\u5f9e\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u9014\u5f91\u5f97\u4f86\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u639b\u6709\u4eba\ufe50\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u4fee\u6b63\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\u6839\u64da\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\ufe50\u82e5\u679c\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u7d93\u904e\u81ea\u7531\u8f49\u8b93\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u5fc5\u5b9a\u540c\u6a23\u4e4e\u5408\u516c\u7fa9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u628a\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u7dad\u6301\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u9019\u5c31\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\ufe50\u4ea6\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002Zoick\u4e0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u5fb5\u7a05\u7528\u4f86\u8ca0\u64d4\u516c\u5171\u958b\u652f\ufe50\u4f46\u4ed6\u53cd\u5c0d\u5fb5\u7a05\u7528\u4f5c\u52ab\u5bcc\u6fdf\u8ca7\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8f49\u79fb\u3002\u5411\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u6210\u679c\u62bd\u7a05\ufe50\u8207\u5f37\u8feb\u4e00\u500b\u52de\u52d5\u6c92\u6709\u5206\u5225\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f37\u8feb\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa9\u52d9\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u628a\u52de\u52d5\u6210\u679c\u8f49\u79fb\u7d66\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\ufe50\u90a3\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u6a23\u4e0d\u61c9\u62bd\u7a05\u5f37\u596a\u52de\u52d5\u6210\u679c\ufe50\u7528\u4f86\u8f49\u79fb\u7d66\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u984d\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u4f11\u9592\u7684\u81ea\u7531\ufe50\u82e5\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u5c0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u62bd\u7a05\ufe50\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u62bd\u53d6\u4f11\u9592\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6642\u9593\ufe50\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u8feb\u4eba\u6c11\u52de\u52d5\u6216\u5f37\u596a\u4eba\u6c11\u52de\u52d5\u7684\u6210\u679c\ufe50\u4fbf\u9055\u80cc\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u64c1\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u539f\u5247\ufe50\u8b93\u4eba\u7570\u5316\u9054\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\u5de5\u5177\ufe50\u6b63\u6b63\u72af\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6279\u8a55\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n
Rawls\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u7684\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u548c\u627f\u7e7c\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6709\u7570\ufe50\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5e36\u6709\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\ufe50\u597d\u904b\u6c23\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u61c9\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8981\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u5747\u5206\u624d\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002Zoick\u7528\u64c1\u6709\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u56de\u61c9\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u7236\u6bcd\u6709\u6b0a\u81ea\u7531\u8f49\u8b93\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7d66\u5b50\u5973\ufe50\u56e0\u6b64\u5b50\u5973\u627f\u7e7c\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5408\u4e4e\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u8207\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2.\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4efd\u4f48\u8207\u5229\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u95dc\u4fc2\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u6070\u597d\u8207\u5229\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u6709\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\ufe50\u5305\u62ec\u5747\u5206\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5747\u5206\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7576\u7136Rawls\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5747\u5206\u8ca1\u5bcc\u662f\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u4eba\u6191\u5929\u8ce6\u7372\u5f97\u984d\u591a\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\ufe50\u8981\u5747\u5206\u8ca1\u5bcc\u624d\u516c\u5e73\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e00\u4f86\u5c31\u72af\u4e86\u4e5e\u6c42\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u662f\u8ddf\u64da\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\ufe50\u82e5\u67d0\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u6771\u897f\ufe50\u800c\u4ed6\u53d6\u5f97\u9019\u6771\u897f\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u6c92\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u6a23\ufe50\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u6771\u897f\ufe50\u4ed6\u90a3\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u5f9e\u9019\u6771\u897f\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002\u7adf\u7136\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\ufe50\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u64c1\u6709\u5f9e\u4ed6\u6750\u80fd\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u96d6\u7136Zoick\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u53cd\u5c0d\u4ee5\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u4f46\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u6b77\u53f2\u907a\u7559\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5305\u4f0f\ufe50\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5728\u73fe\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u7406\u64da\u3002\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u662f\u904e\u6e21\u6027\u8cea\ufe50\u7576\u4fee\u6b63\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u5f8c\ufe50\u76f2\u76ee\u8ffd\u6c42\u5747\u5206\u4e26\u4e0d\u5408\u4e4e\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n
