{"id":5288,"date":"2011-09-01T22:34:52","date_gmt":"2011-09-02T06:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=5288"},"modified":"2015-10-29T00:05:52","modified_gmt":"2015-10-29T08:05:52","slug":"ecological-ethics-an-introduction-patrick-curry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2011\/09\/01\/ecological-ethics-an-introduction-patrick-curry\/","title":{"rendered":"Ecological Ethics, An Introduction &#8211; Patrick Curry"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/1030669.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5289\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2011\/09\/01\/ecological-ethics-an-introduction-patrick-curry\/attachment\/1030669\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/1030669.jpg?fit=319%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"319,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Ecological Ethics\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/1030669.jpg?fit=319%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/1030669-191x300.jpg?resize=191%2C300\" alt=\"\" title=\"Ecological Ethics\" width=\"191\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5289\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/1030669.jpg?resize=191%2C300&amp;ssl=1 191w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/1030669.jpg?resize=150%2C235&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/1030669.jpg?resize=95%2C150&amp;ssl=1 95w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/1030669.jpg?w=319&amp;ssl=1 319w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" 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Ethic)\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u8258\u592a\u7a7a\u8239\uff0c\u5176\u7dad\u751f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6709\u7269\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u4e0d\u80fd\u7121\u9650\u5236\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u6dfa\u7da0\u7406\u8ad6\u6700\u70ba\u5927\u773e\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ea\u8003\u616e\u4eba\u985e\u5229\u76ca\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u4fdd\u8b77\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u7da0\u74b0\u4fdd\u7406\u8ad6\u4ec7\u820a\u662f\u4ee5\u4eba\u985e\u70ba\u4e3b\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u628a\u672c\u7136\u50f9\u503c\u64f4\u5927\u5230\u5305\u62ec\u52d5\u7269\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u3002Peter Singer\u4ee5\u5f8c\u679c\u8ad6\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5(Animal Liberation)\uff0c\u628a\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u4e5f\u7d0d\u5165\u8a08\u7b97\u529f\u7528\u5167\u3002Tom Regan\u4ee5\u8cac\u4efb\u8ad6\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u6b0a\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9(Animal Rights)\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bcf\u4e00\u96bb\u52d5\u7269\u4e5f\u6709\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6b0a\u3002Paul Taylor\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ad6(Biocentrism)\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u690d\u751f\u547d\u7f6e\u65bc\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u7f6e\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6df1\u7da0\u74b0\u4fdd\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6dfa\u7da0\u548c\u4e2d\u7da0\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u662f\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u5f9e\u500b\u9ad4\u5c64\u9762\u8df3\u5347\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u7269\u548c\u6b7b\u7269\u3002\u7576\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u9055\u6642\uff0c\u5bb9\u8a31\u5426\u5b9a\u4eba\u985e\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6df1\u7da0\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406(Land Ethic)\u628a\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u6c34\uff0c\u52d5\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u7d71\u7d71\u7d66\u8209\u672c\u7136\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u985e\u8996\u70ba\u751f\u614b\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\u3002\u5b83\u8a8d\u70ba\u5408\u4e4e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u80fd\u5920\u4fdd\u5b58\u751f\u614b\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u96b1\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u7f8e\u9e97\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4fbf\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406\u5927\u5927\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e26\u59a8\u7919\u4eba\u985e\u4f7f\u7528\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u84cb\u4e9e\u7406\u8ad6(Gaia Theory)\u8a8d\u70ba\u5730\u7403\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8d85\u7d1a\u751f\u547d\u9ad4\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u662f\u5730\u7403\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u5bb3\u87f2\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u7403\u53d7\u5920\u4eba\u985e\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u4fbf\u6703\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u64ca\uff0c\u8b93\u751f\u614b\u56de\u8986\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u84cb\u4e9e\u7406\u8ad6\u6c92\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u6839\u64da\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u84cb\u4e9e\u4fbf\u662f\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\u4e2d\u5927\u5730\u4e4b\u795e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u84cb\u4e9e\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406\u5167\u5bb9\u592a\u904e\u7a7a\u6cdb\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6307\u70ba\u7da0\u8272\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5730\u7403\u70ba\u540d\u7fa9\u4fb5\u72af\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6df1\u74b0\u5883\u8ad6(Deep