{"id":631,"date":"2006-12-20T19:08:53","date_gmt":"2006-12-21T07:08:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=631"},"modified":"2019-07-08T22:32:15","modified_gmt":"2019-07-09T06:32:15","slug":"%e9%80%b2%e5%8c%96%e8%ab%96-vs-%e5%89%b5%e9%80%a0%e8%ab%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/%e9%80%b2%e5%8c%96%e8%ab%96-vs-%e5%89%b5%e9%80%a0%e8%ab%96\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9032\u5316\u8ad6 vs \u5275\u9020\u8ad6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/image-20160812-16333-ciwaw9.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13617\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/%e9%80%b2%e5%8c%96%e8%ab%96-vs-%e5%89%b5%e9%80%a0%e8%ab%96\/image-20160812-16333-ciwaw9\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/image-20160812-16333-ciwaw9.jpg?fit=926%2C618&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"926,618\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-20160812-16333-ciwaw9\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/image-20160812-16333-ciwaw9.jpg?fit=474%2C316&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/image-20160812-16333-ciwaw9-300x200.jpg?resize=300%2C200\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-13617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/image-20160812-16333-ciwaw9.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/image-20160812-16333-ciwaw9.jpg?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/image-20160812-16333-ciwaw9.jpg?resize=150%2C100&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/image-20160812-16333-ciwaw9.jpg?resize=400%2C267&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/image-20160812-16333-ciwaw9.jpg?w=926&amp;ssl=1 926w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"postbody\">\u4e8c\u96f6\u96f6\u4e94\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u963f\u80af\u8272\u6d32\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u5bb6\u9577\ufe50\u5165\u7a1f\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u63a7\u544a\u5b78\u6821\u5c40\ufe50\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\ufe50\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\u3002\u9019\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u9054\u723e\u6587\u767c\u660e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\ufe50\u9032\u5316\u5275\u9020\u5169\u8ad6\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5c0d\u500b\u722d\u8ad6\u6709\u6240\u8aa4\u89e3\ufe50\u9019\u500b\u722d\u8ad6\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u95dc\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\ufe50\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u932f\ufe50\u800c\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u76f8\u4fe1\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u53cd\u5c0d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u6216\u63db\u6e6f\u4e0d\u63db\u85e5\u7684\u667a\u6167\u8a2d\u8a08\u8ad6\ufe50\u53c8\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5462\ufe56<br \/>\n\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u5f9e\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\ufe50\u53bb\u4ecb\u5b9a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\ufe50\u518d\u5c0d\u6aa2\u8996\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u4e4e\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"postbody\"><br \/>\n1) \u53ef\u9a57\u8b49 (verifiable)<br \/>\n2) \u6709\u89e3\u91cb\u529b (explanation power)<br \/>\n3) \u53ef\u88ab\u5426\u5b9a (falsifiable)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span 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\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u807d\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\ufe50\u8a8d\u540c\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\ufe50\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8ab2\u4e2d\u6559\u6388\ufe50\u4e26\u99c1\u56de\u90a3\u7fa4\u76f2\u76ee\u5bb6\u9577\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u3002\u96d6\u6709\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u807d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\ufe50\u4f46\u5b83\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\ufe57<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u60f3\u88dc\u5145\u4e00\u9ede\ufe50\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u8056\u516c\u6703\ufe50\u5c31\u4e0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u5c0d\u932f\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u554f\u984c\u8207\u795e\u5b78\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8089\u8eab\u5982\u4f55\u4f86\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\ufe50\u6700\u91cd\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u662f\u7531\u795e\u6240\u5275\u9020\u3002\u9084\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u5c0e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\ufe50\u795e\u7528\u9032\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9593\u63a5\u5730\u5275\u9020\u4eba\ufe50\u5c31\u50cf\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u7d61(neural network)\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u57f9\u80b2\u51fa\u4f86\ufe50\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9010\u884c\u884c\u5beb\u51fa\u4f86\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u958b\u660e\u6709\u7406\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\ufe50\u667a\u6167\u8a2d\u8a08\u8ad6(\u6216\u66f0\u667a\u969c\u8a2d\u8a08\u8ad6)\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e8c\u96f6\u96f6\u4e94\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u963f\u80af\u8272\u6d32\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u5bb6\u9577\ufe50\u5165\u7a1f\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u63a7\u544a\u5b78\u6821\u5c40\ufe50\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\ufe50\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\u3002\u9019\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u9054\u723e\u6587\u767c\u660e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\ufe50\u9032\u5316\u5275\u9020\u5169\u8ad6\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5c0d\u500b\u722d\u8ad6\u6709\u6240\u8aa4\u89e3\ufe50\u9019\u500b\u722d\u8ad6\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u95dc\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\ufe50\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u932f\ufe50\u800c\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u76f8\u4fe1\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u53cd\u5c0d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u6216\u63db\u6e6f\u4e0d\u63db\u85e5\u7684\u667a\u6167\u8a2d\u8a08\u8ad6\ufe50\u53c8\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5462\ufe56 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Diamond\uff0cNassim Nicholas Taleb\uff0cRichard Dawkins\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u984c\u6750\u5305\u7f85\u842c\u6709\uff0c\u5f9e\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u91ab\u5b78\u7b49\u786c\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u5230\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u7d71\u8a08\u7b49\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\u4e5f\u6709\uff0c\u7d50\u96c6\u6210\u300aThis Idea Must Die\u300b\u3002 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Brockman\u662fedge\u7684\u5275\u8fa6\u4eba\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u79d1\u666e\u66f8\u85c9\u7684\u7de8\u8f2f\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u3002\u81f3\u529b\u63a8\u5ee3C.P.Snow\u63d0\u51fa\u5169\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u6587\u7406\u96d9\u79d1\u4e92\u76f8\u5c0d\u7acb\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8eab\u517c\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u8def\u3002 \u7533\u5ef6\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a C.P.Snow, The Two Cultures \u539f\u6587\u520a\u65bc\u300a\u95b1\u520a\u300b\u4e5d\u6708\u865f\u3002","rel":"","context":"In 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Strauss\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5176\u5be6\u53e6\u6709\u5176\u4eba\ufe50\u4e26\u8a8d\u70ba\u8036\u7a4c\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u548c\u5fa9\u6d3b\u4e26\u975e\u6b77\u53f2\ufe50\u53ea\u7528\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u8036\u7a4c\u8207\u795e\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u50cf\u5fb5\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u7684\u5b78\u751fFerfinand Christan 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