{"id":4292,"date":"2010-05-03T10:19:05","date_gmt":"2010-05-03T18:19:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=4292"},"modified":"2016-06-02T23:18:04","modified_gmt":"2016-06-03T07:18:04","slug":"%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11296\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/1-jpg\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"559,380\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;6.3&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Jacky Ko&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS-1D X&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1429179840&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;APvideophoto.net&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;40&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1250&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.004&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"1-jpg\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=474%2C322&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg-300x204.jpg?resize=300%2C204\" alt=\"1-jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?resize=300%2C204&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?resize=150%2C102&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?resize=400%2C272&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?w=559&amp;ssl=1 559w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u554f\u6211\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\ufe56\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u898b\u5169\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6539\u7684\u65b0\u805e\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u5230\u66f8\u5230\u7528\u4e8b\u65b9\u6068\u5c11\ufe50\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u5411\u6b6a\u7406\u8aaa\u4e0d\u3002\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6881\u68cd\u6881\u71d5\u57ce\u5728\u4fe1\u5831\u4e82\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u523b\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u80cc\u66f8\ufe50\u505a\u4e2d\u5171\u8d70\u72d7\u6587\u5ba3\u6253\u624b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u7834\u58de\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u58de\u5148\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b80\u904e\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\u7684\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u6881\u68cd\u4e82\u7528Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u4e26\u975e\u7528\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u5c11\u6578\u5bcc\u5546\u6b0a\u8cb4\ufe50\u800c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5f31\u5c0f\u8005\u3002\u672c\u4f86Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u8207\u63a8\u884c\u90a3\u500b\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\u8b70\u5e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u5e9c\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u7528\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u6703\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u3002\u5728\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u5e95\u4e0b\ufe50\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4f86\u4f86\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\ufe50\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u6703\u662f\u5bcc\u5546\u6216\u662f\u7aae\u4eba\ufe50\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u6709\u591a\u5f35\u5c08\u696d\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u53ea\u5728\u5206\u5340\u76f4\u9078\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6295\u7968\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9078\u7968\u5f71\u97ff\u8b70\u5e2d\ufe50\u800c\u8b70\u5e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u53c8\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u7528\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6301\u7684\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u53bb\u4f30\u8a08\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u76f4\u9078\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\ufe50\u800c\u9078\u5340\u8b70\u5e2d\u53c8\u6309\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5283\u4efd\ufe50\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u8b70\u5e2d\u7684\u9078\u6c11\ufe50\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u76f4\u9078\u7684\u9078\u7968\u5916\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u591a\u4e00\u5f35\u529f\u80fd\u8b70\u5e2d\u7684\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u52a0\u4e0a\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u9078\u6c11\u4eba\u6578\u5341\u5206\u5c11\ufe50\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e0b\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4fbf\u6709\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u7684\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002Rawls\u8a8d\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u6700\u4fdd\u96aa\u7684\u7b56\u7565(max-min strategy)\ufe50\u5047\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u6703\u5e78\u904b\u751f\u70ba\u529f\u80fd\u9078\u5225\u9078\u6c11\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6975\u591a\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\ufe50\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u6709\u5206\u5340\u76f4\u9078\u4e00\u7968\u7684\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\ufe50\u53ea\u5c11\u5bcc\u4eba\u7aae\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\ufe50\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u5167\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u8072\u97f3\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u8b70\u54e1\u9a0e\u52ab\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u4eca\u65e5\u4f86\u6211\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u6709\u5831\u7d19\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u99c1\u6881\u68cd\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u70baRawl\u5e73\u53cd\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u5e02\u6c11\u8b80\u4e86\u6881\u68cd\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u958b\u5c71\u9f3b\u7956\u7adf\u7136\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\ufe50Rawls\u6cc9\u4e0b\u6709\u77e5\ufe50\u5fc5\u7136\u6c23\u5f97\u68fa\u6750\u53cd\u8f49\ufe50\u505a\u9b3c\u4e5f\u4e0a\u4f86\u627e\u6881\u68cd\u7b97\u8cec\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u5831\u7ae0\u6216\u7db2\u8a55\u751a\u81f3\u5546\u53f0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6642\u4e8b\u8a55\u8ad6\u4eba\ufe50\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u5546\u53f0\u5728\u7834\u58de\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u591a\u53ea\u662f\u796d\u51fa\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u5927\u65d7\ufe50\u537b\u59cb\u7d42\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u4e2d\u5730\u8aaa\u51fa\u5546\u53f0\u5728\u5546\u8a00\u5546\u8ce3\u6642\u6bb5\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u5c0d\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\ufe50Mill\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb9\u8a31\u4eba\u6c11\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8ca1\u5bcc\ufe50\u4f46\u5728\u516c\u5e73\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u539f\u5247\u5e95\u4e0b\ufe50\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u8ca1\u5bcc\u76f4\u63a5\u8cfc\u8cb7\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6295\u8cc7\u6216\u6d88\u8cbb\ufe50\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u662f\u884c\u4f7f\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\ufe50\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4f46\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5beb\u793e\u6703\u91d1\u9322\u904a\u6232\u898f\u5247\ufe50\u82e5\u679c\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u80fd\u7528\u91d1\u9322\u8cfc\u8cb7\u653f\u6cbb\u7279\u6b0a\ufe50\u7e7c\u800c\u6539\u5beb\u898f\u5247\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5229\ufe50\u7d2f\u7a4d\u66f4\u591a\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8cfc\u8cb7\u518d\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u7279\u6b0a\ufe50\u4fbf\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u640d\u5bb3\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\ufe50\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u6cd5\u4f8b\u898f\u9650\u653f\u9ee8\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u4f86\u6e90\ufe50\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u5c11\u6578\u8ca1\u95a5\u900f\u904e\u9a0e\u52ab\u653f\u9ee8\ufe50\u5f62\u6210\u4e16\u8972\u5f0f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u58df\u65b7\u3002\u653f\u9ee8\u8cfc\u8cb7\u5a92\u9ad4\u5ee3\u544a\u6642\u6bb5\u4f5c\u5ba3\u50b3\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u7121\u4e0d\u59a5\ufe50\u5916\u570b\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u653f\u9ee8\u80cc\u666f\u65d7\u5e5f\u9bae\u660e\u7684\u50b3\u5a92\u3002\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u6c92\u6709\u653f\u9ee8\u6cd5\u76e3\u7ba1\u653f\u9ee8\u6350\u737b\ufe50\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u9ee8\u516c\u958b\u8ca1\u653f\u72c0\u6cc1\ufe50\u8b93\u5c11\u6578\u8ca1\u95a5\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u5883\u5916\u7684\u52e2\u529b\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u4f5c\u5176\u9b3c\u5121\ufe50\u5927\u7051\u91d1\u9322\u4f5c\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u50b3\u9593\u63a5\u8cb7\u7968\ufe50\u4ee4\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u9ee8\u6c92\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\ufe50\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u8ab0\u4f86\u57f7\u653f\u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u610f\u898b\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u5831\u7ae0\u4e0a\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\ufe50\u6709\u4eba\u61c9\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\ufe50\u96e3\u9053\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u51b7\u9580\u5f97\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u8b80\u55ce\ufe56\u539f\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u904e\u773c\u4e0d\u5410\u4e0d\u5feb\ufe50\u5f88\u60f3\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5404\u5beb\u4e00\u7bc7\u9577\u6587\u4ee5\u6b63\u8996\u807d\ufe50\u70ba\u9999\u6e2f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7565\u76e1\u4e00\u9ede\u7dbf\u529b\ufe50\u53ef\u60dc\u73fe\u5728\u8eab\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5de5\u5e79\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u6642\u9593\u7d30\u60f3\u56b4\u7dca\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u53ea\u80fd\u5c31\u5728\u6b64\u5beb\u5169\u5c0f\u6bb5\u6feb\u828b\u5145\u6578\ufe50\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u62cb\u78da\u5f15\u7389\ufe50\u5438\u5f15\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u9ad8\u4eba\u51fa\u624b\ufe50\u5f9e\u5b78\u8853\u5236\u9ad8\u9ede\u767c\u70ae\u64ca\u5012\u6881\u68cd\u548c\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u6b6a\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u554f\u6211\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\ufe56\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u898b\u5169\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6539\u7684\u65b0\u805e\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u5230\u66f8\u5230\u7528\u4e8b\u65b9\u6068\u5c11\ufe50\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u5411\u6b6a\u7406\u8aaa\u4e0d\u3002\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6881\u68cd\u6881\u71d5\u57ce\u5728\u4fe1\u5831\u4e82\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u523b\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u80cc\u66f8\ufe50\u505a\u4e2d\u5171\u8d70\u72d7\u6587\u5ba3\u6253\u624b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u7834\u58de\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u58de\u5148\u4f8b\u3002 \u8b80\u904e\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\u7684\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u6881\u68cd\u4e82\u7528Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u4e26\u975e\u7528\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u5c11\u6578\u5bcc\u5546\u6b0a\u8cb4\ufe50\u800c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5f31\u5c0f\u8005\u3002\u672c\u4f86Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u8207\u63a8\u884c\u90a3\u500b\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\u8b70\u5e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u5e9c\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u7528\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u6703\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u3002\u5728\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u5e95\u4e0b\ufe50\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4f86\u4f86\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\ufe50\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u6703\u662f\u5bcc\u5546\u6216\u662f\u7aae\u4eba\ufe50\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u6709\u591a\u5f35\u5c08\u696d\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u53ea\u5728\u5206\u5340\u76f4\u9078\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6295\u7968\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9078\u7968\u5f71\u97ff\u8b70\u5e2d\ufe50\u800c\u8b70\u5e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u53c8\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u7528\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6301\u7684\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u53bb\u4f30\u8a08\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u76f4\u9078\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\ufe50\u800c\u9078\u5340\u8b70\u5e2d\u53c8\u6309\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5283\u4efd\ufe50\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u8b70\u5e2d\u7684\u9078\u6c11\ufe50\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u76f4\u9078\u7684\u9078\u7968\u5916\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u591a\u4e00\u5f35\u529f\u80fd\u8b70\u5e2d\u7684\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u52a0\u4e0a\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u9078\u6c11\u4eba\u6578\u5341\u5206\u5c11\ufe50\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e0b\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4fbf\u6709\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u7684\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002Rawls\u8a8d\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u6700\u4fdd\u96aa\u7684\u7b56\u7565(max-min strategy)\ufe50\u5047\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u6703\u5e78\u904b\u751f\u70ba\u529f\u80fd\u9078\u5225\u9078\u6c11\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6975\u591a\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\ufe50\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u6709\u5206\u5340\u76f4\u9078\u4e00\u7968\u7684\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\ufe50\u53ea\u5c11\u5bcc\u4eba\u7aae\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\ufe50\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u5167\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u8072\u97f3\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u8b70\u54e1\u9a0e\u52ab\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u4eca\u65e5\u4f86\u6211\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u6709\u5831\u7d19\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u99c1\u6881\u68cd\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u70baRawl\u5e73\u53cd\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u5e02\u6c11\u8b80\u4e86\u6881\u68cd\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u958b\u5c71\u9f3b\u7956\u7adf\u7136\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\ufe50Rawls\u6cc9\u4e0b\u6709\u77e5\ufe50\u5fc5\u7136\u6c23\u5f97\u68fa\u6750\u53cd\u8f49\ufe50\u505a\u9b3c\u4e5f\u4e0a\u4f86\u627e\u6881\u68cd\u7b97\u8cec\u3002 \u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u5831\u7ae0\u6216\u7db2\u8a55\u751a\u81f3\u5546\u53f0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6642\u4e8b\u8a55\u8ad6\u4eba\ufe50\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u5546\u53f0\u5728\u7834\u58de\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u591a\u53ea\u662f\u796d\u51fa\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u5927\u65d7\ufe50\u537b\u59cb\u7d42\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u4e2d\u5730\u8aaa\u51fa\u5546\u53f0\u5728\u5546\u8a00\u5546\u8ce3\u6642\u6bb5\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u5c0d\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\ufe50Mill\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb9\u8a31\u4eba\u6c11\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8ca1\u5bcc\ufe50\u4f46\u5728\u516c\u5e73\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u539f\u5247\u5e95\u4e0b\ufe50\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u8ca1\u5bcc\u76f4\u63a5\u8cfc\u8cb7\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6295\u8cc7\u6216\u6d88\u8cbb\ufe50\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u662f\u884c\u4f7f\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\ufe50\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4f46\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5beb\u793e\u6703\u91d1\u9322\u904a\u6232\u898f\u5247\ufe50\u82e5\u679c\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u80fd\u7528\u91d1\u9322\u8cfc\u8cb7\u653f\u6cbb\u7279\u6b0a\ufe50\u7e7c\u800c\u6539\u5beb\u898f\u5247\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5229\ufe50\u7d2f\u7a4d\u66f4\u591a\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8cfc\u8cb7\u518d\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u7279\u6b0a\ufe50\u4fbf\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u640d\u5bb3\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\ufe50\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u6cd5\u4f8b\u898f\u9650\u653f\u9ee8\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u4f86\u6e90\ufe50\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u5c11\u6578\u8ca1\u95a5\u900f\u904e\u9a0e\u52ab\u653f\u9ee8\ufe50\u5f62\u6210\u4e16\u8972\u5f0f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u58df\u65b7\u3002\u653f\u9ee8\u8cfc\u8cb7\u5a92\u9ad4\u5ee3\u544a\u6642\u6bb5\u4f5c\u5ba3\u50b3\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u7121\u4e0d\u59a5\ufe50\u5916\u570b\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u653f\u9ee8\u80cc\u666f\u65d7\u5e5f\u9bae\u660e\u7684\u50b3\u5a92\u3002\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u6c92\u6709\u653f\u9ee8\u6cd5\u76e3\u7ba1\u653f\u9ee8\u6350\u737b\ufe50\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u9ee8\u516c\u958b\u8ca1\u653f\u72c0\u6cc1\ufe50\u8b93\u5c11\u6578\u8ca1\u95a5\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u5883\u5916\u7684\u52e2\u529b\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u4f5c\u5176\u9b3c\u5121\ufe50\u5927\u7051\u91d1\u9322\u4f5c\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u50b3\u9593\u63a5\u8cb7\u7968\ufe50\u4ee4\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u9ee8\u6c92\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\ufe50\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u8ab0\u4f86\u57f7\u653f\u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u610f\u898b\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002 \u6211\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u5831\u7ae0\u4e0a\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\ufe50\u6709\u4eba\u61c9\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\ufe50\u96e3\u9053\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u51b7\u9580\u5f97\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u8b80\u55ce\ufe56\u539f\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u904e\u773c\u4e0d\u5410\u4e0d\u5feb\ufe50\u5f88\u60f3\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5404\u5beb\u4e00\u7bc7\u9577\u6587\u4ee5\u6b63\u8996\u807d\ufe50\u70ba\u9999\u6e2f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7565\u76e1\u4e00\u9ede\u7dbf\u529b\ufe50\u53ef\u60dc\u73fe\u5728\u8eab\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5de5\u5e79\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u6642\u9593\u7d30\u60f3\u56b4\u7dca\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u53ea\u80fd\u5c31\u5728\u6b64\u5beb\u5169\u5c0f\u6bb5\u6feb\u828b\u5145\u6578\ufe50\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u62cb\u78da\u5f15\u7389\ufe50\u5438\u5f15\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u9ad8\u4eba\u51fa\u624b\ufe50\u5f9e\u5b78\u8853\u5236\u9ad8\u9ede\u767c\u70ae\u64ca\u5012\u6881\u68cd\u548c\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u6b6a\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11296,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"lc_iscn_info":[],"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[6,5],"tags":[867,981,997],"class_list":["post-4292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-_society","category-_philosophy","tag-867","tag-981","tag-997"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u554f\u6211\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\ufe56\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u898b\u5169\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6539\u7684\u65b0\u805e\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u5230\u66f8\u5230\u7528\u4e8b\u65b9\u6068\u5c11\ufe50\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u5411\u6b6a\u7406\u8aaa\u4e0d\u3002\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6881\u68cd\u6881\u71d5\u57ce\u5728\u4fe1\u5831\u4e82\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u523b\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u80cc\u66f8\ufe50\u505a\u4e2d\u5171\u8d70\u72d7\u6587\u5ba3\u6253\u624b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u7834\u58de\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u58de\u5148\u4f8b\u3002\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u554f\u6211\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\ufe56\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