{"id":639,"date":"2006-12-20T19:14:27","date_gmt":"2006-12-21T03:14:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=639"},"modified":"2015-10-29T00:15:15","modified_gmt":"2015-10-29T08:15:15","slug":"%e6%b7%ba%e8%ab%96%e9%a6%ac%e5%85%8b%e6%80%9d%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9-marxism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/%e6%b7%ba%e8%ab%96%e9%a6%ac%e5%85%8b%e6%80%9d%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9-marxism\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6dfa\u8ad6\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Marxism)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"postbody\">\u81ea\u5f9e\u8607\u806f\u89e3\u9ad4\ufe50\u6771\u6b50\u8b8a\u5929\ufe50\u4e2d\u570b\u8d70\u8cc7\u5f8c\ufe50\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u70ba\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5df2\u7d93\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5b78\u9662\u6d3e\u88f9\u537b\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u80ce\u6210\u70ba\u5206\u6790\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Analytical 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2006","format":false,"excerpt":"\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\ufe50\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u5e72\u9810\u5e02\u5834\ufe50\u6216\u8005\u7528\u516c\u5e73\u70ba\u540d\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9(Capitalsim)\u3002\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u96d6\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\ufe50\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53bb\u4f5c\u51fa\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u7522\u6700\u591a\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6700\u80fd\u5920\u6eff\u8db3\u6700\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\ufe50\u9054\u81f3\u529f\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\u81ea\u7531\u65b9\u4fbf\u5165\u624b\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b0a\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u8150\u5316\ufe50Fedrick Hayek\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u81ea\u7531\u5230\u52de\u5f79\u4e4b\u8def\u4e2d\ufe50\u5c31\u8aaa\u660e\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u5c0d\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\ufe50\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u901a\u904e\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u5167\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u767c\u660e\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u529f\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\ufe50\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\ufe50\u5247\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u7e7c\u7e8c\u652f\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\ufe50\u8aaa\u653f\u5e9c\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0d\u5c0d\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u6703\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u6b0a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u82e5\u7528\u7a05\u6536\u53bb\u63a0\u596a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u5c31\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5f37\u8feb\u4eba\u6c11\u505a\u5974\u96b8\ufe50\u6709\u9055\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002Robert Nozick\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\ufe55 \u64c1\u6709\u7406\u8ad6 (Entitlement Theory) \u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6700\u521d\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u64c1\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u901a\u904e\u81ea\u9858\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u4ea4\u6613\ufe50\u9054\u81f3\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u5247\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u593e\u786c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u5247\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\ufe50\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u8cc7\u6e90\u6700\u521d\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0aNozick\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u6b21\u904e\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u5206\u914d\u904e\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u4f5c\u51fa\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7559\u610f\u4e00\u9ede\u662fNozick\u5c0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\ufe50\u8207Rawls\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u540c\u3002Rawls\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u5747\u5206\ufe50Nozick\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u3002 \u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6 (Self-Ownership Argument) \u9996\u5148\u6211\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e3b\u6b0a\ufe50\u4e0d\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\ufe50\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u64c1\u6709\u6211\u7684\u6750\u5e79\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u64c1\u6709\u7528\u6211\u7684\u6750\u5e79\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u5f37\u5236\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6211\u5c31\u8981\u4ea4\u51fa\u6211\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53bb\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\ufe50\u90a3\u6a23\u6211\u5c31\u6dea\u70ba\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u8ca1\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u800c\u628a\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u50f9\u503c\u4e0d\u4e4e\u5408\u9053\u5fb7\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5f31\u9ede\ufe50\u662f\u5ffd\u8996\u55ae\u55ae\u6750\u5e79\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u751f\u7522\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4eba\u8eab\u500b\u9ad4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7522\u696d\ufe50\u5982\u571f\u5730\u6216\u751f\u7522\u516c\u5177\u7b49\u3002\u8981\u78ba\u7acb\u9019\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\ufe50\u5247\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u64c1\u6709\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u96a8\u8457\u77e5\u8b58\u578b\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u578b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\ufe50\u8cc7\u6e90\u751f\u7522\u5c0d\u5916\u5728\u7522\u696d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6e1b\u5c11\ufe50\u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u3002 David