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2007","format":false,"excerpt":"\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u795e\u5b78\ufe50\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u62b1\u6709\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u662f\u9ed1\u6697\u4e16\u7d00\u504f\u898b\ufe50\u5957\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u5149\u53bb\u6aa2\u8996\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u53ea\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u6703\u64c1\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8056\u795e\u771f\u5be6\u6027\ufe50\u5728\u795e\u8056\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u9818\u5c0e\u6587\u5316\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u601d\u60f3\ufe50\u53ea\u8981\u8a18\u8457\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6240\u6709\u795e\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u60f3\u601d\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u5927\u4e3b\u6d41\ufe55\u5b78\u8853\u4e3b\u7fa9(scholasticism)\ufe50\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9(mysticism)\u548c\u8056\u7d93\u4e3b\u7fa9(biblicism)\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u8005\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e92\u76f8\u62b5\u89f8\ufe50\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6642\ufe50\u63a1\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u91cd\u9ede\u7684\u9032\u8def\u3002\u5b78\u8853\u4e3b\u7fa9\u67b6\u69cb\u795e\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f37\u8abf\u500b\u4eba\u9748\u6027\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\ufe50\u800c\u8056\u7d93\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5247\u70ba\u524d\u5169\u8005\u80cc\u66f8\u3002 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\ufe50\u800c\u975e\u843d\u5728\u6559\u5b97\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u548c\u570b\u738b\u806f\u624b\ufe50\u767c\u52d5\u5b97\u6559\u9769\u547d\u7d50\u675f\u6559\u5ead\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u67b6\u69cb\u3002 \u5728\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u7236\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u6642\u671f\u76f8\u6bd4\ufe50\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u986f\u5f97\u9ed4\u7136\u5931\u8272\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6c92\u6709\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5275\u65b0\u7368\u5230\u7684\u65b0\u795e\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\ufe50\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u73fe\u6709\u795e\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\ufe50\u6df1\u5316\u6574\u7406\u878d\u5408\u5e0c\u81d8\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\ufe50\u5f98\u5f8a\u5728\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u8207\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e7e\u4f4d\u6bd4\u8f15\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002 Anselm of Canterbury\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f9b\u737b\u662f\u5617\u8a66\u63d0\u51fa\u795e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8ad6\u8a3c\ufe50\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u6c34\u5e73\u4f4e\u7684\u6559\u5f92\u9593\u5341\u5206\u6d41\u884c\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\u4e2d\u537b\u6210\u70ba\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u6559\u6750\u3002\u7576\u7136\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u770b\u5c11Anselm\ufe50\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\u4ee5\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4f86\u8aaa\ufe50\u5176\u5be6\u9084\u662f\u883b\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u601d\u60f3\u3002 Abelard de Paris\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u5617\u8a66\u7528\u7406\u6027\u53bb\u89e3\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4f55\u8b02\u5584\u60e1\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5584\u60e1\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6c7a\u5b9a\ufe50\u800c\u662f\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4eba\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\ufe50\u56e0\u4e9b\u7f6a\u5c31\u662f\u5e79\u9055\u80cc\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u4e8b\u6027\u3002 Bernard of Clairvaux\u5247\u525b\u525b\u76f8\u53cd\ufe50\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\ufe50\u8a8d\u70ba\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u6e90\u65bc\u7d93\u9a57\ufe50\u7d93\u9a57\u6e90\u65bc\u8056\u9748\u3002 Joachim of Floris\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u5967\u4e01\u65af\u53e4\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u54f2\u5b78\ufe50\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e09\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u671f\ufe50\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u671f\u662f\u820a\u7d04\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u6642\u671f\ufe50\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u6642\u671f\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6559\u6703\u6642\u671f\ufe50\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u4fee\u9053\u6642\u671f\u4e2d\ufe50\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u5c07\u6b78\u4f9d\u5929\u4e3b\ufe50\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u6559\u6703\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u3002 \u5728\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\ufe50\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u660e\u63a5\u89f8\u4e2d\u6771\u7684\u56de\u6559\u6587\u660e\ufe50\u5f9e\u65b0\u8a8d\u8b58\u5931\u843d\u4e86\u7684\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5967\u4e01\u65af\u53e4\u7d66\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u6d17\u79ae\ufe50\u7528\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u53bb\u89e3\u91cb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\ufe50Thomas Aquinas\u5247\u662f\u70ba\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u65bd\u6d17\u3002\u5967\u4e01\u65af\u53e4\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u5f9e\u795e\u800c\u4f86\ufe50\u795e\u8cdc\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u7406\u6027\ufe50\u4eba\u985e\u5f9e\u7406\u6027\u7522\u751f\u77e5\u8b58\u3002Thomas\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5247\u662f\u525b\u525b\u76f8\u53cd\ufe50\u842c\u7269\u7686\u5f9e\u795e\u800c\u4f86\ufe50\u4f46\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6e90\u65bc\u5c0d\u842c\u7269\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\ufe50\u4eba\u985e\u900f\u904e\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u66f4\u52a0\u8a8d\u8b58\u795e\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f9b\u737b\u8207Anselm\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\ufe50\u63d0\u51fa\u4e94\u500b\u63a8\u8ad6\u5617\u8a66\u8a3c\u660e\u795e\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7576\u7136\u4ee5\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\ufe50\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u8207Anselm\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\ufe50\u6210\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u660e\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u6559\u6750\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u8207Anselm\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\ufe50\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u4ee5\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\ufe50\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5247\u662f\u4ee5\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8ad6\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u795e\u5b78\u5916\ufe50Thomas\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7f8e\u5b78\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u4e2d\ufe50\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5c0d\u5f8c\u4e16\u4e5f\u6709\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 William of Ockham\u6700\u8457\u540d\u662f\u4ed6\u90a3\u628a\u5243\u5200\ufe50\u8a8d\u70ba\u63a8\u8ad6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u8d8a\u7cbe\u7c21\u8d8a\u6e96\u78ba\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u628a\u7c21\u55ae\u4e8b\u60c5\u8907\u96dc\u5316\u3002William\u7684\u539f\u610f\u662f\u63a8\u8ad6\u6559\u6703\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6b0a\u5a01\ufe50\u537b\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u5f8c\u4e16\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u5243\u5200\u628a\u795e\u5f9e\u73fe\u5be6\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5243\u6389\u3002 Meister Eckhart\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\ufe50\u5c07Thomas\u795e\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5be6\u8e10\u7d93\u9a57\u3002 \u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u671f\u5df1\u958b\u59cb\u919e\u91c0\ufe50\u82f1\u570b\u7684John Wyclif\u5df2\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u6539\u9769\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u96db\u5f62\ufe50\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u6539\u9769\u795e\u5b78\ufe50\u9664\u4e86\u99ac\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\u4eba\u8207\u795e\u7684\u65b0\u95dc\u4fc2\ufe50\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u901a\u904e\u6559\u6703\u3002\u96d6\u7136Wyclif\u5927\u529b\u6279\u8a55\u6559\u6703\u50b3\u7d71\ufe50\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6559\u6703\u5176\u5be6\u5c0d\u795e\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5f88\u958b\u653e\ufe50\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e26\u672a\u88ab\u5b9a\u70ba\u7570\u7aef\u53d7\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u773e\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u795e\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u9593\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u722d\u8b70\u3002 \u770b\u7f77\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\ufe50\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u7530\u7acb\u514b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u958b\u982d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\ufe50\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u9ed1\u6697\u58ae\u843d\ufe50\u77e5\u8b58\u767c\u5c55\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u6eef\u4e0d\u524d\u3002\u7d93\u6b77\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u8208\u8870\ufe50\u6b77\u53f2\u5728\u9019\u6642\u671f\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e73\u975c\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u53ea\u6709Thomas Aquinas\u4e00\u500b\u8457\u540d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\ufe50\u4f46\u5728\u4fee\u9662\u5167\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u81ea\u7531\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u5728\u773e\u591a\u7121\u540d\u795e\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\u555f\u8499\u54f2\u5b78\u5de8\u982d\u7684\u60f3\u601d\u7e2e\u5f71\ufe50\u6216\u672a\u7d93\u96d5\u7422\u6574\u5408\u7684\u96f6\u788e\u601d\u8003\u7247\u65b7\u3002","rel":"","context":"In 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