u898b\u5169\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6539\u7684\u65b0\u805e\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u5230\u66f8\u5230\u7528\u4e8b\u65b9\u6068\u5c11\ufe50\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u5411\u6b6a\u7406\u8aaa\u4e0d\u3002\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6881\u68cd\u6881\u71d5\u57ce\u5728\u4fe1\u5831\u4e82\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u523b\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u80cc\u66f8\ufe50\u505a\u4e2d\u5171\u8d70\u72d7\u6587\u5ba3\u6253\u624b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u7834\u58de\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u58de\u5148\u4f8b\u3002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horace.org\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horace.org\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-05-03T18:19:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-06-03T07:18:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"559\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"380\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"hevangel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@horaceorg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@horaceorg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"hevangel\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"hevangel\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c\"},\"headline\":\"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-05-03T18:19:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-06-03T07:18:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":9,\"commentCount\":2,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1\",\"keywords\":[\"\u9999\u6e2f\",\"\u653f\u6cbb\",\"\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\",\"\u54f2\u5b78\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-05-03T18:19:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-06-03T07:18:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u554f\u6211\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\ufe56\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u898b\u5169\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6539\u7684\u65b0\u805e\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u5230\u66f8\u5230\u7528\u4e8b\u65b9\u6068\u5c11\ufe50\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u5411\u6b6a\u7406\u8aaa\u4e0d\u3002\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6881\u68cd\u6881\u71d5\u57ce\u5728\u4fe1\u5831\u4e82\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u523b\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u80cc\u66f8\ufe50\u505a\u4e2d\u5171\u8d70\u72d7\u6587\u5ba3\u6253\u624b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u7834\u58de\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u58de\u5148\u4f8b\u3002\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1\",\"width\":559,\"height\":380},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2010\\\/05\\\/03\\\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp\",\"description\":\"\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u4f5c\u8005 - \u9673\u99ac\uff1a\u66f8\u8a55\uff0c\u5f71\u8a55\uff0c\u52d5\u6f2b\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u7b46\u8a18\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c\",\"name\":\"hevangel\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1\",\"width\":1313,\"height\":1259,\"caption\":\"hevangel\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/horace.org\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/hevangel-2\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp","description":"\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u554f\u6211\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\ufe56\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u898b\u5169\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6539\u7684\u65b0\u805e\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u5230\u66f8\u5230\u7528\u4e8b\u65b9\u6068\u5c11\ufe50\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u5411\u6b6a\u7406\u8aaa\u4e0d\u3002\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6881\u68cd\u6881\u71d5\u57ce\u5728\u4fe1\u5831\u4e82\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u523b\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u80cc\u66f8\ufe50\u505a\u4e2d\u5171\u8d70\u72d7\u6587\u5ba3\u6253\u624b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u7834\u58de\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u58de\u5148\u4f8b\u3002","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp","og_description":"\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u554f\u6211\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\ufe56\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u898b\u5169\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6539\u7684\u65b0\u805e\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u5230\u66f8\u5230\u7528\u4e8b\u65b9\u6068\u5c11\ufe50\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u5411\u6b6a\u7406\u8aaa\u4e0d\u3002\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6881\u68cd\u6881\u71d5\u57ce\u5728\u4fe1\u5831\u4e82\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u523b\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u80cc\u66f8\ufe50\u505a\u4e2d\u5171\u8d70\u72d7\u6587\u5ba3\u6253\u624b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u7834\u58de\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u58de\u5148\u4f8b\u3002","og_url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\/","og_site_name":"\u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horace.org","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horace.org","article_published_time":"2010-05-03T18:19:05+00:00","article_modified_time":"2016-06-03T07:18:04+00:00","og_image":[{"width":559,"height":380,"url":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"hevangel","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@horaceorg","twitter_site":"@horaceorg","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"hevangel"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/"},"author":{"name":"hevangel","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c"},"headline":"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78","datePublished":"2010-05-03T18:19:05+00:00","dateModified":"2016-06-03T07:18:04+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/"},"wordCount":9,"commentCount":2,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1","keywords":["\u9999\u6e2f","\u653f\u6cbb","\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78"],"articleSection":["\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf","\u54f2\u5b78"],"inLanguage":"en-CA","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","name":"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1","datePublished":"2010-05-03T18:19:05+00:00","dateModified":"2016-06-03T07:18:04+00:00","description":"\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u554f\u6211\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\ufe56\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u898b\u5169\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6539\u7684\u65b0\u805e\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u5230\u66f8\u5230\u7528\u4e8b\u65b9\u6068\u5c11\ufe50\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u5411\u6b6a\u7406\u8aaa\u4e0d\u3002\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6881\u68cd\u6881\u71d5\u57ce\u5728\u4fe1\u5831\u4e82\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u523b\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u80cc\u66f8\ufe50\u505a\u4e2d\u5171\u8d70\u72d7\u6587\u5ba3\u6253\u624b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u7834\u58de\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u58de\u5148\u4f8b\u3002","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-CA","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-CA","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1","width":559,"height":380},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/","name":"\u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp","description":"\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u4f5c\u8005 - \u9673\u99ac\uff1a\u66f8\u8a55\uff0c\u5f71\u8a55\uff0c\u52d5\u6f2b\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u7b46\u8a18","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-CA"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c","name":"hevangel","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-CA","@id":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1","width":1313,"height":1259,"caption":"hevangel"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/www.horace.org","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horace.org"],"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/author\/hevangel-2\/"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pwn21-17e","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":638,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/%e6%b7%ba%e8%ab%96%e6%96%b0%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9-libertarianism\/","url_meta":{"origin":4292,"position":0},"title":"\u6dfa\u8ad6\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Libertarianism)","author":"hevangel","date":"December 20, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\ufe50\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u5e72\u9810\u5e02\u5834\ufe50\u6216\u8005\u7528\u516c\u5e73\u70ba\u540d\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9(Capitalsim)\u3002\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u96d6\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\ufe50\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53bb\u4f5c\u51fa\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u7522\u6700\u591a\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6700\u80fd\u5920\u6eff\u8db3\u6700\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\ufe50\u9054\u81f3\u529f\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\u81ea\u7531\u65b9\u4fbf\u5165\u624b\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b0a\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u8150\u5316\ufe50Fedrick Hayek\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u81ea\u7531\u5230\u52de\u5f79\u4e4b\u8def\u4e2d\ufe50\u5c31\u8aaa\u660e\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u5c0d\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\ufe50\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u901a\u904e\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u5167\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u767c\u660e\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u529f\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\ufe50\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\ufe50\u5247\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u7e7c\u7e8c\u652f\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\ufe50\u8aaa\u653f\u5e9c\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0d\u5c0d\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u6703\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u6b0a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u82e5\u7528\u7a05\u6536\u53bb\u63a0\u596a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u5c31\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5f37\u8feb\u4eba\u6c11\u505a\u5974\u96b8\ufe50\u6709\u9055\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002Robert