{"id":641,"date":"2006-12-20T20:00:18","date_gmt":"2006-12-21T04:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=641"},"modified":"2015-11-06T00:31:41","modified_gmt":"2015-11-06T08:31:41","slug":"%e6%b7%ba%e8%ab%96%e7%9f%a5%e8%ad%98%e7%94%a2%e6%ac%8a%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/%e6%b7%ba%e8%ab%96%e7%9f%a5%e8%ad%98%e7%94%a2%e6%ac%8a%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6dfa\u8ad6\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9019\u9663\u5b50\u8ad6\u58c7\u6709\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u597d\u4e0d\u71b1\u9b27\u3002\u5f9e\u6700\u521d\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f7f\u7528\u8001\u7ffb\u662f\u5426\u7f6a\ufe50\u5f15\u4f86\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u4f4d\u7db2\u53cb \u5c31\u9019\u984c\u76ee\u767c\u8868\u9ad8\u610f\u3002\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u9023\u5e7e\u661f\u671f\u7684\u6b63\u53cd\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\ufe50\u4e5f\u523a\u6fc0\u8d77\u5c0f\u5f1f\u5e73\u65e5\u61f6\u8eb2\u7684\u601d\u7dad\ufe50\u8a8d\u771f\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8d77\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5c0f\u5f1f\u4e00\u5411\u559c\u597d\u7814\u7a76\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u5df2\u6709\u597d \u4e9b\u96f6\u788e\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5728\u8166\u6d77\u4e2d\u3002\u5c31\u8d81\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u6703\ufe50\u8b93\u5c0f\u5f1f\u628a\u601d\u8def\u6574\u7406\u597d\u5beb\u4e0b\u4f86\ufe50\u548c\u5404\u8def\u9ad8\u4eba\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e00\u4e0b\u5427\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6709\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\ufe50\u5927\u591a\u53ea\u96c6\u4e2d\u8868\u9762\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u4f8b\u5982\u7ffb\u7248\u5408\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\ufe50\u5546\u4eba\u6709\u6c92\u7136\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5229\u6f64\ufe50\u7aae\u4eba\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50 \u5247\u662f\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u767c\ufe50\u53bb\u63a2\u8a0e\u73fe\u884c\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6cd5\u4f8b\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u516c\u5e73\ufe50\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u9032\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6cd5\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u5148\u4ecb\u5b9a\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\ufe50\u4ee5\u53ca\u6307\u51fa\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u5247 \u662f\u7533\u8ad6\u5c0f\u5f1f\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u4efd\u5247\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u7acb\u8ad6\u4e0b\ufe50\u63d0\u51fa\u73fe\u5b58\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a(\u5546\u6a19\ufe50\u5c08\u5229\ufe50\u7248\u6b0a)\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u548c\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u6539\u5584\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u5206\u5225<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5206\u5225\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e0a\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u7684\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1(public good) \u3002\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1\u5462\ufe56\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\ufe50\u8a72\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u908a\u969b\u6210\u672c\u70ba\u96f6\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8aaa\ufe50\u751f\u7522\u4e00\u4ef6\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1\ufe50\u548c\u751f\u7522\u4e00\u767e\u4ef6\u6216\u4e00\u5343\u4ef6\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\ufe50\u7269\u4ef6\u800c\u518d\u591a\u4e00\u500b \u4eba\u7528\ufe50\u4ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u539f\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5c64\u9762\u662f\u7121\u9650\u7684\ufe50\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u8209\u4e9b\u4e00\u822c\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\ufe50\u4e00\u500b\u860b\u679c\ufe50\u82e5\u6211\u5403\u4e86\u7684\u8a71\ufe50\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u5403\u3002\u4e00\u9593\u5c4b\ufe50\u82e5\u6211\u4f4f\u4e86\u7684\u8a71\ufe50\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u4f4f\ufe50\u81f3\u5c11\u4f60\u518d\u4f4f\u9032\u4f86\u662f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u6211\u3002\u4e00\u67b6\u5df4\u58eb\ufe50\u82e5 \u5750\u6eff\u4e86\u7684\u8a71\ufe50\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5750\u4e86\ufe50\u5c31\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5750\u3002\u4e00\u9593\u9910\u5ef3\ufe50\u5728\u5403\u98ef\u6642\u9593\ufe50\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5750\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u5750\ufe50\u716e\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u83dc\ufe50\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u62db\u5f85\u7121\u9650\u500b\u5ba2\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u91ab\u751f\u4e00\u5929\u53ea\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u56db \u5c0f\u6642\ufe50\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u4e00\u5b9a\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u5712\u4e00\u9593\u516c\u5ec1\ufe50\u591a\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u6703\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e36\u4f86\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u7522\u6b0a(\u5982\u5546\u54c1\ufe50\u670d\u52d9\u7b49) \u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u9650\ufe50\u5728\u516c\u5e73\u5e02\u5834(fair market)\u5e95\u4e0b, \u5176\u4f9b\u6c42\u66f2\u7dda\u662f\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u8861\u9ede\ufe50\u800c\u9019\u500b\u5e73\u8861\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u5e02\u5834\u50f9\u683c(market price)\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u8209\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\ufe50\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u96bbCD \ufe50\u6211\u501f\u4f86\u6284\ufe50 (\u7a7a\u767dCD\u548c\u6284\u789f\u6a5f\u7684\u50f9\u9322\u4e0d\u8a08) \ufe50\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u6210\u672c\u7684\ufe50\u800c\u540c\u6642\u9593\u4f60\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u640d\u5931\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u6284CD\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4f60\u807d\u539f\u672c\u90a3\u4e00\u96bbCD\u3002\u5728\u96fb\u8166\u4e0b\u8f09\u4e00\u500b\u8edf\u4ef6\ufe50\u9664\u4e86\u96fb\u529b\u548c\u786c\u789f\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5916\ufe50\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u4efb \u4f55\u6210\u672c\u7684\ufe50\u800c\u4e0b\u8f09\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u88ab\u4e0b\u8f09\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u8edf\u4ef6\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u4e00\u9580\u6280\u8853\u4e00\u9580\u6280\u80fd\ufe50\u4f60\u6559\u61c2\u4e86\u6211\u5f8c(\u6559\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4e0d\u8a08) \ufe50\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\u90a3\u6280\u8853\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u63db\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\ufe50\u5728\u516c\u5e73\u5e02\u5834\u4e0b\ufe50\u7531\u65bc\u4f9b\u61c9\u7dda\u662f\u6c34\u5e73\u96f6\ufe50\u5176\u4f9b\u6c42\u5e73\u8861\u9ede\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u503c\ufe50\u5e02\u5834\u50f9\u683c\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u96f6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8aaa\u5230\u9019\u88cf\u597d\u4e9b\u8b80\u8005\u6703\u4e0d\u7981\u60f3\ufe50\u82e5\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u7121\u5f62\u7121\u50f9\u7684\u8a71\ufe50\u90a3\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\ufe56
\n\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u5e95\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7cbe\u795e<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u9032\u6b65\u6587\u660e\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\ufe50\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u56fa\u7136\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d\ufe50\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u9593\u82e5\u53ea\u6709\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5b58\u5728\ufe50\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u90a3\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8a71\ufe50\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5e36\u4f86\u597d\u8655\u7684\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7cbe\u795e\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4eba\u985e\u77e5\u8b58\u4f7f\u7528\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u5316\ufe50\u8b93\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u8b58\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u5316 = \u77e5\u8b58\u7e3d\u91cf x \u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u8aaa\u51fa\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\ufe50\u4f46\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7522\u6b0a\u9084\u662f\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u5169\u8005\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u53bb\u751f\u7522\ufe50\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u751f\u7522\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u9084 \u662f\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u4f86\u8ca0\u64d4\u7684\ufe50\u70ba\u4e86\u9f13\u52f5\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u751f\u7522\u4ee5\u53ca\u8b93\u751f\u7522\u7684\u4eba\u6536\u56de\u6210\u672c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5229\u6f64\ufe50\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6cd5\u5c31\u4ecb\u5b9a\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u751f\u7522\u7684\u4eba\ufe50\u82e5\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u6301 \u6709\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u3002\u4e0a\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u4e5f\u8aaa\u904e\ufe50\u7531\u65bc\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7368\u4f54\u7684\ufe50\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fb5\u72af\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6642\ufe50\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u8a34\u8a1f\ufe50\u5411\u4fb5\u72af\u8005\u53d6\u56de\u6301\u6b0a\u4eba\u7684\u640d\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u9f13\u52f5\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u751f\u7522\ufe50\u90a3\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u5462\ufe56\u6b63\u5982\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u8aaa\u904e\u4e86\ufe50\u6709\u77e5\u8b58\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u7528\ufe50\u6b63\u5982\u6709\u7530\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u8015\u4e00\u6a23\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6bd4\u514d\u8cbb\u4e26\u516c\u958b\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u66f4\u80fd\u63a8 \u5ee3\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u662f\u6709\u6642\u9650\u7684\ufe50\u904e\u4e86\u6642\u9650\u90a3\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u5168\u4eba\u985e(public domain) \ufe50\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\ufe50\u5f9e\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u751f\u7522\u548c\u61c9\u7528\ufe50\u5f9e\u800c\u9054\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6709\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8a0e\u8ad6\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6cd5\u6642\ufe50\u53ea\u5f9e\u4fdd\u969c\u751f\u7522\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u770b\ufe50\u800c\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u751f\u7522\u8005\u5229\u76ca\u6839\u672c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u624b\u6bb5\ufe50\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u610f\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u5f1f\u5c31\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u610f\u898b\ufe50\u6b61\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u6307\u6559\u6307\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5546\u6a19 (Trademark)<\/p>\n

\u5546\u6a19\u7684\u7528\u9014\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5206\u8fa8\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u54c1\u724c\u3002\u5546\u6a19\u662f\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u8ca0\u8cbb\u8a3b\u518a\ufe50\u4e00\u822c\u5546\u6a19\u7684\u5e74\u671f\u662f\u4e94\u81f3\u5341\u5e74\u4e0d\u7b49(\u8996\u570b\u5bb6\u800c\u5b9a)\ufe50\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7121\u9650\u6b21\u7e8c\u671f\u3002\u4fb5\u72af\u5546\u6a19\u5c31 \u662f\u5225\u4eba\u4f01\u5716\u6b3a\u9a19\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\ufe50\u7528\u5047\u8ca8\u5192\u5145\u6b63\u8ca8\u3002\u5176\u672c\u4e0a\u5546\u6a19\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u5730\u65b9\ufe50\u8aa0\u4fe1\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u91d1\u9322\u672c\u4f4d\u7d93\u6fdf\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u652f\u67f1\ufe50\u5546\u6a19\u7684\u8a2d\u7acb\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4f86 \u52a0\u5f37\u751f\u7522\u5546\u548c\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8aa0\u4fe1\u3002\u5546\u6a19\u96a8\u4e86\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6216\u5716\u6848\u5916\ufe50\u9084\u62b1\u542b\u4e86\u8a72\u5546\u865f\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u4fdd\u8b49(goodwill)\ufe50\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6e1b\u5c11\u7522\u7269\u77e5\u8a0a\u4ea4\u6613\u8cbb\u7528\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u56b4 \u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\u5546\u6a19\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6027\u8cea\u4e0d\u540c\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u4f9b\u6c42\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7528\u4e0d\u4e0a\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u672c\u6587\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u8ac7\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\ufe50\u4e5f\u9806\u5e36\u984c\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c08\u5229 (Patent)<\/p>\n

\u7248\u6b0a (Copyright)<\/p>\n

