf\u6613\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u7d93\u6fdf\u81ea\u7d66\u81ea\u8db3\u3002 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