Nozick\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\ufe55 \u64c1\u6709\u7406\u8ad6 (Entitlement Theory) \u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6700\u521d\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u64c1\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u901a\u904e\u81ea\u9858\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u4ea4\u6613\ufe50\u9054\u81f3\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u5247\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u593e\u786c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u5247\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\ufe50\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u8cc7\u6e90\u6700\u521d\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0aNozick\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u6b21\u904e\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u5206\u914d\u904e\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u4f5c\u51fa\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7559\u610f\u4e00\u9ede\u662fNozick\u5c0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\ufe50\u8207Rawls\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u540c\u3002Rawls\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u5747\u5206\ufe50Nozick\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u3002 \u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6 (Self-Ownership Argument) \u9996\u5148\u6211\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e3b\u6b0a\ufe50\u4e0d\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\ufe50\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u64c1\u6709\u6211\u7684\u6750\u5e79\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u64c1\u6709\u7528\u6211\u7684\u6750\u5e79\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u5f37\u5236\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6211\u5c31\u8981\u4ea4\u51fa\u6211\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53bb\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\ufe50\u90a3\u6a23\u6211\u5c31\u6dea\u70ba\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u8ca1\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u800c\u628a\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u50f9\u503c\u4e0d\u4e4e\u5408\u9053\u5fb7\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5f31\u9ede\ufe50\u662f\u5ffd\u8996\u55ae\u55ae\u6750\u5e79\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u751f\u7522\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4eba\u8eab\u500b\u9ad4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7522\u696d\ufe50\u5982\u571f\u5730\u6216\u751f\u7522\u516c\u5177\u7b49\u3002\u8981\u78ba\u7acb\u9019\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\ufe50\u5247\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u64c1\u6709\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u96a8\u8457\u77e5\u8b58\u578b\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u578b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\ufe50\u8cc7\u6e90\u751f\u7522\u5c0d\u5916\u5728\u7522\u696d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6e1b\u5c11\ufe50\u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u3002 David Gautheir\u5247\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u5165\u624b\ufe50\u53bb\u627e\u51fa\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u64da\u3002\u4ed6\u8207Rawls\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\ufe50\u662f\u4ed6\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u5929\u751f\u6750\u80fd\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6750\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\ufe50\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8b70\u50f9\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5951\u7d04\ufe50\u9664\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e5f\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u722d\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u76ca\u8655\u5916\ufe50\u9084\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u884c\ufe50\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u7d19\u4e0a\u8ac7\u5175\u3002\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\ufe50\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6e90\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u76ca\u8655\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u53ea\u5c0d\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u4eba\u6709\u76ca\u8655\ufe50\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5be6\u884c\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5011\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u8b70\u50f9\u80fd\u529b\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u3002 \u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50Gautheir\u56de\u61c9\u4ed6\u5011\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6709\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u6191\u7a7a\u8b8a\u51fa\u4f86\u7121\u4e2d\u751f\u6709\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7b35\u570d\ufe50\u6d89\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u63a2\u8a0e\u9053\u5fb7\u5f9e\u4f86\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5047\u5b9a\u516c\u7fa9\u662f\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\ufe50\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u5047\u5b9a\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0d\u80fd\u9055\u53cd\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u8aaa\u8aaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u8208\u8d77\ufe50\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672a\u958b\u59cb\u672a\u843d\u7684\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u652f\u6301\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u8a8d\u70ba\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u5e6b\u52a9\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u8981\u5e6b\u52a9\u7aae\u4eba\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u8b93\u7aae\u4eba\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u624d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6307\u51fa\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u990a\u61f6\u4eba\ufe50\u990a\u6210\u7aae\u4eba\u4f9d\u8cf4\u798f\u5229\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u65bd\u653f\u80fd\u529b\ufe50\u798f\u5229\u653f\u7b56\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u56b4\u91cd\u5931\u8aa4\ufe50\u751a\u81f3\u8d8a\u5e6b\u8d8a\u5dee\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u6709\u73fe\u5be6\u6578\u64da\u652f\u6301\ufe50\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u7121\u8996\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u54f2\u5b78&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2197,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/03\/15\/%e6%93%81%e6%9c%89%e6%ac%8a%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96-phil320-political-philosophy-%e8%ae%80%e6%9b%b8%e7%ad%86%e8%a8%98\/","url_meta":{"origin":4292,"position":1},"title":"\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6 &#8211; PHIL320\u7b46\u8a18","author":"hevangel","date":"March 15, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"John Rawls\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u8ad6\u4e2d\ufe50\u63d0\u51fa\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u539f\u5247\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u4e0b\ufe50\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u6cd5\ufe50\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5927\u524d\u984c\u4e0b\ufe50\u8ca1\u5bcc\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u76e1\u91cf\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u3002Robert Zoick\u5247\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u516c\u7fa9\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\ufe50\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4f5c\u8861\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u4ee5\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u53bb\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u6709\u76f2\u9ede\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u5929\u4e0a\u6389\u4e0b\u4f86\ufe50\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u7b49\u8457\u653f\u5e9c\u53bb\u5206\u914d\u3002\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5f9e\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\ufe50\u4fbf\u5df1\u7d93\u5c6c\u65bc\u5275\u9020\u8005\u6240\u64c1\u6709\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u96a8\u610f\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u539f\u5247\ufe55 \u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u4ed6\u5f9e\u5408\u6cd5\u548c\u516c\u7fa9\u9014\u5f91\u5f97\u4f86\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u6b0a\u5f9e\u5408\u6cd5\u548c\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u81ea\u7531\u8f49\u8b93\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002 \u5f9e\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u9014\u5f91\u5f97\u4f86\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u639b\u6709\u4eba\ufe50\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u4fee\u6b63\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\ufe50\u82e5\u679c\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u7d93\u904e\u81ea\u7531\u8f49\u8b93\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u5fc5\u5b9a\u540c\u6a23\u4e4e\u5408\u516c\u7fa9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u628a\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u7dad\u6301\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u9019\u5c31\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\ufe50\u4ea6\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002Zoick\u4e0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u5fb5\u7a05\u7528\u4f86\u8ca0\u64d4\u516c\u5171\u958b\u652f\ufe50\u4f46\u4ed6\u53cd\u5c0d\u5fb5\u7a05\u7528\u4f5c\u52ab\u5bcc\u6fdf\u8ca7\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8f49\u79fb\u3002\u5411\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u6210\u679c\u62bd\u7a05\ufe50\u8207\u5f37\u8feb\u4e00\u500b\u52de\u52d5\u6c92\u6709\u5206\u5225\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f37\u8feb\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa9\u52d9\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u628a\u52de\u52d5\u6210\u679c\u8f49\u79fb\u7d66\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\ufe50\u90a3\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u6a23\u4e0d\u61c9\u62bd\u7a05\u5f37\u596a\u52de\u52d5\u6210\u679c\ufe50\u7528\u4f86\u8f49\u79fb\u7d66\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u984d\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u4f11\u9592\u7684\u81ea\u7531\ufe50\u82e5\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u5c0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u62bd\u7a05\ufe50\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u62bd\u53d6\u4f11\u9592\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6642\u9593\ufe50\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u8feb\u4eba\u6c11\u52de\u52d5\u6216\u5f37\u596a\u4eba\u6c11\u52de\u52d5\u7684\u6210\u679c\ufe50\u4fbf\u9055\u80cc\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u64c1\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u539f\u5247\ufe50\u8b93\u4eba\u7570\u5316\u9054\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\u5de5\u5177\ufe50\u6b63\u6b63\u72af\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6279\u8a55\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002 