\u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7e8c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u9019\u9663\u5b50\u8ad6\u58c7\u6709\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u597d\u4e0d\u71b1\u9b27\u3002\u5f9e\u6700\u521d\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f7f\u7528\u8001\u7ffb\u662f\u5426\u7f6a\ufe50\u5f15\u4f86\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u4f4d\u7db2\u53cb \u5c31\u9019\u984c\u76ee\u767c\u8868\u9ad8\u610f\u3002\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u9023\u5e7e\u661f\u671f\u7684\u6b63\u53cd\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\ufe50\u4e5f\u523a\u6fc0\u8d77\u5c0f\u5f1f\u5e73\u65e5\u61f6\u8eb2\u7684\u601d\u7dad\ufe50\u8a8d\u771f\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8d77\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5c0f\u5f1f\u4e00\u5411\u559c\u597d\u7814\u7a76\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u5df2\u6709\u597d \u4e9b\u96f6\u788e\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5728\u8166\u6d77\u4e2d\u3002\u5c31\u8d81\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u6703\ufe50\u8b93\u5c0f\u5f1f\u628a\u601d\u8def\u6574\u7406\u597d\u5beb\u4e0b\u4f86\ufe50\u548c\u5404\u8def\u9ad8\u4eba\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e00\u4e0b\u5427\u3002 \u6709\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\ufe50\u5927\u591a\u53ea\u96c6\u4e2d\u8868\u9762\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u4f8b\u5982\u7ffb\u7248\u5408\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\ufe50\u5546\u4eba\u6709\u6c92\u7136\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5229\u6f64\ufe50\u7aae\u4eba\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50 \u5247\u662f\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u767c\ufe50\u53bb\u63a2\u8a0e\u73fe\u884c\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6cd5\u4f8b\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u516c\u5e73\ufe50\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u9032\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6cd5\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u5148\u4ecb\u5b9a\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\ufe50\u4ee5\u53ca\u6307\u51fa\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u5247 \u662f\u7533\u8ad6\u5c0f\u5f1f\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u4efd\u5247\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u7acb\u8ad6\u4e0b\ufe50\u63d0\u51fa\u73fe\u5b58\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a(\u5546\u6a19\ufe50\u5c08\u5229\ufe50\u7248\u6b0a)\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u548c\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u6539\u5584\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u5206\u5225 \u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5206\u5225\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e0a\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u7684\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1(public good) \u3002\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1\u5462\ufe56\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\ufe50\u8a72\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u908a\u969b\u6210\u672c\u70ba\u96f6\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8aaa\ufe50\u751f\u7522\u4e00\u4ef6\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1\ufe50\u548c\u751f\u7522\u4e00\u767e\u4ef6\u6216\u4e00\u5343\u4ef6\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\ufe50\u7269\u4ef6\u800c\u518d\u591a\u4e00\u500b \u4eba\u7528\ufe50\u4ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u539f\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5c64\u9762\u662f\u7121\u9650\u7684\ufe50\u516c\u7528\u7269\u54c1\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3002 \u5148\u8209\u4e9b\u4e00\u822c\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\ufe50\u4e00\u500b\u860b\u679c\ufe50\u82e5\u6211\u5403\u4e86\u7684\u8a71\ufe50\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u5403\u3002\u4e00\u9593\u5c4b\ufe50\u82e5\u6211\u4f4f\u4e86\u7684\u8a71\ufe50\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u4f4f\ufe50\u81f3\u5c11\u4f60\u518d\u4f4f\u9032\u4f86\u662f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u6211\u3002\u4e00\u67b6\u5df4\u58eb\ufe50\u82e5 \u5750\u6eff\u4e86\u7684\u8a71\ufe50\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5750\u4e86\ufe50\u5c31\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5750\u3002\u4e00\u9593\u9910\u5ef3\ufe50\u5728\u5403\u98ef\u6642\u9593\ufe50\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5750\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u5750\ufe50\u716e\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u83dc\ufe50\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u62db\u5f85\u7121\u9650\u500b\u5ba2\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u91ab\u751f\u4e00\u5929\u53ea\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u56db \u5c0f\u6642\ufe50\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u4e00\u5b9a\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u5712\u4e00\u9593\u516c\u5ec1\ufe50\u591a\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u6703\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e36\u4f86\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u7522\u6b0a(\u5982\u5546\u54c1\ufe50\u670d\u52d9\u7b49) \u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u9650\ufe50\u5728\u516c\u5e73\u5e02\u5834(fair market)\u5e95\u4e0b, \u5176\u4f9b\u6c42\u66f2\u7dda\u662f\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u8861\u9ede\ufe50\u800c\u9019\u500b\u5e73\u8861\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u5e02\u5834\u50f9\u683c(market price)\u4e86\u3002 \u73fe\u5728\u8209\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\ufe50\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u96bbCD \ufe50\u6211\u501f\u4f86\u6284\ufe50 (\u7a7a\u767dCD\u548c\u6284\u789f\u6a5f\u7684\u50f9\u9322\u4e0d\u8a08) 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domain) \ufe50\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u610f\u4f7f\u7528\ufe50\u5f9e\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3002 \u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u751f\u7522\u548c\u61c9\u7528\ufe50\u5f9e\u800c\u9054\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6709\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8a0e\u8ad6\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6cd5\u6642\ufe50\u53ea\u5f9e\u4fdd\u969c\u751f\u7522\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u770b\ufe50\u800c\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u751f\u7522\u8005\u5229\u76ca\u6839\u672c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u624b\u6bb5\ufe50\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u610f\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u5f1f\u5c31\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u610f\u898b\ufe50\u6b61\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u6307\u6559\u6307\u6559\u3002 \u5546\u6a19 (Trademark) \u5546\u6a19\u7684\u7528\u9014\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5206\u8fa8\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u54c1\u724c\u3002\u5546\u6a19\u662f\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u8ca0\u8cbb\u8a3b\u518a\ufe50\u4e00\u822c\u5546\u6a19\u7684\u5e74\u671f\u662f\u4e94\u81f3\u5341\u5e74\u4e0d\u7b49(\u8996\u570b\u5bb6\u800c\u5b9a)\ufe50\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7121\u9650\u6b21\u7e8c\u671f\u3002\u4fb5\u72af\u5546\u6a19\u5c31 \u662f\u5225\u4eba\u4f01\u5716\u6b3a\u9a19\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\ufe50\u7528\u5047\u8ca8\u5192\u5145\u6b63\u8ca8\u3002\u5176\u672c\u4e0a\u5546\u6a19\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u5730\u65b9\ufe50\u8aa0\u4fe1\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u91d1\u9322\u672c\u4f4d\u7d93\u6fdf\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u652f\u67f1\ufe50\u5546\u6a19\u7684\u8a2d\u7acb\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4f86 \u52a0\u5f37\u751f\u7522\u5546\u548c\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8aa0\u4fe1\u3002\u5546\u6a19\u96a8\u4e86\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6216\u5716\u6848\u5916\ufe50\u9084\u62b1\u542b\u4e86\u8a72\u5546\u865f\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u4fdd\u8b49(goodwill)\ufe50\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6e1b\u5c11\u7522\u7269\u77e5\u8a0a\u4ea4\u6613\u8cbb\u7528\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u56b4 \u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\u5546\u6a19\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u6027\u8cea\u4e0d\u540c\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u4f9b\u6c42\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7528\u4e0d\u4e0a\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u672c\u6587\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u8ac7\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\ufe50\u4e5f\u9806\u5e36\u984c\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002 \u5c08\u5229 … Continue reading \u6dfa\u8ad6\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6<\/span> 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"\u66f8\u8a55"","block_context":{"text":"\u66f8\u8a55","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/cover.png?fit=630%2C945&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/cover.png?fit=630%2C945&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/07\/cover.png?fit=630%2C945&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6302,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2012\/03\/23\/%e7%9b%9c%e7%89%88%e7%9b%9c%e7%89%88%ef%bc%8c%e8%aa%b0%e7%9b%9c%e8%aa%b0%e7%9a%84%e7%89%88%ef%bc%9f-%e5%8a%89%e5%ae%87%e5%87%a1\/","url_meta":{"origin":641,"position":1},"title":"\u76dc\u7248\u76dc\u7248\uff0c\u8ab0\u76dc\u8ab0\u7684\u7248\uff1f \u5289\u5b87\u51e1","author":"hevangel","date":"March 23, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"This article summarize the history of intellectual properties and its problem. I agree to limit the use of patent as offensive legal weapon to stop