Gautheir\u5247\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u5165\u624b\ufe50\u53bb\u627e\u51fa\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u64da\u3002\u4ed6\u8207Rawls\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\ufe50\u662f\u4ed6\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u5929\u751f\u6750\u80fd\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6750\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\ufe50\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8b70\u50f9\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5951\u7d04\ufe50\u9664\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e5f\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u722d\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u76ca\u8655\u5916\ufe50\u9084\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u884c\ufe50\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u7d19\u4e0a\u8ac7\u5175\u3002\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\ufe50\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6e90\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u76ca\u8655\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u53ea\u5c0d\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u4eba\u6709\u76ca\u8655\ufe50\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5be6\u884c\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5011\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u8b70\u50f9\u80fd\u529b\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u3002 \u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50Gautheir\u56de\u61c9\u4ed6\u5011\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6709\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u6191\u7a7a\u8b8a\u51fa\u4f86\u7121\u4e2d\u751f\u6709\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7b35\u570d\ufe50\u6d89\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u63a2\u8a0e\u9053\u5fb7\u5f9e\u4f86\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5047\u5b9a\u516c\u7fa9\u662f\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\ufe50\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u5047\u5b9a\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0d\u80fd\u9055\u53cd\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002 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&quot;\u54f2\u5b78&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":992,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","url_meta":{"origin":639,"position":1},"title":"PHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78","author":"hevangel","date":"December 30, 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\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u7ae0\ufe55 \u54f2\u5b78\u529f\u8ab2\ufe55\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u52de\u5de5\u525d\u524a \u6dfa\u8ad6\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Marxism) \u6dfa\u8ad6\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Libertarianism) \u6dfa\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Liberalism) \u6dfa\u8ad6\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Utilitariainsim) \u54f2\u5b78\u529f\u8ab2\ufe55 \u95dc\u4f60\u53c9\u4e8b\u5b9a\u5f8b","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u54f2\u5b78&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2197,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/03\/15\/%e6%93%81%e6%9c%89%e6%ac%8a%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96-phil320-political-philosophy-%e8%ae%80%e6%9b%b8%e7%ad%86%e8%a8%98\/","url_meta":{"origin":639,"position":2},"title":"\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6 &#8211; PHIL320\u7b46\u8a18","author":"hevangel","date":"March 15, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"John Rawls\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u8ad6\u4e2d\ufe50\u63d0\u51fa\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u539f\u5247\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u4e0b\ufe50\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u6cd5\ufe50\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5927\u524d\u984c\u4e0b\ufe50\u8ca1\u5bcc\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u76e1\u91cf\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u3002Robert Zoick\u5247\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u516c\u7fa9\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\ufe50\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4f5c\u8861\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u4ee5\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u53bb\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u6709\u76f2\u9ede\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u5929\u4e0a\u6389\u4e0b\u4f86\ufe50\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u7b49\u8457\u653f\u5e9c\u53bb\u5206\u914d\u3002\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5f9e\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\ufe50\u4fbf\u5df1\u7d93\u5c6c\u65bc\u5275\u9020\u8005\u6240\u64c1\u6709\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u96a8\u610f\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u539f\u5247\ufe55 \u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u4ed6\u5f9e\u5408\u6cd5\u548c\u516c\u7fa9\u9014\u5f91\u5f97\u4f86\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u6b0a\u5f9e\u5408\u6cd5\u548c\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u81ea\u7531\u8f49\u8b93\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002 \u5f9e\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u9014\u5f91\u5f97\u4f86\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u639b\u6709\u4eba\ufe50\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u4fee\u6b63\u3002 \u6839\u64da\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\ufe50\u82e5\u679c\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u7d93\u904e\u81ea\u7531\u8f49\u8b93\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u5fc5\u5b9a\u540c\u6a23\u4e4e\u5408\u516c\u7fa9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u628a\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u7dad\u6301\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u9019\u5c31\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\ufe50\u4ea6\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002Zoick\u4e0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u5fb5\u7a05\u7528\u4f86\u8ca0\u64d4\u516c\u5171\u958b\u652f\ufe50\u4f46\u4ed6\u53cd\u5c0d\u5fb5\u7a05\u7528\u4f5c\u52ab\u5bcc\u6fdf\u8ca7\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8f49\u79fb\u3002\u5411\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u6210\u679c\u62bd\u7a05\ufe50\u8207\u5f37\u8feb\u4e00\u500b\u52de\u52d5\u6c92\u6709\u5206\u5225\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f37\u8feb\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa9\u52d9\u52de\u52d5\ufe50\u628a\u52de\u52d5\u6210\u679c\u8f49\u79fb\u7d66\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\ufe50\u90a3\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u6a23\u4e0d\u61c9\u62bd\u7a05\u5f37\u596a\u52de\u52d5\u6210\u679c\ufe50\u7528\u4f86\u8f49\u79fb\u7d66\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u984d\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u4f11\u9592\u7684\u81ea\u7531\ufe50\u82e5\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u5c0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u62bd\u7a05\ufe50\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u62bd\u53d6\u4f11\u9592\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6642\u9593\ufe50\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u8feb\u4eba\u6c11\u52de\u52d5\u6216\u5f37\u596a\u4eba\u6c11\u52de\u52d5\u7684\u6210\u679c\ufe50\u4fbf\u9055\u80cc\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u64c1\u5c0d\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u539f\u5247\ufe50\u8b93\u4eba\u7570\u5316\u9054\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\u5de5\u5177\ufe50\u6b63\u6b63\u72af\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6279\u8a55\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002 