{"id":3990,"date":"2010-01-23T21:57:51","date_gmt":"2010-01-24T05:57:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/01\/23\/driven-to-distraction\/"},"modified":"2010-01-23T21:57:56","modified_gmt":"2010-01-24T05:57:56","slug":"driven-to-distraction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/01\/23\/driven-to-distraction\/","title":{"rendered":"Driven to distraction"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mr. Pink is dead wrong. Intrinsic rewards and the pleasure gain from doing a job well only comes if the job is paid well. You will simply feel ripped off if you are not rewarded accordingly.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/p>\n

Jan 14th 2010, The Economist
\nTwo and a half cheers for sticks and carrots<\/p>\n

THIS is bonus season in the financial world. That means, of course, that it is bonus-bashing season everywhere else. The righteously outraged have no shortage of arguments on their side, from the mind-boggling size of the bonuses to the fact that the banks were recently rescued with public money. But if they want to mix a bit of theory with their spleen they now have a book to help them: Daniel Pink\u2019s \u201cDrive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us\u201d. It seems that bankers are not just slaves to greed. They are also slaves to a discredited management theory: the idea that the best way to motivate people is to use performance-related rewards.<\/p>\n

Mr Pink\u2019s argument is hardly new. Eminent management theorists have been dismissing payment-by-results as simplistic and mechanical ever since Frederick Taylor tried to turn it into the cornerstone of scientific management in the early 20th century. But Mr Pink\u2019s book is nevertheless well-timed. The widespread fury about bonuses is sparking a wider debate about the way bankers and other lavishly remunerated people are paid. \u201cDrive\u201d is a decent summary of the anti-Taylorist school of thinking. And Mr Pink, once Al Gore\u2019s chief speechwriter and now a prolific management writer, is a highly motivated self-publicist.<\/p>\n

Mr Pink argues that the rich world is in the middle of a management revolution, from \u201cmotivation 2.0\u201d to \u201cmotivation 3.0\u201d (1.0 in this schema was prehistoric times, when people were motivated mainly by the fear of being eaten by wild animals). In the age of routine production it made sense for organisations to rely on sticks and carrots or \u201cextrinsic motivators\u201d, as he calls them. But today, with routine jobs being outsourced or automated, it makes more sense to rely on \u201cintrinsic rewards\u201d, or the pleasure we gain from doing a job well. Look at the success of collaborative marvels such as Wikipedia, Firefox or Linux, which were created by volunteers. Or look at the rise of social entrepreneurs or the movement to promote \u201clow-profit\u201d limited-liability firms.<\/p>\n

Mr Pink argues that carrots and sticks are not only outdated, but can also be counterproductive\u2014motivation killers and creativity dampeners. Paying people to give blood actually reduces the number who are willing to do so. Providing managers with financial rewards can encourage them to game the system or, even worse, to engage in reckless behaviour.<\/p>\n

So how should firms motivate people? Mr Pink argues that the answer is to give them more control over their own lives and thus allow them to draw on their deep inner wells of diligence and drive. Software companies such as Atlassian and\u2014of course\u2014Google are giving workers time to pursue their own projects. Even low-tech firms such as Whole Foods and Best Buy are giving people more control over how and with whom they work.<\/p>\n

How convincing is all this? Mr Pink insists that all he is doing is bringing the light of science to bear on management: \u201cThere\u2019s been a mismatch between what science knows and what business does.\u201d But this argument depends on a highly selective reading of the academic literature. Four reviews of research on the subject from the 1980s onwards have all come to the same conclusion: that pay-for-performance can increase productivity dramatically. A study of an American glass-installation company, for example, found that shifting from salaries to individual incentives increased productivity by 44%. More recent research on workers at a Chinese electronics factory also confirms that performance-related pay (especially the threat of losing income) is an excellent motivator (see article).<\/p>\n

Linking pay to performance does not just increase motivation. It also helps to recruit and retain the most talented. The world\u2019s brightest students are overwhelmingly attracted to organisations that make extensive use of performance-related rewards such as partnerships and share options. Firms are adept at using these rewards to encourage long-term loyalty: people work in the salt mines for years in the hope of becoming partners or senior managers. Companies that eschew extrinsic rewards risk lumbering themselves with sluggish dullards.
\nSelf-determined to do better<\/p>\n

