{"id":3708,"date":"2009-10-25T22:59:42","date_gmt":"2009-10-26T06:59:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=3708"},"modified":"2009-10-25T22:59:42","modified_gmt":"2009-10-26T06:59:42","slug":"education-in-the-arab-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/10\/25\/education-in-the-arab-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Education in the Arab world"},"content":{"rendered":"

\nI wonder which one is more anti-intellectual, Marxism brainwash propaganda in the old communism era or the compulsory Muslim clergy education in nowadays Middle-East. Force feed religion or political ideology to school children will only make dumber when they grow up.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/p>\n

Oct 15th 2009 – The Economist
\nOne reason that too many Arabs are poor is rotten education<\/p>\n

A RECENT issue of Science, the weekly journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, was devoted to research into \u201cArdi\u201d or Ardipithecus ramidus, a 4.4m-year-old hominid species whose discovery deepens the understanding of human evolution. These latest studies suggest, among other things, that rather than descending from a closely related species such as the chimpanzee, the hominid branch parted earlier than previously thought from the common ancestral tree.<\/p>\n

In much of the Arab world, coverage of the research took a different spin. \u201cAmerican Scientists Debunk Darwin\u201d, exclaimed the headline in al-Masry al-Youm, Egypt\u2019s leading independent daily. \u201cArdi Refutes Darwin\u2019s Theory\u201d, chimed the website of al-Jazeera, the region\u2019s most-watched television channel. Scores of comments from readers celebrated this news as a blow to Western materialism and a triumph for Islam. Two or three lonely readers wrote in to complain that the report had inaccurately presented the findings of the research.<\/p>\n

The response to Ardi\u2019s unearthing was not surprising. According to surveys, barely a third of Egyptian adults have ever heard of Charles Darwin and just 8% think there is any evidence to back his famous theory. Teachers, who might be expected to know better, seem equally sceptical. In a survey of nine Egyptian state schools, where Darwin\u2019s ideas do form part of the curriculum for 15-year-olds, not one of more than 30 science teachers interviewed believed them to be true. At a private university in the United Arab Emirates, only 15% of the faculty thought there was good evidence to support evolution.<\/p>\n

The strength of religious belief among Arabs partly explains their reluctance to accept the facts of evolution. Until recent reforms, state primary schools in Saudi Arabia devoted 31% of classroom time to religion, compared with just 20% for mathematics and science. A quarter of the kingdom\u2019s university students devote the main part of their degree course to Islamic studies, more than in engineering, medicine and science put together. And despite changes to Saudi curriculums, religious study remains obligatory every year from primary school through to university.<\/p>\n

Such choices carry a cost that goes beyond ignorance of Darwin. Arab countries now spend as much or more on education, as a share of GDP, than the world average. They have made great strides in eradicating illiteracy, boosting university enrolment and reducing gaps in education between the sexes.<\/p>\n

But the gap in the quality of education between Arabs and other people at a similar level of development is still frightening. It is one reason why Arab countries suffer unusually high rates of youth unemployment. According to a recent study by a team of Egyptian economists, the lack of skills in the workforce largely explains why a decade of fast economic growth has failed to lift more people out of poverty.<\/p>\n

The most rigorous comparative study of education systems, a survey called Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) that comes out every four years, revealed in its latest report, in 2007, that out of 48 countries tested, all 12 participating Arab countries fell below the average. More disturbingly, less than 1% of students aged 12-13 in ten Arab countries reached an advanced benchmark in science, compared with 32% in Singapore and 10% in the United States. Only one Arab country, Jordan, scored above the international average, with 5% of its 13-year-olds reaching the advanced category.<\/p>\n

Other comparative measures are equally alarming. A listing of the world\u2019s top 500 universities, compiled annually by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, includes three South African and six Israeli universities, but not a single Arab one. The Swiss-based World Economic Forum ranks Egypt a modest 70th out of 133 countries in competitiveness, but in terms of the quality of its primary education system and its mathematics-and-science teaching, it slumps to 124th. Libya, despite an income of $16,000 a head, ranks an even more dismal 128th in the quality of its higher education, lower than dirt-poor Burkina Faso, with an average income of $577.<\/p>\n

Well aware that their school systems are doing badly, Arab governments have been scrambling to improve. In an attempt to leapfrog the slow process of curriculum reform and teacher training, many have taken the easy route of encouraging private schools. In Qatar, for instance, the share of students in private education leapt from 30% to more than 60% between 1999 and 2006, according to the UN\u2019s Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). Syria has licensed some 20 private universities since 2001; 14 are up and running. Yet their total enrolment is dwarfed by the 200,000 at state-run Damascus University alone. Oil-rich monarchies in the Gulf have spent lavishly to lure Western academies to their shores, but these branch universities are struggling to find qualified students to fill their splendidly equipped classrooms.<\/p>\n

Not to be outdone, Saudi Arabia has launched King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), a city-sized institution with an endowment of $20 billion. Intended as an oasis of academic excellence, it enjoys an independent board and is the kingdom\u2019s only co-educational institution. This augurs well for the Saudi elite, but one fancy new university will do little to lift the overall standard of Saudi education. And it has been attacked by religious conservatives. A senior cleric who decried the mixing of sexes at KAUST, declaring that its textbooks should be reviewed by religious scholars, was forced to resign from government office. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I wonder which one is more anti-intellectual, Marxism brainwash propaganda in the old communism era or the compulsory Muslim clergy education in nowadays Middle-East. Force feed religion or political ideology to school children will only make dumber when they grow up.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"lc_iscn_info":[],"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[15],"tags":[40],"class_list":["post-3708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-_newsclips","tag-muslim"],"yoast_head":"\nEducation in the Arab world - 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Science and technology is always the answer to environmental problems. Nov 26th 2009, The Economist A genetically engineered bacterium makes a greener plastic ONE of the most promising alternatives to plastics made from oil is polylactic\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "News Clips"","block_context":{"text":"News Clips","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_reference\/_newsclips\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":438,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/06\/25\/muslim-chinese-resturant\/","url_meta":{"origin":3708,"position":1},"title":"Muslim chinese resturant","author":"hevangel","date":"June 25, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"In Vancouver, there is a chinse resturant opened by Muslim. It used to located at Main St. Recently it moved to Victoira St. and 41 Ave and changed its name to Ma's resturant. 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The nature of Muslim\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Daily Scribble"","block_context":{"text":"Daily Scribble","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_scribble\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2958,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/05\/20\/animal-welfare-catheter-and-mouse\/","url_meta":{"origin":3708,"position":3},"title":"Animal welfare, Catheter and mouse","author":"hevangel","date":"May 20, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Human first, animal second. It is acceptable to regulate animal experiment for better efficiency, but we should not stop animal experiment because animal suffers, as long as it brings benefits to mankind. May 7th 2009 From The Economist print edition Sharing information on failed animal experiments would help both scientists\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "News Clips"","block_context":{"text":"News Clips","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_reference\/_newsclips\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2503,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/02\/19\/whats-cooking\/","url_meta":{"origin":3708,"position":4},"title":"What’s cooking?","author":"hevangel","date":"February 19, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"If human is defined by our ability to cook and to eat meat, are raw vegan still human? Feb 19th 2009 | CHICAGO From The Economist print edition The evolutionary role of cookery Mary Evans YOU are what you eat, or so the saying goes. 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