Rawls\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u7684\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u548c\u627f\u7e7c\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6709\u7570\ufe50\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5e36\u6709\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\ufe50\u597d\u904b\u6c23\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u61c9\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8981\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u5747\u5206\u624d\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002Zoick\u7528\u64c1\u6709\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u56de\u61c9\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u7236\u6bcd\u6709\u6b0a\u81ea\u7531\u8f49\u8b93\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7d66\u5b50\u5973\ufe50\u56e0\u6b64\u5b50\u5973\u627f\u7e7c\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5408\u4e4e\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u8207\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2.\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4efd\u4f48\u8207\u5229\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u95dc\u4fc2\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u6070\u597d\u8207\u5229\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u6709\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\ufe50\u5305\u62ec\u5747\u5206\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5747\u5206\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7576\u7136Rawls\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5747\u5206\u8ca1\u5bcc\u662f\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u4eba\u6191\u5929\u8ce6\u7372\u5f97\u984d\u591a\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\ufe50\u8981\u5747\u5206\u8ca1\u5bcc\u624d\u516c\u5e73\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e00\u4f86\u5c31\u72af\u4e86\u4e5e\u6c42\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u662f\u8ddf\u64da\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\ufe50\u82e5\u67d0\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u6771\u897f\ufe50\u800c\u4ed6\u53d6\u5f97\u9019\u6771\u897f\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u6c92\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u6a23\ufe50\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u6771\u897f\ufe50\u4ed6\u90a3\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u5f9e\u9019\u6771\u897f\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002\u7adf\u7136\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\ufe50\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u64c1\u6709\u5f9e\u4ed6\u6750\u80fd\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002 \u96d6\u7136Zoick\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u53cd\u5c0d\u4ee5\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u4f46\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u6b77\u53f2\u907a\u7559\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5305\u4f0f\ufe50\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5728\u73fe\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u7406\u64da\u3002\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u662f\u904e\u6e21\u6027\u8cea\ufe50\u7576\u4fee\u6b63\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u5f8c\ufe50\u76f2\u76ee\u8ffd\u6c42\u5747\u5206\u4e26\u4e0d\u5408\u4e4e\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u3002 Reference: Distributive Justince - Robert Nozick","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u54f2\u5b78&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":637,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/%e6%b7%ba%e8%ab%96%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9-liberalism\/","url_meta":{"origin":4292,"position":2},"title":"\u6dfa\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Liberalism)","author":"hevangel","date":"December 20, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6John Rawls\u63d0\u51fa\ufe50\u5728\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8208\u8d77\u81f3\u4eca\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u534a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\ufe50\u4e00\u76f4\u6df1\u53d7\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5de6\u6d3e\u793e\u904b\u4efd\u5b50\u559c\u611b\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u5dee\u592a\u9060\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u908a\u5ec2\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u76f4\u89ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u76e4\u6563\u6c99\ufe50\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e92\u76f8\u8861\u7a81\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u91d1\u79d1\u7389\u5f8b\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7cfb\u7d71\u53bb\u5236\u5b9a\u793e\u6703\u653f\u7b56\ufe50\u65bc\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u586b\u88dc\u9019\u500b\u7a7a\u7f3a\u3002\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u5169\u5927\u6559\u689d\u5206\u5225\u662f\ufe55 \u4e00\u500b\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u793e\u6703\ufe50\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\ufe50\u5229\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u9019\u9805\u6559\u689d\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u722d\u8b70\u6027\ufe50\u8207\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e00\u8108\u76f8\u6210\ufe50\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805\u6559\u689d\u53ef\u662f\u7834\u5929\u8352\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u6539\u8b8a\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u65b9\u5411\ufe50\u6210\u70ba\u5b78\u8005\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8ad6\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u9ede\ufe50\u6216\u66f0\u6158\u6210\u70ba\u5929\u4e0b\u570d\u653b\u7684\u7bad\u9776\u3002 2.\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u6bd4\u9700\u9075\u5b88\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6700\u4e0d\u5e78\u793e\u7fa4\u5229\u671f\u7684\u6e96\u5247\u3002\u63db\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\ufe50\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u8cc7\u6e90\u5747\u5206\ufe50\u9664\u975e\u4e0d\u5747\u5206\u914d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6700\u5dee\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u4e5f\u6700\u53d7\u60e0\u3002\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\ufe50\u4e0a\u5c64\ufe50\u4e2d\u7522\ufe50\u57fa\u5c64\u6709\u56db\u500b\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u5b89\u6848\ufe50 A. 9, 4, 1 B. 8, 6, 2 C. 5, 4, 4 D. 3, 3, 3 \u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u9078\u64c7\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u65b9\u6848\ufe50\u4e0d\u9078\u64c7\u6975\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6848\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u3002\u4e0d\u9078\u7b2c\u56db\u500b\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5747\u8ca7\ufe50\u4f46\u53cd\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6e90\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u65b9\u6848\u5c31\u6709\u5f85\u76f8\u78ba\u4e86\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6559\u689d\u4e00\u822c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9a\u5f8b(difference principle) \u652f\u6301\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede \u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6 \u5047\u82e5\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u548c\u7406\u6027\ufe50\u82e5\u679c\u6211\u5011\u6295\u80ce\u524d\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5011\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\ufe50\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7236\u6bcd\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9322\ufe50\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\ufe50\u9078\u64c7\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u8ddf\u64da\u98a8\u96aa\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0d\u5e78\u751f\u70ba\u57fa\u5c64\ufe50\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u597d\u65e5\u5b50\u904e\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u8981\u628a\u57fa\u5c64\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4e86\u3002 \u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u6279\u8a55\u5047\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\ufe50\u73fe\u5be6\u6c92\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u7121\u77e5\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u6027\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5be6\u9a57\ufe50\u7406\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8981\u5f9e\u73fe\u5be6\u51fa\u767c\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5148\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u679c\ufe50\u518d\u628a\u73fe\u5be6\u7406\u671d\u60f3\u65b9\u5411\u6539\u9020\u3002 \u6700\u5927\u554f\u984c\u662f\u9019\u500b\u63a8\u8ad6\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u76f2\u9ede\ufe50\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\u6a5f\u6703\u7387\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u8ced\u5f92\u5fc3\u7406\u3002\u82e5\u9078\u64c7\u57fa\u5c64\u5229\u76ca\u70ba\u52c9\u5f37\u53ef\u4ee5\u904e\u6d3b\ufe50\u5c31\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u535a\u9032\u5165\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5c64\u4eab\u53d7\u69ae\u83ef\u5bcc\u8cb4\ufe50\u53cd\u6b63\u751f\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2d\u4e0b\u4e09\u5c64\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u4e5f\u662f\u5747\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u4fdd\u969c\u57fa\u5c64\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u751f\u6d3b\u6a19\u6e96\ufe50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5931\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u3002 \u516c\u5e73\u63a8\u8ad6 \u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4fdd\u969c\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\ufe50\u8b93\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u81ea\u7531\u7af6\u722d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u7531\u70ba\u4eba\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\ufe50\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5bb6\u5883\u5bcc\u88d5\ufe50\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5929\u8cc7\u8070\u8cc7\ufe50\u5728\u516c\u5e73\u7af6\u722d\u4e0b\u7684\u8d77\u6b65\u9ede\u5168\u9760\u904b\u6c23\u5b89\u6392\ufe50\u56e0\u6b64\u793e\u6703\u5c31\u8981\u901a\u904e\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7684\u8d77\u6b65\u9ede\u958b\u59cb\u7af6\u722d\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e86\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u516c\u5e73\u63a8\u8ad6\u770b\u4f3c\u6709\u6548\ufe50\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u89e3\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u547d\u751f\u5f97\u597d\u6709\u904b\u6c23\u6210\u4efd\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u6210\u529f\u4e5f\u8981\u9760\u904b\u6c23\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u51fa\u8eab\u5bd2\u5fae\ufe50\u5929\u8cc7\u5e73\u5e73\u7684\u4eba\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u6a5f\u7de3\u5de7\u5408\ufe50\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5750\u64c1\u5de8\u5927\u8cc7\u6e90\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\ufe50\u5728\u8d77\u9ede\u516c\u5e73\u4e0b\ufe50\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8981\u628a\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5c31\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u82e5\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9760\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u597d\u904b\u6c23\ufe50\u90a3\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u9760\u5148\u5929\u7684\u597d\u904b\u6c23\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u4e86\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u8981\u628a\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u597d\u904b\u6c23\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e5f\u9664\u53bb\ufe50\u4e00\u4f86\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u5230\ufe50\u82e5\u8981\u786c\u5be6\u884c\u90a3\u4eba\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u548c\u6a5f\u68b0\u4eba\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u5206\u5225\ufe50\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e5f\u662f\u6574\u5b9a\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6c92\u6709\u6307\u660e\u8cc7\u6e90\u8981\u4ee3\u4ee3\u6e05\ufe50\u82e5\u4e00\u500b\u7236\u6bcd\u901a\u904e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u52aa\u529b\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u6b0a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u4f7f\u7528\u8cfa\u53d6\u6216\u5206\u914d\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u671b\u5b50\u6210\u9f8d\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\ufe50\u5e0c\u671b\u5b50\u5973\u672a\u4f86\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\ufe50\u72a7\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u53bb\u88c1\u57f9\u5152\u5973\u3002\u63db\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u5f37\u884c\u8981\u628a\u4eba\u6709\u8d77\u6b65\u9ede\u62c9\u5e73\ufe50\u5c31\u6703\u640d\u5bb3\u4e86\u7236\u6bcd\u516c\u5e73\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002 \u8981\u628a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u8d77\u6b65\u9ede\u62c9\u5e73\u807d\u597d\u50cf\u5f88\u516c\u5e73\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u537b\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\u3002\u7d66\u7aae\u5bb6\u5b50\u5f1f\u734e\u5b78\u91d1\u5347\u5b78\ufe50\u6216\u70ba\u8207\u5efa\u65b9\u4fbf\u50b7\u6b98\u4eba\u4ed5\u7684\u8a2d\u65bd\u6c92\u6709\u5927\u554f\u984c\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u56b4\u91cd\u6b98\u969c\u6216\u5f31\u667a\u4eba\u58eb\ufe50\u4e0d\u8ad6\u6295\u653e\u591a\u5c11\u8cc7\u6e90\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u516c\u5e73\u7af6\u722d\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u539f\u5247\u4e0b\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u8981\u628a\u8cc7\u6e90\u7121\u9650\u5730\u6389\u5165\u6c92\u6709\u56de\u5831\u9ed1\u6d1e\ufe50\u6700\u7d42\u53ea\u6703\u5c0e\u81f3\u5747\u8ca7\u3002\u82e5\u628a\u4e0a\u9650\u5b9a\u70ba\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u5747\ufe50\u5247\u7121\u8996\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u9700\u8981\u3002\u82e5\u628a\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8207\u56de\u5831\u639b\u91e3\ufe50\u5247\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u5c31\u662f\u990a\u61f6\u4eba\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u57fa\u5c64\u6240\u4ee5\u7aae\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e0d\u5168\u56e0\u70ba\u5929\u751f\u4e0d\u5e78\ufe50\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u8fa8\u53bb\u7d30\u5206\u57fa\u5c64\u7684\u6210\u56e0\ufe50\u9019\u4ea6\u662f\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5e38\u88ab\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u505a\u53c8\u4e09\u5341\u516d\ufe50\u5514\u505a\u53c8\u4e09\u5341\u516d\ufe50\u8207\u6211\u5011\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u4e4e\u3002","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u54f2\u5b78&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":639,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/%e6%b7%ba%e8%ab%96%e9%a6%ac%e5%85%8b%e6%80%9d%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9-marxism\/","url_meta":{"origin":4292,"position":3},"title":"\u6dfa\u8ad6\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Marxism)","author":"hevangel","date":"December 20, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"\u81ea\u5f9e\u8607\u806f\u89e3\u9ad4\ufe50\u6771\u6b50\u8b8a\u5929\ufe50\u4e2d\u570b\u8d70\u8cc7\u5f8c\ufe50\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u70ba\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5df2\u7d93\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5b78\u9662\u6d3e\u88f9\u537b\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u80ce\u6210\u70ba\u5206\u6790\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Analytical Marxism)\u3002\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u539f\u7248\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\ufe50\u662f\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u932f\u5f97\u7121\u53ef\u6551\u85e5\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u672b\u671f\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5fc5\u7136\u81ea\u6211\u5d29\u6f70\ufe50\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f86\u81e8\u7684\u552f\u7269\u53f2\u89c0\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6309\u7167\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u552f\u7269\u53f2\u89c0\u4f86\u770b\ufe50\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u624d\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5927\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7576\u7136\u4ea6\u653e\u68c4\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9769\u547d\ufe50\u6539\u70ba\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u53bb\u8aaa\u660e\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u79c1\u6709\u7522\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6\ufe50\u6539\u70ba\u5be6\u884c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u5169\u500b\u5c64\u9762\ufe50\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u4e0d\u8ad6\u65b0\u820a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0b\ufe50\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u516c\u7fa9\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u6709\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u8d85\u8d8a\u516c\u7fa9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5c64\u5247\u6e90\u7528\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u6168\u5ff5\ufe50\u4f46\u6307\u51fa\u79c1\u6709\u7522\u6b0a\u8207\u516c\u7fa9\u4e0d\u4e4e\u3002 \u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8d85\u8d8a\u516c\u7fa9 \u516c\u7fa9\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u4ecb\u5b9a\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\ufe50\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\ufe50\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53cb\u611b\u5e95\u4e0b\ufe50\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u90fd\u5404\u76e1\u6240\u80fd\u5404\u53d6\u6240\u9700\ufe50\u5927\u5bb6\u7121\u79c1\u5730\u70ba\u4ed6\u4eba\u5949\u737b\ufe50\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\u7d1b\u722d\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6709\u516c\u7fa9\u9019\u500b\u6168\u5ff5\u3002 \u5f88\u660e\u986f\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u904e\u65bc\u5929\u771f\u812b\u96e2\u73fe\u5be6\ufe50\u9996\u5148\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u9650\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6eff\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\ufe50\u5c31\u7b97\u4ed6\u5011\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u81f4\ufe50\u5982\u4f55\u6c7a\u5b9a\u57f7\u884c\u8a08\u5283\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76e1\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u9664\u975e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u601d\u60f3\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6a23\ufe50\u5426\u5247\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u516c\u7fa9\u53bb\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u7121\u79c1\u70ba\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e36\u4f86\u885d\u7a81\ufe50\u516c\u7fa9\u4ea6\u4ecb\u5b9a\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u548c\u81ea\u7531\ufe50\u9632\u6b62\u5225\u4eba\u628a\u81ea\u5df2\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u597d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\ufe50\u4ee5\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\u5f37\u52a0\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u4eca\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b78\u8005\ufe50\u90fd\u63a5\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u9700\u8981\u516c\u7fa9\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u5be6\ufe50\u5f9e\u800c\u8ad6\u8b49\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5982\u4f55\u6bd4\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u66f4\u52a0\u516c\u7fa9\u3002 \u79c1\u6709\u7522\u6b0a\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9 \u56fa\u540d\u601d\u7fa9\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u50f9\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u5171\u7522\ufe50\u8a8d\u70ba\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u79c1\u6709\u7522\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6\u624d\u6709\u516c\u7fa9\u3002\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6771\u897f\u4e5f\u5927\u5bb6\u516c\u7528\ufe50\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u9084\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u79c1\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\ufe50\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u751f\u7522\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\ufe50\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u7522\u5206\u914d\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u5c6c\u793e\u6703\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6536\u5165\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u751f\u7522\u8cc7\u6e90\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u624b\u4e2d\ufe50\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u52de\u8cc7\u95dc\u4fc2\ufe50\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u652f\u6301 