Ecology)\u8a8d\u70ba\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u7269\u6709\u672c\u7136\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u53ea\u8981\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u529f\u7528\u53bb\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u6c92\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u53bb\u6e1b\u5c11\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u985e\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u6539\u8b8a\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u9010\u6f38\u5c11\u4eba\u53e3\u6578\u76ee\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u6709\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u6df1\u74b0\u5883\u8ad6\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7d00\u5143\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u8981\u5f9e\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u53bb\u6539\u8b8a\u4eba\u985e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u660e\u767d\u74b0\u5883\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u9023\u63a5\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6df1\u7da0\u7406\u8ad6(Deep Green Theory)\u5426\u5b9a\u4eba\u985e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u5225\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u672c\u7136\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cc\u99d5\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9664\u4e86\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u9858\u6027\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u5916\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u4e5f\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5de6\u7ffc\u751f\u614b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9(Left Biocentrism)\u540c\u6642\u5426\u5b9a\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5169\u8005\u7686\u662f\u5de5\u696d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u9ad4\u5169\u9762\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u628a\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u63a8\u5c55\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u525d\u524a\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5730\u7403\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u904e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53cd\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u8a8d\u70ba\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7406\u8ad6\u9084\u662f\u4eba\u672c\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u50b7\u5bb3\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u793e\u5340\u6216\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u6551\u8b22\u8eca\u6551\u4eba\u662f\u597d\uff0c\u5766\u514b\u8eca\u6bba\u4eba\u662f\u58de\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5766\u514b\u8eca\u548c\u6551\u8b22\u8eca\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u74b0\u5883\u7834\u58de\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5730\u7403\u5ba3\u8a00(The Earth Manifesto)\u662f\u500b\u5927\u96dc\u71f4\uff0c\u628a\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5beb\u4e0b\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u884c\u52d5\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u9084\u9806\u624b\u52a0\u5165\u6ec5\u8ca7\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002\u5730\u7403\u5ba3\u8a00\u597d\u807d\u662f\u597d\u807d\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6d41\u65bc\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u6709\u885d\u7a81\u6642\uff0c\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u660e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u74b0\u5883\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9(Ecofeminsim)\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u628a\u7537\u6027\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u7533\u5ef6\u81f3\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u4e0a\u3002\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53cd\u5c0d\u7406\u6027\u722d\u8faf\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u611f\u60c5\u53bb\u611f\u53d7\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u4e0d\u8ac7\u8cac\u4efb\u6216\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u8981\u50cf\u6bcd\u89aa\u822c\u628a\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u597d\u597d\u7684\u7167\u9867\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u6df1\u7da0\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u66f4\u628a\u74b0\u4fdd\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u7686\u7121\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u74b0\u4fdd\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u56de\u5230\u571f\u8457\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u653e\u68c4\u4eba\u985e\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u91cd\u56de\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u8207\u5927\u5730\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5f15\u7528\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5730\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u96e3\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u592a\u591a\u3002\u6839\u64da\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u82e5\u679c\u4eba\u985e\u8981\u6709\u6b50\u6d32\u767c\u5c55\u570b\u5bb6\u8212\u9069\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u628a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u7684\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\u8a08\u7b97\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u53ea\u80fd\u5920\u652f\u6301\u5927\u7d04\u4e8c\u5341\u5104\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u8d85\u6a19\u4e09\u500d\u3002\u7da0\u8272\u79d1\u6280\u767c\u5c55\u8ffd\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u8981\u4eba\u5011\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