{"id":686,"date":"2006-12-20T20:18:41","date_gmt":"2006-12-21T04:18:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=686"},"modified":"2015-10-28T16:29:04","modified_gmt":"2015-10-29T00:29:04","slug":"freakonomics-steven-d-levitt-and-stephen-j-dubenr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/freakonomics-steven-d-levitt-and-stephen-j-dubenr\/","title":{"rendered":"Freakonomics – Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubenr"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u65e9\u5e74\u5f35\u4e94\u5e38\u7684\u300a\u8ce3\u67af\u8005\u8a00\u300b\u4e5f\u662f\u8d70\u9019\u689d\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u4ee5\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8b80\u4f86\u5145\u6eff\u8da3\u5473\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u5ee3\u95ca\u601d\u8003\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u8fd1\u5e74\u4ed6\u591a\u5beb\u98a8\u82b1\u96ea\u6708\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8cea\u7d20\u7121\u5fa9\u7576\u5e74\u3002\u5e78\u597d\u8fd1\u5e74\u6709\u4e00\u773e\u5f8c\u8d77\u4e4b\u79c0\uff1a\u5f90\u5bb6\u5065\u3001\u6881\u5929\u5353\u3001\u66fe\u570b\u5e73\u3001\u962e\u7a4e\u5afb\u7b49\u4eba\u63a5\u68d2\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u4ed6\u5011\u5beb\u672c\u9999\u6e2f\u7248\u7684\u300a\u602a\u8a95\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u300b\u3002 \u7533\u5ef6\u95b1\u8b80\uff1aFreakonomics\uff0cSuperFreakonomics\uff0cThink Like a Freak \u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb\uff1aSteven D Levitt\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u3002Stephen J. 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Simpson","author":"hevangel","date":"December 20, 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"\u66f8\u8a55"","block_context":{"text":"\u66f8\u8a55","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/0739110349.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":14204,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2020\/08\/31\/the-deficit-myth-stephanie-kelton\/","url_meta":{"origin":686,"position":3},"title":"The Deficit Myth – Stephanie Kelton (\u8d64\u5b57\u8ff7\u601d)","author":"hevangel","date":"August 31, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u8ca8\u5e63\u7406\u8ad6\u300d(Modern Monetary Theory, MMT)\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7570\u7aef\u90aa\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u5f35\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u8a72\u5927\u5e45\u767c\u50b5\u589e\u52a0\u958b\u652f\u523a\u6fc0\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u65b0\u805e\u5e38\u807d\u7f8e\u570b\u6b50\u76df\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5168\u90fd\u50b5\u53f0\u9ad8\u7bc9\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6703\u544a\u8a22\u4f60\u50b5\u591a\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u9084\u50b5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u5f37\u52c1\u5c31\u842c\u4e8b\u5927\u5409\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005Stephanie Kelton\u65e9\u5e7e\u5e74\u9084\u662f\u540d\u4e0d\u7d93\u50b3\u7684\u4e8c\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74MMT\u9019\u53e6\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u958b\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5979\u8eab\u70ba\u958b\u8352\u725b\u4ea6\u5347\u4e0a\u795e\u67b1\uff0c\u8207\u4e00\u773e\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u5c0d\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u8ca8\u5e63\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u55e4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9f3b\uff0c\u9023\u8faf\u8ad6\u53cd\u99c1\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u524e\u6709\u4ecb\u4e8b\u822c\u7684\u537b\u56b4\u9663\u4ee5\u5f85\uff0c\u53ef\u898bMMT\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u662f\u56b4\u7dca\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u662fStephanie Kelton\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\u5730\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u8b80\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39MMT\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c64\u5c64\u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u5c0e\u8b80\u8005\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u73fe\u4eca\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5165\u9580\u66f8\uff0c\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7db2\u4e0a\u6279\u8a55MMT\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53cd\u5c04\u689d\u4ef6\u5730\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7121\u9650\u8209\u50b5\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u91dd\u5c0dMMT\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5167\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6211\u81ea\u8a8d\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u601d\u60f3\u5c6c\u65bc\u53f3\u6d3e\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u4f5b\u5229\u6c11\u548c\u5967\u5730\u5229\u5b78\u6d3e\u555f\u8499\uff0c\u4f46\u7adf\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u5168\u76e4\u63a5\u53d7MMT\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u5c0dStephanie