a. \u52de\u8cc7\u95dc\u4fc2\u525d\u524a\u5de5\u4eba\u3002 \u99ac\u514b\u601d\u5c0d\u525d\u524a\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\ufe50\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u7522\u751f\u50f9\u503c\ufe50\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u5f9e\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7522\u4e2d\u7372\u53d6\u5f97\u50f9\u503c\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5de5\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u5168\u53d6\u61c9\u5f97\u7684\u50f9\u503c\ufe50\u5269\u9918\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u5229\u6f64\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u525d\u524a\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u9019\u500b\u525d\u524a\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u8b02\u5343\u84bc\u767e\u5b54\ufe50\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u79c1\u6709\u7522\u6b0a\u8207\u516c\u7fa9\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u8861\u7a81\u3002 \u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u52de\u8cc7\u95dc\u4fc2\u6c92\u6709\u525d\u524a\ufe50\u8981\u5de5\u4eba\u88ab\u903c\u66ff\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u525d\u524a\u3002\u82e5\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u624b\u4e0a\ufe50\u5de5\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u4e0b\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u6253\u5de5\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u903c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u4e0b\ufe50\u5de5\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u5275\u696d\ufe50\u56e0\u6b64\u525d\u524a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002 \u50f9\u503c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u7531\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u7522\u751f\ufe50\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5269\u9918\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\ufe50\u6295\u8cc7\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u8cc7\u5229\u5bb6\u61c9\u5f88\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u518d\u8005\u8cc7\u672c\u66fe\u7d93\u524d\u4eba\u751f\u7522\u7684\u6210\u679c\ufe50\u5de5\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5132\u9322\u81ea\u5df1\u958b\u751f\u610f\u8b8a\u70ba\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\ufe50\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u5145\u516c\u90a3\u4e9b\u52de\u52d5\u5f97\u4f86\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\ufe50\u5247\u525d\u524a\u5df2\u8b8a\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u6210\u679c\u3002 \u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u8eab\u9ad4\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u5168\u8077\u6bcd\u89aa\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\ufe50\u9084\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u53ca\ufe50\u52d5\u52de\u7522\u751f\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u7cca\u53e3\u3002\u5957\u7528\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\ufe50\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u662f\u5728\u525d\u524a\u52de\u52d5\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u7528\u6536\u5165\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u53bb\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u5247\u751f\u7522\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u53bb\u9054\u5230\u516c\u7fa9\u5247\u986f\u5f97\u591a\u6b64\u4e00\u8209\ufe50\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 b. \u52de\u8cc7\u95dc\u4fc2\u5fc5\u7136\u5c0e\u81f4\u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\u3002 \u99ac\u514b\u601d\u8a8d\u70ba\u751f\u7522\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u5fc5\u9700\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5408\u4f5c\u5730\u6709\u5275\u610f\u5730\u5feb\u6a02\u5730\u52de\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u52de\u8cc7\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\ufe50\u5de5\u4eba\u8981\u807d\u5f9e\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u6307\u793a\u53bb\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u5de5\u4f5c\u523b\u677f\u6c92\u6709\u6eff\u8db3\u611f\ufe50\u8b93\u5de5\u4eba\u6dea\u70ba\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u751f\u8ca1\u5de5\u5177\ufe50\u70ba\u4e4b\u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0b\u5de5\u4eba\u6709\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\ufe50\u5f9e\u975e\u7570\u5316\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u4e2d\u5e36\u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u611f\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u662f\u5783\u573e\ufe50\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u53cd\u5c0d\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002 \u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u597d\ufe50\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u751f\u50f9\u503c\u6bd4\u52de\u52d5\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u5c08\u696d\u5206\u5de5\u4e0b\u751f\u7522\u529b\u589e\u52a0\ufe50\u505a\u7528\u4e00\u4ef6\u5de5\u4f5c\ufe50\u975e\u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\u8981\u56db\u5c0f\u6642\ufe50\u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5169\u5c0f\u6642\u5c31\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u7a7a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5169\u5c0f\u6642\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u512a\u9592\u5a1b\u6a02\u6216\u966a\u4f34\u5bb6\u5ead\u670b\u53cb\ufe50\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u518d\u52de\u52d5\u8cfa\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7269\u8cea\u4eab\u53d7\u3002 \u52de\u8cc7\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u975e\u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u5728\u73fe\u4eca\u793e\u6703\u4ee5\u77e5\u8b58\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e2d\ufe50\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e4f\u5145\u6eff\u5275\u610f\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u5f37\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u696d\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\ufe50\u4ea6\u5341\u5206\u9f13\u52f5\u652f\u6301\u975e\u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u751f\u7522\u65b9\u6cd5\ufe50\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u52de\u8cc7\u96d9\u65b9\u96d9\u8d0f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e5f\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u4e86\u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u7e3d\u6703\u6709\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u9858\u610f\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u91ab\u751f\u6559\u5e2b\u97f3\u6a02\u5bb6\u7b49\u975e\u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u5426\u6295\u5176\u6240\u597d\u53bb\u505a\ufe50\u4f46\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7e3d\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u5012\u5783\u573e\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u898f\u5b9a\u5927\u5bb6\u8f2a\u6d41\u53bb\u505a\u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u4e00\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u5c08\u696d\u5206\u5de5\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\ufe50\u4e8c\u4f86\u8b93\u91ab\u751f\u53bb\u5012\u5783\u573e\u662f\u4eba\u529b\u8cc7\u6e90\u932f\u914d\ufe50\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u53eb\u5012\u5783\u573e\u7684\u53bb\u91ab\u4eba\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u984d\u5916\u6536\u5165\u53bb\u88dc\u511f\u7570\u5316\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u4f46\u9019\u6b63\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u652f\u6301\u52de\u8cc7\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002 \u7e3d\u62ec\u4f86\u8aaa\ufe50\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5167\u5728\u554f\u984c\u592a\u591a\ufe50\u6539\u7528\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd4\u9b42\u4e4f\u8853\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\ufe50\u9019\u500b\u5931\u6557\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5be6\u9a57\u6709\u53cd\u9762\u6559\u6750\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u54f2\u5b78&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":13993,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2019\/12\/10\/social-choice-and-individual-values-2nd-ed-kenneth-j-arrow\/","url_meta":{"origin":4292,"position":4},"title":"Social Choice and Individual Values (2nd Ed.) &#8211; Kenneth J. Arrow","author":"hevangel","date":"December 10, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u65e9\u524d\u4ecb\u7d39\u904e\u300a\u963f\u7f85\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9a\u7406\u300b\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u65bc\u90a3\u662f\u4e8c\u624b\u7684\u5c0e\u8b80\u5165\u9580\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u627e\u4f86\u4e86\u963f\u7f85\u7684\u539f\u8457\u300aSocial Choice and Individual Values\u300b\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u539f\u8457\u6bd4\u5c0e\u8b80\u300aThe Arrow Impossibility Theorem\u300b\u9084\u8981\u8584\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u9801\uff0c\u8207\u8aaa\u5176\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u9577\u8ad6\u6587\u3002 \u539f\u8457\u5beb\u5f97\u6bd4\u5c0e\u8b80\u8271\u6df1\u96e3\u8b80\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u554f\u984c\u662f\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u56de\u61c9\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u5728\u53c3\u8003\u7d22\u5f15\u7f85\u5217\u51fa\u8655\uff0c\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u90a3\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u770b\u5f97\u4e00\u982d\u9727\u6c34\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u9ede\u300a\u963f\u7f85\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9a\u7406\u300b\u5728\u539f\u8457\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u70baThe General Possibility Theorem\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5f88\u67af\u71e5\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u7528first principle\u53bb\u5b9a\u7fa9social welfare