\u7269\u8cea\u751f\u6d3b\u5247\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u6b63\u662f\u6df1\u7da0\u74b0\u5883\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8a66\u91d1\u77f3\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u74b0\u5883\u653e\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u985e\u7121\u7bc0\u5236\u5730\u751f\u80b2\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u628a\u5730\u7403\u8996\u70ba\u652f\u6301\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u53bb\u8a08\u7b97\u4e8c\u5341\u5104\u4eba\u9019\u500b\u6578\u76ee\uff0c\u4fbf\u5df2\u7d93\u9055\u53cd\u6df1\u7da0\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u628a\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u56ae\u6e1b\u5230\u6700\u5c11\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5fc5\u9700\u66f4\u52a0\u5927\u91cf\u5730\u6e1b\u5c11\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7a2e\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6f6e\u6d41\u8208\u74b0\u4fdd\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u5f88\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u525b\u597d\u5927\u5b78\u958b\u8fa8\u74b0\u5883\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8ab2\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u60dc\u4e0a\u8ab2\u6642\u9593\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\uff0c\u6211\u6c92\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u4fee\u8b80\u3002\u53ea\u597d\u628a\u8ab2\u672c\u8cb7\u56de\u4f86\u81ea\u5df2\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u4fbf\u662f\u8a72\u8ab2\u7684\u8ab2\u672c\u3002\u9019\u662f\u672c\u74b0\u4fdd\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5165\u9580\u66f8\u85c9\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7e3d\u62ec\u4ecb\u7d39\u7531\u6dfa\u7da0\u81f3\u6df1\u7da0\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u502b\u7406\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u5168\u66f8\u53ea\u6709\u77ed\u77ed\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u9801\uff0c\u4f46\u5167\u5bb9\u5341\u5206\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u8981\u95b1\u8b80\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u53ea\u662f\u5165\u9580\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u76e1\u91cf\u4e2d\u80af\u5730\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u5404\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u5c0d\u5404\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u548c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u8ab2\u9084\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u672c\u5de8\u5f62\u78da\u982d\u66f8\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6700\u521d\u5e7e\u7ae0\u5148\u4ecb\u7d39\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c0\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u8207\u76f8\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u8a34\u8af8\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u4fd7\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u7684\u5206\u5225\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u7c21\u4ecb\u50b3\u7d71\u4e09\u5927\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u5fb7\u884c\u8ad6\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u8ad6\u548c\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u5c0d\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u8ad6\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u5247\u4e3b\u5f35\u4eba\u985e\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u63d0\u5021\u4ee5\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u6574\u500b\u5730\u7403\u7684\u751f\u614b\u70ba\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u50f9\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u6709\u8981\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u4f5c\u51fa\u53d6\u6368\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u9019\u4ea6\u662f\u74b0\u4fdd\u8b70\u984c\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u8209\u51fa\u6bba\u87f2\u85e5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6bba\u87f2\u85e5\u6703\u640d\u5bb3\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u662f\u6ec5\u868a\u63a7\u5236\u7627\u75be\u7684\u6709\u6548\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u4eba\u547d\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u9078\u64c7\u624d\u5408\u4e4e\u90a3\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u5462\u3002 \u6dfa\u7da0\u7684\u74b0\u4fdd\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u4ee5\u4eba\u672c\u9053\u5fb7\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4eba\u985e\u624d\u6709\u672c\u7136\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u53ea\u6709\u529f\u7528\u50f9\u508e\u3002\u6dfa\u7da0\u7406\u8ad6\u4ee5\u8cc7\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u70ba\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\uff0c\u74b0\u4fdd\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u767c\u5c55\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\u7684\u96e3\u984c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6dfa\u7da0\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u6551\u751f\u8239\u8ad6(Lifeboat Ethic)\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u8258\u592a\u7a7a\u8239\uff0c\u5176\u7dad\u751f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6709\u7269\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u4e0d\u80fd\u7121\u9650\u5236\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u6dfa\u7da0\u7406\u8ad6\u6700\u70ba\u5927\u773e\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ea\u8003\u616e\u4eba\u985e\u5229\u76ca\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u4fdd\u8b77\u74b0\u5883\u3002 \u4e2d\u7da0\u74b0\u4fdd\u7406\u8ad6\u4ec7\u820a\u662f\u4ee5\u4eba\u985e\u70ba\u4e3b\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u628a\u672c\u7136\u50f9\u503c\u64f4\u5927\u5230\u5305\u62ec\u52d5\u7269\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u3002Peter