What about Mr Pink\u2019s other worries, about creativity and \u201cself-determination\u201d? It is certainly true that creative people value the intrinsic things in life. But an enthusiasm for intrinsic rewards can go hand in hand with a taste for extrinsic gain. American universities attract star professors from all around the world by the simple expedient of paying them lots of money. Successful writers employ agents to get the highest possible advances (Mr Pink himself probably hopes to make some money from his book). Creative centres such as Hollywood and Silicon Valley are also hotbeds of payment-by-results. It is true that some of the world\u2019s best companies are putting more emphasis on \u201cpurpose\u201d. But it is quite possible to mix this with pay-for-performance; indeed, companies that Mr Pink lauds, such as Google and Whole Foods, are highly skilled at using sticks and carrots.<\/p>\n

All this suggests that Mr Pink has it backwards: far from abandoning sticks and carrots organisations are making ever more use of them. Companies are keener than ever on holding bosses\u2019 feet to the fire by linking their pay to performance through stock options and the like and on firing them if they fail. But they are also trying to widen pay differentials further down the organisation: about 90% of American firms use merit pay, for example.<\/p>\n

There is no doubt that sticks and carrots can be badly used. They can encourage risky behaviour, as they have in the banking system, or persuade policemen to focus on minor traffic infractions rather than violent criminals, as they have in Britain. But properly managed they can be immensely powerful tools for boosting productivity and attracting the right people. For all the battering he has taken over the past hundred years, Frederick Taylor still has the edge over his critics.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div>\n

<\/more><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mr. Pink is dead wrong. Intrinsic rewards and the pleasure gain from doing a job well only comes if the job is paid well. You will simply feel ripped off if you are not rewarded accordingly. Jan 14th 2010, The Economist Two and a half cheers for sticks and carrots THIS is bonus season in … Continue reading Driven to distraction<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"lc_iscn_info":[],"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[436,462],"class_list":["post-3990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-_newsclips","tag-economists","tag-work"],"yoast_head":"\nDriven to distraction - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mr. Pink is dead wrong. 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The original intention of paying tips is to reward good service. However, tipping slowly deviated from its original intention and no longer correlate to the service level. Most people\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Daily Scribble"","block_context":{"text":"Daily Scribble","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_scribble\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5654,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2011\/08\/07\/history-of-work-ethic\/","url_meta":{"origin":3990,"position":1},"title":"History of Work Ethic","author":"hevangel","date":"August 7, 2011","format":false,"excerpt":"I like Plato's idea that wisdom is directly proportion the amount of leisure time a person has. To Plato, leisure does not mean indulge yourself in brainless entertainment, it means time for thinking and exercise of the mind. When my week is too busy for me to think and reflect,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "News Clips"","block_context":{"text":"News Clips","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_reference\/_newsclips\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1926,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2008\/07\/22\/ineffective-incentive\/","url_meta":{"origin":3990,"position":2},"title":"Ineffective incentive","author":"hevangel","date":"July 22, 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"Today we have our department quarterly update.\u00a0 The director flew in town to give us overview of how the department is doing.\u00a0 My project is the only project in the department, so it has very high profile and no room to fail.\u00a0 Thanks to the stupid decision of close down\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Daily Scribble"","block_context":{"text":"Daily Scribble","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_scribble\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1047,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/31\/new-year-resolution-2007\/","url_meta":{"origin":3990,"position":3},"title":"New Year Resolution 2007","author":"hevangel","date":"December 31, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Last year was the first time I wrote new year resolution. Looking back last year, I am surprised to find that I have accomplished most of my goals set in my new year resolution. Writing a new year resolution is a very effective way to motivate myself into action, since\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Daily Scribble"","block_context":{"text":"Daily Scribble","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_scribble\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2909,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/05\/14\/game-theory\/","url_meta":{"origin":3990,"position":4},"title":"Game theory","author":"hevangel","date":"May 14, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"This term instead of taking a philosophy course, I am taking a economics course, game theory. Technically, I am not taking a course, I did not register. I am just going to the lecture to audit the course off the record. It is one of those huge lecture with over\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Daily Scribble"","block_context":{"text":"Daily Scribble","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_scribble\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2393,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2007\/08\/31\/don-marquis%e2%80%99s-view-on-the-morality-of-abortion\/","url_meta":{"origin":3990,"position":5},"title":"\u54f2\u5b78\u529f\u8ab2: Don Marquis\u2019s view on the Morality of Abortion","author":"hevangel","date":"August 31, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"In Don Marquis\u2019 paper \u201cAn Argument that Abortion is Wrong\u201d, he argues abortion is morally wrong for the same reason as murder. His argument is different from the standard pro-life argument that stress that the fetus is both human and alive, therefore the fetus has right to life. By using\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "\u54f2\u5b78"","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3990"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3991,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3990\/revisions\/3991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}