{"id":634,"date":"2006-12-20T19:09:34","date_gmt":"2006-12-21T03:09:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=634"},"modified":"2015-10-29T00:16:08","modified_gmt":"2015-10-29T08:16:08","slug":"phil203-metaphysics-%e5%bd%a2%e4%b8%8a%e5%ad%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/phil203-metaphysics-%e5%bd%a2%e4%b8%8a%e5%ad%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"PHIL203 Metaphysics \u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u4e0d\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\ufe50\u8607\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u5c31\u5728\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u8857\u982d\u5ba3\u63da\u54f2\u5b78\ufe50\u4ed6\u8b1b\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5c0d\u50cf\u53ea\u662f\u50cf\u4f60\u6211\u822c\u7684\u5e73\u51e1\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u6df1\u4fe1\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u505c\u53cd\u601d\u767c\u554f\ufe50\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f \u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u6c42\u667a\u6167\u7684\u5bf6\u5eab\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u554f\u554f\u984c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u7b54\u6848\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\ufe50\u4e0d\u80fd\u5920\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b97\u6559\ufe50\u4e0d\u6703\u6c42\u5176\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u7b54\u6848\u53bb\u6170\u85c9\u5fc3\u9748\ufe50 \u4f5c\u70ba\u8eb2\u61f6\u9003\u907f\u601d\u8003\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u8a8d\u70ba\u554f\u984c\u6bd4\u7b54\u6848\u66f4\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u5019\u6c92\u6709\u4ea6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5728\u8ffd\u5c0b\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u9ad4\u6703\u3002\u5176 \u5be6\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u5011\u8e0f\u51fa\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6846\u6846\ufe50\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5927\ufe50\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\ufe50\u54f2\u5b78\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e0d\u662f\u80fd\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u901a\u4f4f\u5916\u908a\u7684\u9580\ufe50\u4f46\u53ea\u5c11\u662f\u4e00\u6247\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u770b\u5916\u908a\u7684\u7a97\u3002 \u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\ufe50\u6bcf\u90e8\u4efd\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u7528\u9014\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u81ea\u89ba\u77e3\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u56db\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u5206\u5225\u662f\ufe55 \u908f\u8f2f(Logics) \u908f\u8f2f\u662f\u601d\u8003\u7684\u57fa\u672c\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u53e5\u8aaa\u8a71\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\ufe50\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u807d\u898b\u4e00\u53e5\u8aaa\u8a71\u6642\ufe50\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u5ba3\u7a31\u51fa\u5175\u4fb5\u7565\u4ed6\u570b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e36\u4f86\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\ufe50\u67d0\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8aaa\u52a0\u7a05\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u7d93\u6fdf\ufe50\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u8eab\u908a\u670b\u53cb\u8aaa\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f3c\u662f\u7591\u975e\u7684\u6b6a\u7406\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u908f\u8f2f\u53bb\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u5df1\ufe50\u9632\u6b62\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u82b1\u8a00\u5de7\u8a9e\u66aa\u853d\u3002 \u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6(Epistemology) \u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u652f\u67f1\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u624d\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\ufe50\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\ufe56\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u5e38\u807d\u898b\u5f88\u591a\u5047\u4ee5\u4e82\u771f\u7684\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\ufe50\u4f8b\u5982\u5360\u661f\ufe50\u67d0\u4e9b\u5065\u5eb7\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u5ba3\u63da\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u771f\u7406\ufe50\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u5c31\u662f\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u53bb\u5206\u6e05\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u53ef\u4fe1\ufe50\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u5728\u6b3a\u9a19\u6211\u5011\u3002 \u50f9\u503c(Value) \u9053\u5fb7\ufe50\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u5584\u60e1\ufe50\u7f8e\u919c\ufe50\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5171\u540c\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u50f9\u503c\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5206\u6e05\u695a\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u63a5\u53d7\u4ec0\u9ebc\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u807d\u5230\u4eba\u5bb6\u53cd\u5c0d\u540c\u6027\u6200\ufe50\u53cd\u5c0d\u58ae\u80ce\ufe50\u611b\u570b\u53cd \u6230\ufe50\u8981\u6c42\u793e\u6703\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u652f\u6301\u74b0\u4fdd\u6642\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u50f9\u503c\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5408\u7406\u6839\u64da\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u80cc\u5f8c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u4eba\u4e91\u4ea6\u4eba\ufe50\u53ef \u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u50f9\u503c\u6a19\u6e96\ufe50\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u884c\u4e8b\u7684\u6e96\u5247\u3002 \u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78(Metaphysics) \u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u6b78\u5165\u524d\u4e09\u9805\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u5c31\u7d71\u5408\u5728\u9019\u500b\u90e8\u4efd\u88cf\u9762\u3002\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u662f\u63a2\u6c42\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\ufe50\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5305\u62ec\u795e\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\ufe50\u4eba\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\ufe50\u6642\u9593\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2 \u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8aaa\u554f\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5f88\u7121\u804a\ufe50\u4f46\u9019\u6b63\u6b63\u5c31\u662f\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e0d\u55ae\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u7684\ufe50\u9084\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u91ab\u6cbb\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f2\u4fe1 \u5b97\u6559\ufe50\u6216\u8005\u76f2\u4fe1\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u89e3\u85e5\u3002\u3002 \u8aaa\u5230\u9019\u5152\ufe50\u4e5f\u8a31\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u9ede\u8208\u8da3\ufe50\u4f46\u537b\u82e6\u65bc\u7121\u5f9e\u5165\u624b\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u5c0d\u5927\u5bb6\u63a8\u85a6\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u8aaa\u8607\u83f2\u7684\u4e16\u754c(Sophie's World by Jostein Gaarder)\u3002\u9019\u672c\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7528\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\ufe50\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5973\u5b69\u9047\u4e0a\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5404\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u7d93\u904e\ufe50\u8b80\u8005\u4f34\u96a8\u5c0f\u8607\u83f2\ufe50\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u8ffd\u5c0b\u4e16\u754c\u771f\u8482\u7684\u7591\u6848\ufe50\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5165 \u9580\u8b80\u7269\u3002\u5c31\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u8d77\u8d70\u4e0a\u63a2\u7d22\u54f2\u5b78\ufe50\u8ffd\u6c42\u667a\u6167\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5427\ufe57","rel":"","context":"In "\u54f2\u5b78"","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/%EB%A1%9C%EB%8C%95-%EC%83%9D%EA%B0%81%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C..jpg?fit=700%2C904&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/%EB%A1%9C%EB%8C%95-%EC%83%9D%EA%B0%81%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C..jpg?fit=700%2C904&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/%EB%A1%9C%EB%8C%95-%EC%83%9D%EA%B0%81%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C..jpg?fit=700%2C904&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/%EB%A1%9C%EB%8C%95-%EC%83%9D%EA%B0%81%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C..jpg?fit=700%2C904&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":630,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/phil300-%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8%e5%85%a5%e9%96%80\/","url_meta":{"origin":634,"position":1},"title":"PHIL300 \u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580","author":"hevangel","date":"December 20, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"\u9019\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u6211\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u4fee\u8b80\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9580\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\ufe50\u662fPHIL300\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\u3002\u8b80\u9019\u79d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u7d14\u70ba\u8208\u8da3\ufe50\u4eca\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u6211\u5df2\u7d93\u505a\u5b8c\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u7b49\u7562\u696d\ufe50\u6a6b\u8c4e\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u4ea4\u5b78\u8cbb\u4e0d\u8981\u6d6a\u8cbb\ufe50\u4fbf\u627e\u9580\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8ab2\u4f86\u8b80\u8b80\u3002\u9019\u9580\u8ab2\u662f\u4e09\u5e74\u7d1a\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4ee5\u975e\u54f2\u5b78\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u70ba\u5c0d\u8c61\u958b\u8a2d\ufe50\u82e5\u5df2\u7d93\u8b80\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u7d1a\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\u8ab2\ufe50\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8b80\u9019\u79d1\u53d6\u5b78\u5206\u3002\u96d6\u8aaa\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u5176\u5be6\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\u53ea\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6(epsitemology)\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u9078\u7528\u7684\u8ab2\u672c\u548c\u6559\u6388\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u60f3\u601d\ufe50\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u54f2\u5b78\u4e09\u5927\u5206\u652f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5169\u9580\u5206\u652f\u662f\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78(metaphysics)\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u8ad6(value theory) 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"\u54f2\u5b78"","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/545.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4858,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/11\/07\/phil333-philosophy-of-biology-%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","url_meta":{"origin":634,"position":2},"title":"PHIL333 Philosophy of Biology \u751f\u7269\u54f2\u5b78","author":"hevangel","date":"November 7, 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