Reference:
\nDistributive Justince – Robert Nozick<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
John Rawls\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u8ad6\u4e2d\ufe50\u63d0\u51fa\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u539f\u5247\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u4e0b\ufe50\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u6cd5\ufe50\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5927\u524d\u984c\u4e0b\ufe50\u8ca1\u5bcc\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u76e1\u91cf\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u3002Robert Zoick\u5247\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u516c\u7fa9\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\ufe50\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4f5c\u8861\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u4ee5\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u53bb\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u6709\u76f2\u9ede\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u5929\u4e0a\u6389\u4e0b\u4f86\ufe50\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u7b49\u8457\u653f\u5e9c\u53bb\u5206\u914d\u3002\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5f9e\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\ufe50\u4fbf\u5df1\u7d93\u5c6c\u65bc\u5275\u9020\u8005\u6240\u64c1\u6709\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u96a8\u610f\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u539f\u5247\ufe55 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\u96d6\u7136Zoick\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u53cd\u5c0d\u4ee5\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u4f46\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u6b77\u53f2\u907a\u7559\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5305\u4f0f\ufe50\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5728\u73fe\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u7406\u64da\u3002\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u662f\u904e\u6e21\u6027\u8cea\ufe50\u7576\u4fee\u6b63\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u5f8c\ufe50\u76f2\u76ee\u8ffd\u6c42\u5747\u5206\u4e26\u4e0d\u5408\u4e4e\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u3002 Reference: Distributive Justince – Robert Nozick<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"lc_iscn_info":[],"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[929,997],"class_list":["post-2197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-_philosophy","tag-_philosophy","tag-997"],"yoast_head":"\n
\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6 - PHIL320\u7b46\u8a18 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"John Rawls\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u8ad6\u4e2d\ufe50\u63d0\u51fa\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u539f\u5247\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u4e0b\ufe50\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u6cd5\ufe50\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5927\u524d\u984c\u4e0b\ufe50\u8ca1\u5bcc\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u76e1\u91cf\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u3002Robert\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/03\/15\/\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6-phil320-political-philosophy-\u8b80\u66f8\u7b46\u8a18\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\ufe50\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u8cc7\u6e90\u6700\u521d\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0aNozick\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u6b21\u904e\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u5206\u914d\u904e\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u4f5c\u51fa\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7559\u610f\u4e00\u9ede\u662fNozick\u5c0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\ufe50\u8207Rawls\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u540c\u3002Rawls\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u5747\u5206\ufe50Nozick\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u3002 \u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6 (Self-Ownership Argument) \u9996\u5148\u6211\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e3b\u6b0a\ufe50\u4e0d\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\ufe50\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u64c1\u6709\u6211\u7684\u6750\u5e79\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u64c1\u6709\u7528\u6211\u7684\u6750\u5e79\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u5f37\u5236\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6211\u5c31\u8981\u4ea4\u51fa\u6211\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53bb\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\ufe50\u90a3\u6a23\u6211\u5c31\u6dea\u70ba\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u8ca1\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u800c\u628a\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u50f9\u503c\u4e0d\u4e4e\u5408\u9053\u5fb7\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5f31\u9ede\ufe50\u662f\u5ffd\u8996\u55ae\u55ae\u6750\u5e79\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u751f\u7522\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4eba\u8eab\u500b\u9ad4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7522\u696d\ufe50\u5982\u571f\u5730\u6216\u751f\u7522\u516c\u5177\u7b49\u3002\u8981\u78ba\u7acb\u9019\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\ufe50\u5247\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u64c1\u6709\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u96a8\u8457\u77e5\u8b58\u578b\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u578b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\ufe50\u8cc7\u6e90\u751f\u7522\u5c0d\u5916\u5728\u7522\u696d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6e1b\u5c11\ufe50\u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u3002 