{"id":4422,"date":"2010-05-26T22:35:06","date_gmt":"2010-05-27T06:35:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=4422"},"modified":"2010-05-26T22:35:06","modified_gmt":"2010-05-27T06:35:06","slug":"the-psychology-of-the-taboo-trade-off","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/26\/the-psychology-of-the-taboo-trade-off\/","title":{"rendered":"The Psychology of the Taboo Trade-Off"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>\nPeople who holds scared values that can&#8217;t be trade-off are not rational.  According to the article, deception seems to be the best tactics dealing with irrational people.  If a taboo can only trade with another taboo, we can always just invent a new taboo to trade, as long as the other people believe the taboo is real.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>March 9, 2010, By Adam Waytz, Scientific America<br \/>\nSurprising insights into \u001csacred values,\u001d and what they mean for negotiation<\/p>\n<p>Consider the classic hypothetical scenario: Your house is on fire and you can take only three things with you before the entire structure becomes engulfed in flames. What would you take? Laptops and external hard drives aside, people\u2019s responses to this question differ wildly. This diversity results from people\u2019s flexibility in ascribing unique value to objects ranging from a hand-scrawled note from a loved one to a threadbare t-shirt that others might consider worthless.<\/p>\n<p>The critical quality that leads people to treat rookie cards like rosaries is that of the sacred, whereby an object becomes worthy of boundless reverence, commitment, and protection. As diverse as people are in ascribing sacred status to possessions, they are equally varied in which values they consider sacred, a diversity that can breed substantial conflict. The abortion debate, for example, often presents a divide between those who consider woman\u2019s \u201cright to choose\u201d sacred versus those who consider a fetus\u2019 \u201cright to life\u201d sacred.<\/p>\n<p>A recent study in the journal for Judgment and Decision Making assessed how the Iranian nuclear defense program has become a sacred value and how this affects negotiation over Iranian disarmament, an issue of growing global concern. Just last month Iran defied the United Nations in beginning to enrich its uranium supply to bolster its nuclear program. The recent study on this topic by Morteza Dehghani and colleagues, offers two key insights. It demonstrates how a relatively recent issue, one that\u2014unlike abortion\u2014lacks any longstanding historical or religious significance, can become sacred. And it suggests, surprisingly, that offering material incentives in exchange for sacred values may backfire badly. The work is a reminder that sacred values are tremendously influential in disputes both international and interpersonal, but that our negotiating instincts can lead us away from common ground.<\/p>\n<p>What truly distinguishes sacred values from secular ones is how people behave when asked to compromise them. When people are asked to trade their sacred values for values considered to be secular\u2014what psychologist Philip Tetlock refers to as a \u201ctaboo tradeoff\u201d\u2014they exhibit moral outrage, express anger and disgust, become increasingly inflexible in negotiations, and display an insensitivity to a strict cost-benefit analysis of the exchange. What\u2019s more, when people receive monetary offers for relinquishing a sacred value, they display a particularly striking irrationality. Not only are people unwilling to compromise sacred values for money\u2014contrary to classic economic theory\u2019s assumption that financial incentives motivate behavior\u2014but the inclusion of money in an offer produces a backfire effect such that people become even less likely to give up their sacred values compared to when an offer does not include money. People consider trading sacred values for money so morally reprehensible that they recoil at such proposals.<\/p>\n<p>Psychologist Jeremy Ginges and his colleagues identified this backfire effect in studies of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in 2007. They interviewed both Israelis and Palestinians who possessed sacred values toward key issues such as ownership over disputed territories like the West Bank or the right of Palestinian refugees to return to villages they were forced to leave\u2014these people viewed compromise on these issues completely unacceptable. Ginges and colleagues found that individuals offered a monetary payout to compromise their values expressed more moral outrage and were more supportive of violent opposition toward the other side. Opposition decreased, however, when the other side offered to compromise on a sacred value of its own, such as Israelis formerly renouncing their right to the West Bank or Palestinians formally recognizing Israel as a state. Ginges and Scott Atran found similar evidence of this backfire effect with Indonesian madrassah students, who expressed less willingness to compromise their belief in sharia, strict Islamic law, when offered a material incentive.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>People who holds scared values that can&#8217;t be trade-off are not rational. According to the article, deception seems to be the best tactics dealing with irrational people. If a taboo can only trade with another taboo, we can always just invent a new taboo to trade, as long as the other people believe the taboo &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/26\/the-psychology-of-the-taboo-trade-off\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Psychology of the Taboo Trade-Off<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"lc_iscn_info":[],"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[15],"tags":[39,655],"class_list":["post-4422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-_newsclips","tag-psychology","tag-scientific-america"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Psychology of the Taboo Trade-Off - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"People who holds scared values that can&#039;t be trade-off are not rational. 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It would be even better if we can extend the cap-and-dividend approach\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;News Clips&quot;","block_context":{"text":"News Clips","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_reference\/_newsclips\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3718,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/10\/28\/e-pluribus-tunum\/","url_meta":{"origin":4422,"position":3},"title":"E pluribus tunum","author":"hevangel","date":"October 28, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"What kind of stupid undergrad students willing to pay $1.5 to download a song? The maximum amount I am willing to pay to download a song is $0. Why pay a dime if you can get it for free? A song only worth the cost of electricity and bandwidth to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;News Clips&quot;","block_context":{"text":"News Clips","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_reference\/_newsclips\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3661,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/10\/10\/barack-obama-and-the-nobel-peace-prize\/","url_meta":{"origin":4422,"position":4},"title":"Barack Obama and the Nobel peace prize","author":"hevangel","date":"October 10, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"If they could not find an agreeable winner, maybe they should simply cancel Nobel peace prize. Save the prize money for a new Nobel maths prize. At least Obama is humble enough to say he does not deserve the prize. 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