{"id":9345,"date":"2015-10-15T21:53:05","date_gmt":"2015-10-16T05:53:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=9345"},"modified":"2015-10-28T15:06:49","modified_gmt":"2015-10-28T23:06:49","slug":"the-price-of-inequality-joseph-stiglitz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/15\/the-price-of-inequality-joseph-stiglitz\/","title":{"rendered":"The Price of Inequality &#8211; Joseph Stiglitz"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Price-of-Inequality-cover.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9348\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/15\/the-price-of-inequality-joseph-stiglitz\/price-of-inequality-cover\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Price-of-Inequality-cover.jpg?fit=395%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"395,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Price-of-Inequality-cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Price-of-Inequality-cover.jpg?fit=395%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9348\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Price-of-Inequality-cover-198x300.jpg?resize=198%2C300\" alt=\"Price-of-Inequality-cover\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Price-of-Inequality-cover.jpg?resize=198%2C300&amp;ssl=1 198w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Price-of-Inequality-cover.jpg?w=395&amp;ssl=1 395w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>We have created an economy and a society in which great wealth is amassed through rent seeking<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u60a3\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u800c\u60a3\u4e0d\u516c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f54\u9818\u83ef\u723e\u8857\u300c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u662f99%\u300d\u9019\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u6e90\u65bcJoseph Stiglitz\u65bc\u300a\u540d\u5229\u5834\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3008Of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1%\u3009\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u76841%\u4eba\uff0c\u4f54\u6709\u903e\u56db\u6210\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u6d3b\u5728\u300c\u5805\u96e2\u5730\u300d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed699%\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u812b\u7bc0\u3002\u5e73\u5e38\u5de6\u7ffc\u4efd\u5b50\u6279\u8a55\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\uff0c\u8a34\u8aaa\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\uff0c\u6253\u5012\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5c11\u81ea\u547d\u4e2d\u7522\u4eba\u4ed5\u807d\u4e0d\u5165\u8033\u3002\u4eca\u6b21\u7531\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u717d\u60c5\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u6539\u4ee5\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u8feb\u4ee4\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u8996\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u4e4b\u5f0a\u3002\u300aThe Price of Inequality\u300b\u662f1%\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7533\u5ef6\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u4e00\u5411\u4ee5meritocracy\u81ea\u8c6a\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5922\u8207\u7345\u5b50\u5c71\u7cbe\u795e\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u6df1\u4fe1\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u624d\u5e79\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u98db\u9ec3\u9a30\u9054\u3002\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u5922\u788e\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u505c\u6eef\u4e0d\u524d\uff0c\u5931\u696d\u7387\u9577\u671f\u9ad8\u4f0110%\uff0c\u4e2d\u7522\u840e\u7e2e\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8ca1\u5bcc\u66f4\u8da8\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u3002\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u975e\u58de\u4e8b\uff0c\u82e5\u5e02\u5834\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u56de\u5831\u6309\u751f\u7522\u529b\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u591a\u7522\u591a\u5f97\u5f88\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u90a31%\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u975e\u4f86\u81ea\u9ad8\u751f\u7522\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u5c0b\u79df(renk seeking)\u3002\u5c0b\u79df\u662f\u6307\u4f9b\u7d66\u5f48\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u8d85\u984d\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c08\u71df\u58df\u65b7\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5c0b\u79df\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u5b9a\u5546\u865f\u624d\u80fd\u7d93\u71df\u67d0\u751f\u610f\u3002\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u50f9\u683c\u9ad8\u4f01\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u9322\u4fbf\u5f9e\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u53e3\u888b\u8f49\u79fb\u81f3\u5546\u5bb6\u624b\u4e0a\u3002\u7562\u7adf\u7f8e\u570b\u662f\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5982\u6b64\u8d64\u797c\u5730\u525d\u524a\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5c0b\u79df\u8b8a\u5f97\u8907\u96dc\u96b1\u8aa8\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7f8e\u5176\u540d\u6253\u8457\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u5132\u5c40\u8207\u83ef\u723e\u8857\u95dc\u4fc2\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u91d1\u878d\u696d\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u5c0d\u91d1\u878d\u696d\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u7b49\u65bc\u5c0d\u5168\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u5229\u300208\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u6d77\u562f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u9322\u6253\u6551\u9280\u884c\uff0c\u9280\u884c \u9ad8\u5c64\u537b\u7528\u6551\u547d\u9322\u6d3e\u5de8\u984d\u82b1\u7d05\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u554f\u984c\u7684\u51b0\u5c71\u4e00\u89d2\u3002\u9280\u884c\u4e0d\u52d9\u672c\u696d\u6d89\u8db3\u8ca2\u687f\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u7528\u5b58\u6236\u7684\u9322\u53bb\u8c6a\u8ced\uff0c\u56e0\u5b58\u6b3e\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u8d0f\u9322\u5c31\u81ea\u5df2\u888b\uff0c\u8f38\u9322\u5c31\u653f\u5e9c\u5305\u5e95\u3002\u806f\u5132\u5c40 \u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7dad\u8b77\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u672c\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8abf\u6574\u5229\u606f\u4e4b\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u901a\u6f32\u8207\u5931\u696d\u7387\u4f5c\u51fa\u53d6\u6368\u3002\u70ba\u4f55\u73fe\u5728\u9ad8\u901a\u6f32\u5df2\u6210\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u806f\u5132\u5c40\u4ecd\u820a\u6f20\u8996\u5931\u696d\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\u5462\uff1f \u539f\u56e0\u662f\u83ef\u723e\u8857\u8a8d\u70ba\u50b5\u5377\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u6bd4\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u8fb2\u696d\u6216\u63a1\u6cb9\u958b\u7926\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e00\u5411\u662f\u5c0b\u79df\u7684\u5bf5\u5152\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a05\u52d9\u512a\u60e0\uff0c\u5927\u898f \u6a21\u88dc\u52a9\u570b\u5167\u8fb2\u696d\uff0c\u539f\u610f\u662f\u7dad\u6301\u8fb2\u592b\u751f\u8a08\uff0c\u7a69\u5b9a\u570b\u5167\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u6dea\u70ba\u5de8\u7121\u9738\u4f01\u696d\u8fb2\u5834\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u628a\u77f3\u6cb9\u6216\u7926\u7269\u7684\u958b\u63a1\u6b0a\u4f4e\u50f9\u8cb7\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u6578\u76ee\u96d6\u9f90\u5927\u5012\u6709\u9084\u6709\u6578\u53ef\u8a08\u3002\u66f4\u904e\u4efd\u662f\u6e90\u65bc\u5bec\u9b06\u7684\u74b0\u4fdd\u6cd5\u4f8b\uff0c\u8cc7\u6e90\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5229\u6f64\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u57cb\u55ae\u7684\u754c\u5916\u6548\u61c9(negative externality)\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u5e78\u767c\u751f\u56b4\u91cd\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u8cc7\u6e90\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8ce0\u511f\u53ef\u5c01\u9802\u514d\u8cac\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u9322\u6e05\u7406\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u6210\u672c\u7701\u4e0b\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u51fa\u610f\u5916\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u537b\u7531\u7d0d\u7a05\u4eba\u627f\u64d4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u6c7a\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u958b\u51fa\u7684\u85e5\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\u8ca1\u5bcc\u518d\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u52a0\u7a05\u589e\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u65e9\u8aaa\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\uff0cStiglitz\u8c48\u6703\u91cd\u8f1c\u8986\u8f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5f9e\u6700\u6839\u672c\u8655\u8457\u624b\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u7a05\u5236\u548c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u675c\u7d55\u5c0b\u79df\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u58df\u65b7\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u8b93\u5e02\u5834\u56de\u5fa9\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u4ee4\u751f\u7522\u529b\u8207\u56de\u5831\u63a5\u8ecc\u3002\u7d93\u6fdf\u8ab2\u672c\u8aaa\u52a0\u7a05\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u4eba\u56e0\u56de\u5831\u4e0b\u964d\u800c\u6e1b\u5c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u79df\u91d1\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u662f\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u52a0\u7a05\u800c\u6d88\u6563\uff0c\u5411\u5b83\u62bd\u591a\u7a05\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u751f\u7522\u7e3d\u503c\u3002\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u58eb\u724c\uff0c20\u5e74\u5167\u7531200\u842c\u5143\u5347\u81f3700\u842c\u5143\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u724c\u50f9\u5347\u5e45\u4e26\u975e\u4f86\u81ea\u5176\u589e\u591a\u7684\u751f\u7522\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0b\u79df\u3002\u4e0d\u8ad6\u724c\u50f9\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u7684\u58eb\u53f8\u6a5f\u90fd\u662f\u7167\u6a23\u958b\u5