Kelton\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7533\u5ef6\u61c9\u7528\u3002MMT\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u6b63\u597d\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u5132\u5c40\u548c\u6b50\u65e5\u592e\u884c\u7684\u7121\u9650\u91cf\u5316\u5bec\u9b06\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u660e\u986f\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u8655\u3002 MMT\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u9214\u5370\u9280\u7d19\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u570b\u50b5\u4e0d\u80fd\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u516c\u53f8\u50b5\u52d9\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\u3002\u570b\u50b5\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u50b5\u52d9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u606f\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\uff0c\u767c\u50b5\u5c31\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\u589e\u52a0\u523a\u6fc0\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\u50b5\u52d9\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u9084\u4e0d\u8d77\u9322\uff0c\u9280\u7d19\u53ea\u8981\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u552f\u4e00\u9700\u8981\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u53ea\u662f\u901a\u8ca8\u81a8\u8139\uff0c\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\u589e\u52a0\u8d85\u51fa\u5be6\u9ad4\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002MMT\u597d\u50cf\u4e3b\u7d71\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u93e1\u5b50\uff0c\u628a\u6574\u500b\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\u7684\u53cd\u8f49\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u8aaa\u5f97\u901a\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u6536\u7a05\u7136\u5f8c\u624d\u6709\u9322\u53bb\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5148\u628a\u9322\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\u8b93\u4eba\u6c11\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7528\u7a05\u6536\u70ba\u9322\u8ce6\u8207\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u7a05\u6536\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u8ca8\u5e63\u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7a05\u6536\u5c31\u662f\u8ca8\u5e63\u5f9e\u5e02\u5834\u4e2d\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002 \u7576\u7406\u89e3\u570b\u50b5\u3001\u7a05\u6536\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u652f\u7684\u65b0\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f8c\uff0cStephanie Kelton\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u5167\u63d0\u51fa\u5979\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5979\u5728\u5967\u5df4\u99ac\u4e16\u4ee3\u66f4\u7576\u570b\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u9867\u554f\uff0c\u5979\u6279\u8a55\u570b\u6703\u9810\u7b97\u6848\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u5012\u4e5f\u4e2d\u80af\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u9ee8\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u60f3\u524a\u6e1b\u958b\u652f\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u60f3\u52a0\u7a05\uff0c\u6e90\u65bc\u5169\u9ee8\u90fd\u8aa4\u89e3\u570b\u5bb6\u8ca1\u653f\u8981\u76e1\u5165\u70ba\u51fa\u3002\u524a\u6e1b\u958b\u652f\u548c\u52a0\u7a05\u90fd\u662f\u6e1b\u5c11\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u5168\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u4ecd\u589e\u9577\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u524a\u6e1b\u958b\u652f\u6216\u52a0\u7a05\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u9322\u662f\u82b1\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u3001\u57fa\u5efa\u7b49\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u8ca1\u653f\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u61c9\u6d17\u5247\u6d17\u3002\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5305\u5e95\u7684\u5168\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u5de5\u8fd4\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u5c0e\u56b4\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8cc7\uff0c\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u89f8\u89ba\u544a\u8a22\u6211\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u751f\u7522\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u53ea\u63cf\u5beb\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u662fMMT\u53cd\u5c0d\u5168\u6c11\u6700\u4f4e\u6536\u5165(Universal Basic Income, UBI)\uff0cUBI\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u6709\u9322\u6536\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u53ef\u904b\u7528\u751f\u7522\u529b\uff0c\u8207MMT\u5168\u6c11\u5c31\u696d\u6700\u9ad8\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002 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"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf"","block_context":{"text":"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_society\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/715Ez14UtL.jpg?fit=774%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/715Ez14UtL.jpg?fit=774%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/715Ez14UtL.jpg?fit=774%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/715Ez14UtL.jpg?fit=774%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":11117,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2016\/09\/21\/thinking-fast-slow-daniel-kahneman\/","url_meta":{"origin":686,"position":4},"title":"Thinking, Fast