competitors and return the copyright period back to 14 years. \u6700\u8fd1\u9999\u6e2f\u67d0\u5927\u5b78\u9032\u884c\u6709\u95dc\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u8cfc\u8cb7\u76dc\u7248\u5149\u789f\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5728\u8cfc\u76dc\u7248\u8ca8\u8005\u4e2d\u6709\u56db\u6210\u5177\u5927\u5c08\u5b78\u6b77\u3002\u8ca0\u8cac\u8abf\u67e5\u7684\u90a3\u4f4d\u6559\u6388\u9a5a\u547c\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u53ea\u8b1b\u50f9\u9322\u4e0d\u8b1b\u9053\u5fb7\u300d\u7684\u98a8\u6c23\u8981\u4e0d\u5f97\u3002 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\u5f9e\u516c\u8b8a\u79c1\u7684\u4e92\u806f\u7db2 \u5fae\u8edf\u8fd1\u5e74\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u5230\u88ab\u6307\u58df\u65b7\u7684\u5b98\u53f8\u7684\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u59a8\u7919\u84cb\u8328\uff08Bill Gates\uff09\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u8ffd\u67e5\u53ca\u63a7\u544a\u6d89\u5acc\u76dc\u7248\u8005\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u76dc\u7248\u8005\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u570b\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u95dc\u65bc\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u3001\u96fb\u8166\u3001\u5fae\u8edf\u4ee5\u81f3\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u96e3\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u628a\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u6b0a\u300d\u7576\u4f5c\u662f\u5929\u7d93\u5730\u7fa9\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u53d7\u9a19\u3002 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- Advanced Network & Services\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u6642\u7db2\u7d61\u53eb\u505aANS 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"\u4e2d\u6587\u526a\u5831"","block_context":{"text":"\u4e2d\u6587\u526a\u5831","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_reference\/_chinesenews\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":600,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81%e4%b8%8b%e8%bc%89%ef%b9%90%e6%89%93%e6%93%8a%e6%ad%a3%e7%89%88\/","url_meta":{"origin":641,"position":2},"title":"\u611b\u8b77\u6a02\u58c7\ufe50\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u8f09\ufe50\u6253\u64ca\u6b63\u7248","author":"hevangel","date":"December 20, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Mp3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u4e0a\u4e16\u7d00\u5a1b\u6a02\u5de5\u696d\u7684\u6700\u5049\u5927\u767c\u660e\ufe50\u81ea\u91cd\u9047\u4e0a\u4e86mp3\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4e0b\u8f09\u97f3\u6a02\u5f8c\ufe50\u6211\u5927\u7d04\u5df2\u7d93\u4e03\u516b\u5e74 \u6c92\u6709\u8cb7\u904e\u4e00\u96bb\u5531\u7247\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u7684\u786c\u789f\u4e2d\u548cDVD 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"\u66f8\u8a55"","block_context":{"text":"\u66f8\u8a55","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/0739110349.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":5480,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2012\/02\/13\/phil201-epistemology-%e8%aa%8d%e7%9f%a5%e8%ab%96\/","url_meta":{"origin":641,"position":5},"title":"PHIL201 Epistemology \u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\uff08\u4e0a\uff09","author":"hevangel","date":"February 13, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5fc5\u4fee\u8ab2\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4efb\u4f55\u9ad8\u5e74\u7d1a\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u5c0d\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u6709\u6240\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u6d89\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f55\u8b02\u77e5\u8b58\uff1f\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u7372\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u5b9a\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u771f\u507d\uff1f\u9019\u79d1\u7684\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u53e4\u5178\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\uff0c\u7528Bertrand Russell\u7684The Problems of Philosophy\u70ba\u8ab2\u672c\uff0c\u8f14\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u53e4\u5178\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u539f\u6587\u4f5c\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\u3002\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u6559\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u8ab2\u672c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6587\u96c6\u5f0f\u7684\u78da\u982d\u66f8\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5176\u5be6\u53ef\u7701\u9322\u4e0d\u7528\u8cb7\u8ab2\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u91cd\u8981\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u4e5f\u53ef\u5728\u7db2\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u3002 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