Rawls\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u7684\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u548c\u627f\u7e7c\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6709\u7570\ufe50\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5e36\u6709\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\ufe50\u597d\u904b\u6c23\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u61c9\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8981\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u5747\u5206\u624d\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002Zoick\u7528\u64c1\u6709\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u56de\u61c9\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u7236\u6bcd\u6709\u6b0a\u81ea\u7531\u8f49\u8b93\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7d66\u5b50\u5973\ufe50\u56e0\u6b64\u5b50\u5973\u627f\u7e7c\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5408\u4e4e\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u8207\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2.\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4efd\u4f48\u8207\u5229\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u95dc\u4fc2\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u6070\u597d\u8207\u5229\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u6709\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\ufe50\u5305\u62ec\u5747\u5206\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5747\u5206\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7576\u7136Rawls\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u5747\u5206\u8ca1\u5bcc\u662f\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u4eba\u6191\u5929\u8ce6\u7372\u5f97\u984d\u591a\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\ufe50\u8981\u5747\u5206\u8ca1\u5bcc\u624d\u516c\u5e73\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e00\u4f86\u5c31\u72af\u4e86\u4e5e\u6c42\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u662f\u8ddf\u64da\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\ufe50\u82e5\u67d0\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u6771\u897f\ufe50\u800c\u4ed6\u53d6\u5f97\u9019\u6771\u897f\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u6c92\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u6a23\ufe50\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u6771\u897f\ufe50\u4ed6\u90a3\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u5f9e\u9019\u6771\u897f\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002\u7adf\u7136\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u5929\u8ce6\u6750\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\ufe50\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u64c1\u6709\u5f9e\u4ed6\u6750\u80fd\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u3002 \u96d6\u7136Zoick\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u53cd\u5c0d\u4ee5\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u4f46\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u6b77\u53f2\u907a\u7559\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5305\u4f0f\ufe50\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5728\u73fe\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u7406\u64da\u3002\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u662f\u904e\u6e21\u6027\u8cea\ufe50\u7576\u4fee\u6b63\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u5f8c\ufe50\u76f2\u76ee\u8ffd\u6c42\u5747\u5206\u4e26\u4e0d\u5408\u4e4e\u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u3002 Reference: Distributive Justince - Robert Nozick","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u54f2\u5b78&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2198,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/03\/15\/%e6%ad%b7%e5%8f%b2%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%8d%e5%85%ac%e7%be%a9-phil320-political-philosophy-%e8%ae%80%e6%9b%b8%e7%ad%86%e8%a8%98\/","url_meta":{"origin":639,"position":3},"title":"\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9 &#8211; PHIL320\u7b46\u8a18","author":"hevangel","date":"March 15, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u66fe\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\ufe50\u5982\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6642\u4ee3\u767d\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u4fb5\u4f54\u571f\u8457\u7684\u571f\u5730\ufe50\u6216\u8005\u7576\u5e74\u516b\u570b\u806f\u8ecd\u6436\u596a\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u7269\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8aaa\u4e00\u4ef6\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u6307\u5f15\u6027\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u9632\u6b62\u4f3c\u985e\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u518d\u6b21\u767c\u751f\u3002\u5c0d\u7576\u5e74\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4f5c\u50cf\u5fb5\u6027\u8ce0\u511f\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u70ba\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u9053\u6b49\ufe50\u8b93\u4e16\u4eba\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8a18\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6559\u8a13\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u50cf\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\u8ce0\u511f\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u5920\ufe50\u61c9\u8a72\u628a\u6b77\u53f2\u64a5\u4e82\u53cd\u6b63\ufe50\u8981\u5c0d\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4f5c\u51fa\u5b8c\u5168\u8db3\u984d\u8ce0\u511f\ufe50\u5982\u767d\u4eba\u628a\u571f\u5730\u9084\u7d66\u571f\u8457\ufe50\u4fb5\u7565\u570b\u628a\u6587\u7269\u6b78\u9084\ufe50\u516c\u7fa9\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5f70\u986f\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u7684\u8ce0\u511f\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u82e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u53ea\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u3002 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Reference: Superseding Historic Injustice - Jeremy Waldron","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u54f2\u5b78&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4292,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","url_meta":{"origin":639,"position":4},"title":"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78","author":"hevangel","date":"May 3, 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2.\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u6bd4\u9700\u9075\u5b88\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6700\u4e0d\u5e78\u793e\u7fa4\u5229\u671f\u7684\u6e96\u5247\u3002\u63db\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\ufe50\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u8cc7\u6e90\u5747\u5206\ufe50\u9664\u975e\u4e0d\u5747\u5206\u914d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6700\u5dee\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u4e5f\u6700\u53d7\u60e0\u3002\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\ufe50\u4e0a\u5c64\ufe50\u4e2d\u7522\ufe50\u57fa\u5c64\u6709\u56db\u500b\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u5b89\u6848\ufe50 A. 9, 4, 1 B. 8, 6, 2 C. 5, 4, 4 D. 3, 3, 3 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