and Slow – Daniel Kahneman","author":"hevangel","date":"September 21, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0\u300a\u5feb\u601d\u6162\u60f3\u300b\u65e9\u5e7e\u5e74\u5341\u5206\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u771f\u5047\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4eba\u624b\u4e00\u672c\uff0c\u5831\u7ae0\u96dc\u8a8c\u7db2\u5a92\u4e0d\u505c\u5439\u6367\uff0c\u5f77\u5f7f\u4e0d\u8aaa\u8aaa\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e00\u4e8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u986f\u5f97\u81ea\u5df2\u898b\u8b58\u6dfa\u8584\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5927\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u300c\u5149\u74b0\u6548\u61c9\u300d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005Daniel Kahneman\u88ab\u8b7d\u70ba\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u300d\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e26\u56e0\u800c\u69ae\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u4ed6\u591a\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u4ee5\uff08\u76f8\u5c0d\uff09\u6dfa\u767d\u6587\u5b57\u5beb\u7684\u79d1\u666e\u66f8\u85c9\u3002\u8001\u5be6\u8aaa\uff0c\u773e\u591a\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u85a6\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u540d\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u61f7\u7591\u6709\u5e7e\u591a\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u5f9e\u982d\u5230\u5c3e\u628a\u5168\u66f8\u770b\u5b8c\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u539a\u9054500\u591a\u9801\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u70ba\u4e3b\u8ef8\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u9817\u70ba\u67af\u71e5\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u300c\u884c\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u6703\u63a8\u85a6\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4f5c\u5165\u9580\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6027\u8cea\u76f8\u8fd1\u66f8\u85c9\uff0c\u5982Stumbling on Happiness\uff0cPredictably Irrational\uff0cSuperforcasting\u6216Nudge\u7b49\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u8da3\u6613\u8b80\u3002\u884c\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7531Kahneman\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a08\u4ed6\u767c\u8868\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u539f\u6587\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u6b77\u53f2\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u63a8\u5ee3\u6b64\u66f8\u70ba\u79d1\u666e\u6d88\u9592\u66f8\u85c9\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u6df1\u6dfa\u5176\u5be6\u8207\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8ab2\u672c\u76f8\u82e5\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u8981\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u6e96\u5099\u3002 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\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb\uff1aDaniel Kahneman\uff0c\u7f8e\u85c9\u7336\u592a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c2002\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c\u884c\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78(Behavioral Economics)\u4e4b\u7236\u3002","rel":"","context":"In "\u66f8\u8a55"","block_context":{"text":"\u66f8\u8a55","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/71wvKXWfcML.jpg?fit=809%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/71wvKXWfcML.jpg?fit=809%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/71wvKXWfcML.jpg?fit=809%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/71wvKXWfcML.jpg?fit=809%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3653,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/11\/02\/the-logic-of-life-tim-harford\/","url_meta":{"origin":686,"position":5},"title":"The Logic of Life – Tim Harford","author":"hevangel","date":"November 2, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"\u8aaa\u8d77\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6703\u806f\u60f3\u8d77\u5831\u7ae0\u4e0a\u6c89\u60b6\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6578\u5b57\ufe50\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u53ea\u662f\u7092\u80a1\u7968\u8cfa\u9322\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\u82e5\u79d1\u666e\u8b80\u7269\u5c07\u79d1\u5b78\u666e\u53ca\u5316\ufe50\u90a3\u7d93\u666e\u8b80\u7269\u4fbf\u662f\u5c07\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u666e\u53ca\u5316\ufe50\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e5f\u770b\u5f97\u61c2\u7684\u6587\u5b57\ufe50\u4ecb\u7d39\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\ufe50\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u9192\u5bdf\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8207\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u3002Tim 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