Singer\u4ee5\u5f8c\u679c\u8ad6\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u89e3\u653e\u904b\u52d5(Animal Liberation)\uff0c\u628a\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u4e5f\u7d0d\u5165\u8a08\u7b97\u529f\u7528\u5167\u3002Tom Regan\u4ee5\u8cac\u4efb\u8ad6\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u6b0a\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9(Animal Rights)\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bcf\u4e00\u96bb\u52d5\u7269\u4e5f\u6709\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6b0a\u3002Paul Taylor\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ad6(Biocentrism)\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u690d\u751f\u547d\u7f6e\u65bc\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u7f6e\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u3002 \u6df1\u7da0\u74b0\u4fdd\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6dfa\u7da0\u548c\u4e2d\u7da0\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u662f\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u5f9e\u500b\u9ad4\u5c64\u9762\u8df3\u5347\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u7269\u548c\u6b7b\u7269\u3002\u7576\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u9055\u6642\uff0c\u5bb9\u8a31\u5426\u5b9a\u4eba\u985e\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6df1\u7da0\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a \u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406(Land Ethic)\u628a\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u6c34\uff0c\u52d5\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u7d71\u7d71\u7d66\u8209\u672c\u7136\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u985e\u8996\u70ba\u751f\u614b\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\u3002\u5b83\u8a8d\u70ba\u5408\u4e4e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u80fd\u5920\u4fdd\u5b58\u751f\u614b\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u96b1\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u7f8e\u9e97\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4fbf\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406\u5927\u5927\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e26\u59a8\u7919\u4eba\u985e\u4f7f\u7528\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002 \u84cb\u4e9e\u7406\u8ad6(Gaia Theory)\u8a8d\u70ba\u5730\u7403\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8d85\u7d1a\u751f\u547d\u9ad4\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u662f\u5730\u7403\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u5bb3\u87f2\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u7403\u53d7\u5920\u4eba\u985e\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u4fbf\u6703\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u64ca\uff0c\u8b93\u751f\u614b\u56de\u8986\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u84cb\u4e9e\u7406\u8ad6\u6c92\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u6839\u64da\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u84cb\u4e9e\u4fbf\u662f\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\u4e2d\u5927\u5730\u4e4b\u795e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u84cb\u4e9e\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u571f\u5730\u502b\u7406\u5167\u5bb9\u592a\u904e\u7a7a\u6cdb\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6307\u70ba\u7da0\u8272\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5730\u7403\u70ba\u540d\u7fa9\u4fb5\u72af\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6b0a\u5229\u3002 \u6df1\u74b0\u5883\u8ad6(Deep Ecology)\u8a8d\u70ba\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u7269\u6709\u672c\u7136\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u53ea\u8981\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u529f\u7528\u53bb\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u6c92\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u53bb\u6e1b\u5c11\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u985e\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u6539\u8b8a\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u9010\u6f38\u5c11\u4eba\u53e3\u6578\u76ee\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u6709\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u6df1\u74b0\u5883\u8ad6\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7d00\u5143\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u8981\u5f9e\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u53bb\u6539\u8b8a\u4eba\u985e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u660e\u767d\u74b0\u5883\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u9023\u63a5\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u4e0a\u3002 \u6df1\u7da0\u7406\u8ad6(Deep Green Theory)\u5426\u5b9a\u4eba\u985e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u5225\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u672c\u7136\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cc\u99d5\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9664\u4e86\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u9858\u6027\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u5916\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u4e5f\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u6539\u8b8a\u3002 \u5de6\u7ffc\u751f\u614b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9(Left