de5\uff0c\u6ea2\u50f9\u6210\u70ba\u8eca\u79df\u843d\u5165\u6301\u724c\u4eba\u53e3\u888b\u3002\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u724c\u50f9\u62bd\u7a05\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\u7684\u58eb\u6578\u76ee\u548c\u53f8\u6a5f\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u6ea2\u50f9\u53c8\u53ef\u6536\u6b78\u5eab\u623f\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u52a0\u7a05\u767e\u5229\u800c\u7121\u4e00\u5bb3\u3002\u8aaa\u56de\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u5f9e\u91d1\u878d\u696d\u5230\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u5f9e\u91ab\u85e5\u5230\u8ecd\u5de5\u696d\uff0c\u79df\u5c0b\u4fef\u62fe\u7686\u662f\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0b\u6c7a\u5fc3\u5411\u5927\u4f01\u696d\u53d6\u56de\u7a05\u6b3e\uff0c\u6709\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u52a0\u7a05\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u8db3\u5920\u806f\u90a6\u8d64\u5b57\u8f49\u8667\u70ba\u76c8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u7a05\u958b\u6e90\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u5f37\u8abf\u7a05\u91d1\u8981\u7528\u5f97\u5176\u6240\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7d14\u8403\u6d3e\u9322\u7d66\u7aae\u4eba\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u7576\u793e\u6703\u6295\u8cc7\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u628a\u9322\u6295\u653e\u5728\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\uff0c\u91ab\u85e5\uff0c\u57fa\u5efa\u5404\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9577\u9060\u63d0\u5347\u4eba\u6c11\u6574\u9ad4\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u9ad8\u56de\u5831\u9ad8\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4ea6\u8981\u5145\u7576\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u5b88\u8b77\u8005\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u78ba\u4fdd\u5e02\u5834\u900f\u660e\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7a31\uff0c\u4ee4\u5e02\u5834\u5411\u5927\u4f01\u696d\u50be\u659c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u6309\u8cc7\u8a0a\u591a\u5be1\u5206\u914d\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5e02\u5834\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7834\u7522\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u8cb8\u6b3e\u6c38\u4e0d\u52fe\u92b7\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u70ba\u8ffd\u9010\u5229\u606f\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u7121\u8996\u5b78\u751f\u672a\u4f86\u9084\u6b3e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a8d\u771f\u5be9\u67e5\u501f\u8ca8\u7533\u8acb\uff0c\u8b93\u5b78\u751f\u501f\u9322\u8b80\u7648\u79d1\uff0c\u7562\u696d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u8cc7\u6e90\u932f\u914d\u505a\u6210\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3002\u82e5\u628a\u7834\u7522\u58de\u8cec\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u5f9e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c31\u696d\u5e02\u5834\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u64c1\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6578\u64da\u7684\u9280\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u9280\u884c\u4fbf\u6703\u4ed4\u7d30\u8a55\u4f30\u6bcf\u7b46\u501f\u8cb8\uff0c\u6e1b\u4f4e\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u7121\u9322\u9084\u50b5\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u80b2\u8cc7\u6e90\u904b\u7528\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u7701\u80fd\u529b\u5f37\uff0c\u7cbe\u82f11%\u4ea6\u975e\u8822\u6750\uff0c\u660e\u767d\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u975e\u9577\u4e45\u4e4b\u8a08\u3002\u6539\u9769\u640d\u5bb3\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5f15\u8d77\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u77ed\u66ab\u9663\u75db\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u660e\u5929\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u540c\u6a23\u98fd\u53d7\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u793e\u6703\u6709\u53cd\u7701\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6c7a\u5fc3\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb\uff1aJoseph Stiglitz\uff0c2001\u5e74\u6191\u300c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7a31\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u69ae\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u734e\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u8ad6\u6307\u51fa\u5b8c\u5168\u5e02\u5834\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u9996\u5e2d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u7d93\u6fdf\u9867\u554f\u7b49\u8981\u8077\uff0c\u5e38\u64b0\u6587\u8a55\u64ca\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u5ff5\u548cIMF\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u88ab\u6642\u4ee3\u96dc\u8a8c\u8b7d\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u520a\u65bc<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/readmonthly\">\u300a\u95b1\u520a\u300b<\/a>\u5341\u6708\u865f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/read_monthly_sep2015.