David Gautheir\u5247\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u5165\u624b\ufe50\u53bb\u627e\u51fa\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u64da\u3002\u4ed6\u8207Rawls\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\ufe50\u662f\u4ed6\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u5929\u751f\u6750\u80fd\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6750\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\ufe50\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8b70\u50f9\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5951\u7d04\ufe50\u9664\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e5f\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u722d\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u76ca\u8655\u5916\ufe50\u9084\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u884c\ufe50\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u7d19\u4e0a\u8ac7\u5175\u3002\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\ufe50\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6e90\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u76ca\u8655\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u53ea\u5c0d\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u4eba\u6709\u76ca\u8655\ufe50\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5be6\u884c\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5011\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u8b70\u50f9\u80fd\u529b\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u3002 \u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50Gautheir\u56de\u61c9\u4ed6\u5011\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6709\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u6191\u7a7a\u8b8a\u51fa\u4f86\u7121\u4e2d\u751f\u6709\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7b35\u570d\ufe50\u6d89\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u63a2\u8a0e\u9053\u5fb7\u5f9e\u4f86\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5047\u5b9a\u516c\u7fa9\u662f\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\ufe50\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u5047\u5b9a\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0d\u80fd\u9055\u53cd\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u8aaa\u8aaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u8208\u8d77\ufe50\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672a\u958b\u59cb\u672a\u843d\u7684\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u652f\u6301\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u8a8d\u70ba\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u5e6b\u52a9\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u8981\u5e6b\u52a9\u7aae\u4eba\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u8b93\u7aae\u4eba\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u624d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6307\u51fa\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u990a\u61f6\u4eba\ufe50\u990a\u6210\u7aae\u4eba\u4f9d\u8cf4\u798f\u5229\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u65bd\u653f\u80fd\u529b\ufe50\u798f\u5229\u653f\u7b56\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u56b4\u91cd\u5931\u8aa4\ufe50\u751a\u81f3\u8d8a\u5e6b\u8d8a\u5dee\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u6709\u73fe\u5be6\u6578\u64da\u652f\u6301\ufe50\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u7121\u8996\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002","rel":"","context":"In "\u54f2\u5b78"","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4292,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","url_meta":{"origin":2197,"position":1},"title":"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78","author":"hevangel","date":"May 3, 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u554f\u6211\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\ufe56\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u898b\u5169\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6539\u7684\u65b0\u805e\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u5230\u66f8\u5230\u7528\u4e8b\u65b9\u6068\u5c11\ufe50\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u5411\u6b6a\u7406\u8aaa\u4e0d\u3002\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6881\u68cd\u6881\u71d5\u57ce\u5728\u4fe1\u5831\u4e82\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u523b\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u80cc\u66f8\ufe50\u505a\u4e2d\u5171\u8d70\u72d7\u6587\u5ba3\u6253\u624b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u7834\u58de\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u58de\u5148\u4f8b\u3002 \u8b80\u904e\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\u7684\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u6881\u68cd\u4e82\u7528Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u4e26\u975e\u7528\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u5c11\u6578\u5bcc\u5546\u6b0a\u8cb4\ufe50\u800c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5f31\u5c0f\u8005\u3002\u672c\u4f86Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u8207\u63a8\u884c\u90a3\u500b\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\u8b70\u5e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u5e9c\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u7528\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u6703\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u3002\u5728\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u5e95\u4e0b\ufe50\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4f86\u4f86\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\ufe50\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u6703\u662f\u5bcc\u5546\u6216\u662f\u7aae\u4eba\ufe50\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u6709\u591a\u5f35\u5c08\u696d\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u53ea\u5728\u5206\u5340\u76f4\u9078\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6295\u7968\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9078\u7968\u5f71\u97ff\u8b70\u5e2d\ufe50\u800c\u8b70\u5e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u53c8\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u7528\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6301\u7684\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u53bb\u4f30\u8a08\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u76f4\u9078\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\ufe50\u800c\u9078\u5340\u8b70\u5e2d\u53c8\u6309\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5283\u4efd\ufe50\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u8b70\u5e2d\u7684\u9078\u6c11\ufe50\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u76f4\u9078\u7684\u9078\u7968\u5916\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u591a\u4e00\u5f35\u529f\u80fd\u8b70\u5e2d\u7684\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u52a0\u4e0a\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u9078\u6c11\u4eba\u6578\u5341\u5206\u5c11\ufe50\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e0b\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4fbf\u6709\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u7684\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002Rawls\u8a8d\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u6700\u4fdd\u96aa\u7684\u7b56\u7565(max-min strategy)\ufe50\u5047\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u6703\u5e78\u904b\u751f\u70ba\u529f\u80fd\u9078\u5225\u9078\u6c11\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6975\u591a\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\ufe50\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u6709\u5206\u5340\u76f4\u9078\u4e00\u7968\u7684\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\ufe50\u53ea\u5c11\u5bcc\u4eba\u7aae\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\ufe50\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u5167\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u8072\u97f3\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u8b70\u54e1\u9a0e\u52ab\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u4eca\u65e5\u4f86\u6211\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u6709\u5831\u7d19\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u99c1\u6881\u68cd\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u70baRawl\u5e73\u53cd\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u5e02\u6c11\u8b80\u4e86\u6881\u68cd\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u958b\u5c71\u9f3b\u7956\u7adf\u7136\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\ufe50Rawls\u6cc9\u4e0b\u6709\u77e5\ufe50\u5fc5\u7136\u6c23\u5f97\u68fa\u6750\u53cd\u8f49\ufe50\u505a\u9b3c\u4e5f\u4e0a\u4f86\u627e\u6881\u68cd\u7b97\u8cec\u3002 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\u6211\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u5831\u7ae0\u4e0a\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\ufe50\u6709\u4eba\u61c9\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\ufe50\u96e3\u9053\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u51b7\u9580\u5f97\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u8b80\u55ce\ufe56\u539f\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u904e\u773c\u4e0d\u5410\u4e0d\u5feb\ufe50\u5f88\u60f3\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5404\u5beb\u4e00\u7bc7\u9577\u6587\u4ee5\u6b63\u8996\u807d\ufe50\u70ba\u9999\u6e2f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7565\u76e1\u4e00\u9ede\u7dbf\u529b\ufe50\u53ef\u60dc\u73fe\u5728\u8eab\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5de5\u5e79\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u6642\u9593\u7d30\u60f3\u56b4\u7dca\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u53ea\u80fd\u5c31\u5728\u6b64\u5beb\u5169\u5c0f\u6bb5\u6feb\u828b\u5145\u6578\ufe50\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u62cb\u78da\u5f15\u7389\ufe50\u5438\u5f15\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u9ad8\u4eba\u51fa\u624b\ufe50\u5f9e\u5b78\u8853\u5236\u9ad8\u9ede\u767c\u70ae\u64ca\u5012\u6881\u68cd\u548c\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u6b6a\u7406\u3002","rel":"","context":"In "\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf"","block_context":{"text":"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_society\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":639,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/%e6%b7%ba%e8%ab%96%e9%a6%ac%e5%85%8b%e6%80%9d%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9-marxism\/","url_meta":{"origin":2197,"position":2},"title":"\u6dfa\u8ad6\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Marxism)","author":"hevangel","date":"December 20, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"\u81ea\u5f9e\u8607\u806f\u89e3\u9ad4\ufe50\u6771\u6b50\u8b8a\u5929\ufe50\u4e2d\u570b\u8d70\u8cc7\u5f8c\ufe50\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u70ba\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5df2\u7d93\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5b78\u9662\u6d3e\u88f9\u537b\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u80ce\u6210\u70ba\u5206\u6790\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Analytical 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Hayek","author":"hevangel","date":"September 22, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"\u64da\u8aaa\u5728\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u5831\u793e\u7684\u5927\u5802\u6709\u4e09\u5c0a\u9285\u50cf\ufe50\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u9999\u6e2f\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u8cf4\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u7cfb\ufe50\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u53f8\u90ed\u4f2f\u5049(John J. Cowperthwaite)\ufe50\u4efb\u5167\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u884c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7a4d\u6975\u4e0d\u5e72\u9810\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u662f\u53bb\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u5e2b\u4f5b\u5229\u6c11(Milton Friedman),\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9810\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u5247\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6d77\u8036\u514b(Freidich A. Hayek)\ufe50\u70ba\u53cd\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u96c6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5beb\u4e0b\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u3002 \u300c\u81ea\u7531\u5230\u8def\u5f79\u4e4b\u8def\u300d 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"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf"","block_context":{"text":"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_society\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/08\/rd2serf.jpg?fit=400%2C609&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":9345,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/15\/the-price-of-inequality-joseph-stiglitz\/","url_meta":{"origin":2197,"position":4},"title":"The Price of Inequality – Joseph Stiglitz","author":"hevangel","date":"October 15, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"We have created an economy and a society in which great wealth is amassed through rent seeking \u4e0d\u60a3\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u800c\u60a3\u4e0d\u516c \u4f54\u9818\u83ef\u723e\u8857\u300c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u662f99%\u300d\u9019\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u6e90\u65bcJoseph Stiglitz\u65bc\u300a\u540d\u5229\u5834\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3008Of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1%\u3009\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u76841%\u4eba\uff0c\u4f54\u6709\u903e\u56db\u6210\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u6d3b\u5728\u300c\u5805\u96e2\u5730\u300d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed699%\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u812b\u7bc0\u3002\u5e73\u5e38\u5de6\u7ffc\u4efd\u5b50\u6279\u8a55\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\uff0c\u8a34\u8aaa\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\uff0c\u6253\u5012\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5c11\u81ea\u547d\u4e2d\u7522\u4eba\u4ed5\u807d\u4e0d\u5165\u8033\u3002\u4eca\u6b21\u7531\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u717d\u60c5\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u6539\u4ee5\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u8feb\u4ee4\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u8996\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u4e4b\u5f0a\u3002\u300aThe Price of Inequality\u300b\u662f1%\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7533\u5ef6\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002 \u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u4e00\u5411\u4ee5meritocracy\u81ea\u8c6a\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5922\u8207\u7345\u5b50\u5c71\u7cbe\u795e\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u6df1\u4fe1\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u624d\u5e79\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u98db\u9ec3\u9a30\u9054\u3002\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u5922\u788e\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u505c\u6eef\u4e0d\u524d\uff0c\u5931\u696d\u7387\u9577\u671f\u9ad8\u4f0110%\uff0c\u4e2d\u7522\u840e\u7e2e\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u66f4\u8da8\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u3002\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u975e\u58de\u4e8b\uff0c\u82e5\u5e02\u5834\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u56de\u5831\u6309\u751f\u7522\u529b\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u591a\u7522\u591a\u5f97\u5f88\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u90a31%\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u975e\u4f86\u81ea\u9ad8\u751f\u7522\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u5c0b\u79df(renk seeking)\u3002\u5c0b\u79df\u662f\u6307\u4f9b\u7d66\u5f48\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u8d85\u984d\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c08\u71df\u58df\u65b7\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5c0b\u79df\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u5b9a\u5546\u865f\u624d\u80fd\u7d93\u71df\u67d0\u751f\u610f\u3002\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u50f9\u683c\u9ad8\u4f01\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u9322\u4fbf\u5f9e\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u53e3\u888b\u8f49\u79fb\u81f3\u5546\u5bb6\u624b\u4e0a\u3002\u7562\u7adf\u7f8e\u570b\u662f\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5982\u6b64\u8d64\u797c\u5730\u525d\u524a\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5c0b\u79df\u8b8a\u5f97\u8907\u96dc\u96b1\u8aa8\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7f8e\u5176\u540d\u6253\u8457\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\u3002 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Reference: Superseding Historic Injustice - Jeremy Waldron","rel":"","context":"In 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