Biocentrism)\u540c\u6642\u5426\u5b9a\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5169\u8005\u7686\u662f\u5de5\u696d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u9ad4\u5169\u9762\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u628a\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u63a8\u5c55\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u525d\u524a\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5730\u7403\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u904e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53cd\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u8a8d\u70ba\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7406\u8ad6\u9084\u662f\u4eba\u672c\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6703\u50b7\u5bb3\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u793e\u5340\u6216\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u6551\u8b22\u8eca\u6551\u4eba\u662f\u597d\uff0c\u5766\u514b\u8eca\u6bba\u4eba\u662f\u58de\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5766\u514b\u8eca\u548c\u6551\u8b22\u8eca\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u74b0\u5883\u7834\u58de\u3002 \u5730\u7403\u5ba3\u8a00(The Earth Manifesto)\u662f\u500b\u5927\u96dc\u71f4\uff0c\u628a\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5beb\u4e0b\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u884c\u52d5\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u9084\u9806\u624b\u52a0\u5165\u6ec5\u8ca7\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002\u5730\u7403\u5ba3\u8a00\u597d\u807d\u662f\u597d\u807d\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6d41\u65bc\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u6709\u885d\u7a81\u6642\uff0c\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u660e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002 \u74b0\u5883\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9(Ecofeminsim)\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u628a\u7537\u6027\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u7533\u5ef6\u81f3\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u4e0a\u3002\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53cd\u5c0d\u7406\u6027\u722d\u8faf\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u611f\u60c5\u53bb\u611f\u53d7\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u4e0d\u8ac7\u8cac\u4efb\u6216\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u8981\u50cf\u6bcd\u89aa\u822c\u628a\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u597d\u597d\u7684\u7167\u9867\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u6df1\u7da0\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u66f4\u628a\u74b0\u4fdd\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u7686\u7121\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u74b0\u4fdd\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u56de\u5230\u571f\u8457\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u653e\u68c4\u4eba\u985e\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u91cd\u56de\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u8207\u5927\u5730\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 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&quot;\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_society\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/earth-reduced.jpg?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/earth-reduced.jpg?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/earth-reduced.jpg?fit=600%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7250,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2013\/04\/19\/on-manners-karen-stohr\/","url_meta":{"origin":5288,"position":2},"title":"\u8ad6\u79ae\u8c8c On Manners &#8211; Karen Stohr","author":"hevangel","date":"April 19, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"\u6211\u8b80\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u6709\u4e00\u9805\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7562\u696d\u751f\u80fd\u5920\u7d42\u751f\u514d\u8cbb\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u5b78\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u3002\u6709\u6642\u5019\u60f3\u770b\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u51b7\u9580\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u66f8\u85c9\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u501f\u95b1\uff0c\u7db2\u4e0a\u4e5f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e0b\u8f09\uff0c\u9023Amazon\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709preview\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a66\u95b1\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5019\u5927\u5b78\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u4fbf\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u300c\u8ad6\u79ae\u8c8c\u300d\u662fThinking in Action\u54f2\u5b78\u666e\u7d1a\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u672c\uff0c\u96d6\u8aaa\u662f\u5927\u773e\u5411\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u666e\u7d1a\u66f8\u85c9\uff0c\u4f46\u5167\u5bb9\u6bd4\u65e9\u524d\u4ecb\u7d39\u904e\u7684Philosophy 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2006","format":false,"excerpt":"\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5c0d\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u7406\u89e3\ufe50\u59a8\u5ffd\u8ac7\u529f\u7528\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u773e\u591a\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u4e00\ufe50\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u91cb\u9053\u5fb7\u5f9e\u4f55\u800c\u4f86\ufe50\u4f55\u8b02\u5c0d\u4f55\u8b02\u932f\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6John Stuart 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\u865b\u64ec\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5be6\uff0c\u7528\u7dad\u6839\u65af\u5766\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u6539\u7a31\u70ba\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u8f15\u6613\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u3002\u554f\u984c\u6e90\u65bc\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u7684\u6168\u5ff5\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8b1b\u53ca\u865b\u64ec\u548c\u865b\u69cb\u4e4b\u5225\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u6709\u54f2\u666e\u7684\u98a8\u7bc4\u3002\u54c8\u5229\u6ce2\u7279\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u865b\u69cb\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4f46\u54c8\u5229\u6ce2\u7279VR\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5410\u5608\uff0c\u600e\u9ebc\u7528Second