function\u975e\u5e38\u5b78\u8853\uff0c\u5c0d\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u908f\u8f2f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u4e00\u822c\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u770b\u5c0e\u8b80\u7c21\u55ae\u6613\u660e\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u5916\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u524d\u8a00\u548c\u7d50\u8a9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5beb\u4e0b\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8aa4\u6703\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u53cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4f5c\u8005\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u8853\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u773e\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u6027\u5730\u5f97\u51fa\u5171\u8b58\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u795e\u6b0a\u548c\u738b\u6b0a\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u8a00\u5802\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6aa2\u8996\u7576\u6b0a\u8005\u6709\u5426\u4f5c\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u5206\u5225\u900f\u904e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5e02\u5834\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u53bb\u627e\u51fa\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u3002\u5e02\u5834\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u963f\u7f85\u7406\u8ad6\u7cbe\u8f9f\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u6c11\u4e3b\u653e\u5165\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7406\u6027\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5167\u6aa2\u8996\u3002 \u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u900f\u904e\u8a08\u7b97utilization\u53bb\u6c7a\u5b9a\u793e\u6703\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u963f\u7f85\u5247\u5c6c\u65bc\u53cd\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6d3e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684utilization\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u6a19\u6e96\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u6c92\u6cd5\u8861\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f03\u6839\u672c\u7121\u5f9e\u8a08\u7b97maximization\u3002\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u898b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6309\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684indifference map\u53bb\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u512a\u6b21\u6392\u540d\u3002\u963f\u7f85\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5047\u5b9a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u8aa0\u5be6\u5730\u6309\u5fc3\u4e2d\u610f\u9858\u53bb\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u6295\u7968\u6216\u542b\u6dda\u6295\u7968\u8f38\u5c11\u7576\u8d0f\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6392\u540d\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u8b70\u984c\u55ae\u4e00\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u904e\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u9078\u9805\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u601d\u60f3\u5be6\u9a57\u591a\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u6295\u7968\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u8209\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u662f\u6309\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54c1\u5473\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u53bb\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u7528\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u51fa\u8cc7\u6e90\u4ea4\u63db\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7159\u6c11\u5206\u591a\u4e9b\u7159\uff0c\u9152\u5f92\u5206\u591a\u4e9b\u9152\u7b49\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u516c\u5e73\u6168\u5ff5\u7684\u5169\u96e3\u984c\uff0c\u7981\u617e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u9f13\u5439\u7981\u7159\u7981\u9152\uff0c\u90a3\u82e5\u679c\u6700\u7d42\u653f\u7b56\u5171\u8b58\u662f\u7981\u7159\u7981\u9152\uff0c\u90a3\u9152\u5f92\u7159\u6c11\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u591a\u4e9b\u9eb5\u5305\uff0c\u53bb\u88dc\u511f\u4ed6\u5011\u5931\u53bb\u7159\u9152\u7684\u640d\u5931\u5462\uff1f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u9078\u6c11\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u900f\u904e\u516c\u958b\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u51dd\u805a\u793e\u6703\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u5462\uff1f\u9664\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u610f\u5fd7\u5916\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u53c8\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u5fd7\u5462\uff1f\u6295\u7968\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5c0b\u627e\u5171\u8b58\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6295\u7968\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u672c\u7136\u50f9\u503c\u5462\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6bd4\u4ed6\u89e3\u7b54\u7684\u9084\u591a\u3002\u59cb\u7d42\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u662f\u8b1b\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u53ea\u662f\u4f34\u789f\u5c0f\u83dc\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u7bc7\u5e45\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\u8a0e\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u5c0f\u66f8\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7d93\u5178\uff0c\u8cb7\u56de\u5bb6\u653e\u5728\u66f8\u67b6\u80fd\u7a81\u986f\u95a3\u4e0b\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u548c\u8b80\u54c1\u5473\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u60f3\u7406\u89e3\u300a\u963f\u7f85\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9a\u7406\u300b\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u770b\u5c0e\u8b80\u7248\u6bd4\u8f03\u9069\u5408\u3002","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u66f8\u8a55&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u66f8\u8a55","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/13168536839.jpg?fit=780%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/13168536839.jpg?fit=780%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/13168536839.jpg?fit=780%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/13168536839.jpg?fit=780%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2172,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/02\/17\/%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8%e5%8a%9f%e8%aa%b2%ef%b9%95-modified-principle-of-justice\/","url_meta":{"origin":4292,"position":5},"title":"\u54f2\u5b78\u529f\u8ab2\ufe55 Modified Principle of Justice","author":"hevangel","date":"February 17, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3John Rawls\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\ufe50\u7576\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7528\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u4f5c\u70ba\u8d77\u9ede\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u66f4\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u4f5c\u652f\u6301\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u793e\u6703\u516c\u7fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u5e2b\u627f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\ufe50\u8a8d\u70ba\u5148\u9a57\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u793e\u6703\u516c\u7fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u516c\u7fa9\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u5e73\ufe50\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7406\u6027\u5730\u81ea\u9858\u53c3\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\ufe50\u4e26\u5c65\u884c\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u8a8d\u70ba\u8207\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u5929\u8ce6\u5e36\u6709\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u6301\u6709\u8005\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5929\u8ce6\u5f97\u4f86\u597d\u8655\u548c\u8ca1\u5bcc\ufe50\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u8207\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u3002 Michael Sandel\u5247\u63d0\u51fa\u76f8\u53cd\u610f\u898b\ufe50\u904b\u7528\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\ufe50\u63a8\u7ffbRawls\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u5167\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u5c31\u7b97\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5929\u8ce6\u7684\u597d\u8655\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u6301\u6709\u8005\u64c1\u6709\ufe50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u597d\u8655\u81ea\u52d5\u7533\u5ef6\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u5171\u540c\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u628a\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5929\u8ce6\u7684\u597d\u8655\u5f9e\u500b\u4eba\u5f37\u884c\u525d\u596a\ufe50\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7d66\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\ufe50 \u5247\u72af\u4e0b\u8207\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u76f8\u540c\ufe50\u4e0d\u9075\u91cd\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u61c9\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u793e\u7fa4\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\ufe50\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u63a8\u5df1\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u539f\u5247\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u4f60\u6c92\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u53bb\u8cc7\u52a9\u4f60\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u5728Rawls\u539f\u672c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\ufe50\u5929\u751f\u8070\u660e\u517c\u5de5\u4f5c\u52aa\u529b\u6536\u5165\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\ufe50\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u679c\ufe50\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u6536\u5165\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u4e0d\u8ad6\u90a3\u4e9b\u6536\u5165\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5929\u751f\u80fd\u529b\u6240\u9650\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u61f6\u6563\u5730\u904e\u6d3b\u3002Sandel\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\ufe50\u52e4\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u8cc7\u52a9\u61f6\u6563\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u9055\u516c\u5e73\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u9593\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\ufe50\u4e45\u7f3a\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u901a\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002 \u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5206\u6790\u8a0e\u8ad6Sandel\u5c0dRawls\u7684\u6279\u5224\ufe50\u6e90\u7528\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u4f5c\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u5617\u8a66\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u516c\u7fa9\u8ad6\ufe50\u4f86\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u539f\u672c\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8cea\u7591\u3002 Modified Principles of Justice In this essay, I am going to evaluate Michael Sandel\u2019s constitutive ties antithesis on John Rawls\u2019 Theory of Justice. First, I will lay out the argument of the antithesis, then I will consider its objection and at last I will\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u54f2\u5b78&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4292"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11297,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4292\/revisions\/11297"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}