Life\u9019\u9ebc\u904e\u6c23\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8b1bVR\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u300a\u5200\u528d\u795e\u57df\u300b\u561b\u3002 \u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u5f88\u56db\u5e73\u516b\u7a69\u7684\u54f2\u666e\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u8feb\u58d3\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4ea6\u5f88\u6709\u898b\u5730\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u53caRawls\u7684\u300a\u6b63\u7fa9\u8ad6\u300b\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u53caRawls\u6b7b\u5c0d\u982dNozick\u7684\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u300b\uff0c\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u6709\u9ede\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u671b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u7ae0\u80fd\u5920\u5f15\u7528Nozick\uff0c\u70ba\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u8b8a\u5f97\u7f8e\u597d\u4f5c\u6ce8\u91cb\uff0c\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c31\u4e00\u767e\u5206\u4e86\u3002","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u54f2\u5b78&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image.jpg?fit=790%2C1186&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image.jpg?fit=790%2C1186&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image.jpg?fit=790%2C1186&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image.jpg?fit=790%2C1186&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":638,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/%e6%b7%ba%e8%ab%96%e6%96%b0%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9-libertarianism\/","url_meta":{"origin":5288,"position":5},"title":"\u6dfa\u8ad6\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Libertarianism)","author":"hevangel","date":"December 20, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\ufe50\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u5e72\u9810\u5e02\u5834\ufe50\u6216\u8005\u7528\u516c\u5e73\u70ba\u540d\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9(Capitalsim)\u3002\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u96d6\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\ufe50\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53bb\u4f5c\u51fa\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u7522\u6700\u591a\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6700\u80fd\u5920\u6eff\u8db3\u6700\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\ufe50\u9054\u81f3\u529f\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\u81ea\u7531\u65b9\u4fbf\u5165\u624b\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b0a\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u8150\u5316\ufe50Fedrick Hayek\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u81ea\u7531\u5230\u52de\u5f79\u4e4b\u8def\u4e2d\ufe50\u5c31\u8aaa\u660e\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u5c0d\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\ufe50\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u901a\u904e\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u5167\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u767c\u660e\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u529f\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\ufe50\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\ufe50\u5247\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u7e7c\u7e8c\u652f\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\ufe50\u8aaa\u653f\u5e9c\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0d\u5c0d\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u6703\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u6b0a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u82e5\u7528\u7a05\u6536\u53bb\u63a0\u596a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u5c31\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5f37\u8feb\u4eba\u6c11\u505a\u5974\u96b8\ufe50\u6709\u9055\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002Robert Nozick\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\ufe55 \u64c1\u6709\u7406\u8ad6 (Entitlement Theory) \u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6700\u521d\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u64c1\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u901a\u904e\u81ea\u9858\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u4ea4\u6613\ufe50\u9054\u81f3\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u5247\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u593e\u786c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u5247\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\ufe50\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u8cc7\u6e90\u6700\u521d\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0aNozick\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u6b21\u904e\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u5206\u914d\u904e\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u4f5c\u51fa\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7559\u610f\u4e00\u9ede\u662fNozick\u5c0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\ufe50\u8207Rawls\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u540c\u3002Rawls\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u5747\u5206\ufe50Nozick\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u3002 \u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6 (Self-Ownership Argument) 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