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9673\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2015\/10\/15\/the-price-of-inequality-joseph-stiglitz\/read_monthly_sep2015\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/read_monthly_sep2015.jpg?fit=1589%2C1029&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1589,1029\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"read_monthly_sep2015\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/read_monthly_sep2015.jpg?fit=474%2C307&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9673\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/read_monthly_sep2015-300x194.jpg?resize=300%2C194\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/read_monthly_sep2015.jpg?resize=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/read_monthly_sep2015.jpg?resize=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/read_monthly_sep2015.jpg?resize=150%2C97&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/read_monthly_sep2015.jpg?resize=400%2C259&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/read_monthly_sep2015.jpg?w=1589&amp;ssl=1 1589w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/read_monthly_sep2015.jpg?w=948&amp;ssl=1 948w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/read_monthly_sep2015.jpg?w=1422&amp;ssl=1 1422w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We have created an economy and a society in which great wealth is amassed through rent seeking \u4e0d\u60a3\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u800c\u60a3\u4e0d\u516c \u4f54\u9818\u83ef\u723e\u8857\u300c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u662f99%\u300d\u9019\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u6e90\u65bcJoseph Stiglitz\u65bc\u300a\u540d\u5229\u5834\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3008Of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1%\u3009\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u6700\u5bcc\u6709\u76841%\u4eba\uff0c\u4f54\u6709\u903e\u56db\u6210\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\uff0c\u6d3b\u5728\u300c\u5805\u96e2\u5730\u300d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed699%\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u812b\u7bc0\u3002\u5e73\u5e38\u5de6\u7ffc\u4efd\u5b50\u6279\u8a55\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\uff0c\u8a34\u8aaa\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\uff0c\u6253\u5012\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5c11\u81ea\u547d\u4e2d\u7522\u4eba\u4ed5\u807d\u4e0d\u5165\u8033\u3002\u4eca\u6b21\u7531\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f86\u8b1b\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u717d\u60c5\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u6539\u4ee5\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u8feb\u4ee4\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u8996\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u4e4b\u5f0a\u3002\u300aThe Price of 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\u6700\u5f8c\u60f3\u8aaa\u8aaa\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\ufe50\u793e\u6703\u5206\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u76f2\u76ee\u652f\u6301Rawls\u7684Egalitarian\u90a3\u5957\ufe50\u8981\u628a\u8cc7\u6e90\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u7d66\u7aae\u4eba\u624d\u53eb\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u6539\u826f\u578b\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5236\u5ea6\ufe50\u5982Minimium Tolerance\ufe50\u7d66\u8207\u7aae\u4eba\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4fdd\u969c\u5982\u7d9c\u7de9\ufe50\u6216Waltz\u7684Complex Equality\ufe50\u9650\u5236\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u628a\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u628a\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u7d66\u751f\u7522\u529b\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7d66\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u4eba\ufe50\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8eab\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\ufe50\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u6b0a\u4eab\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5206\u5b50\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u628a\u4f4e\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u4eab\u53d7\u5c11\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6e90\u624d\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u554a\ufe57 \u6700\u5f8c\u60f3\u8aaa\u591a\u53e5\ufe50\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u6027\u7406\u7531\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u57fa\u5c64\u8981\u6709\u9069\u7576\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u60c5\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u6295\u8cc7\ufe50\u5e0c\u671b\u5e6b\u57fa\u5c64\u4e00\u628a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u812b\u96e2\u57fa\u5c64\ufe50\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u4f5c\u51fa\u591a\u4e9b\u4f9b\u737b\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6240\u8aaa\ufe50\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u4e2d\u7522\u6b20\u4e86\u57fa\u5c64\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u7522\u6240\u5f97\ufe50\u82e5\u8981\u88ab\u8feb\u5206\u7d66\u5225\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u540c\u60c5\u662f\u5584\u5fc3\u5f97\u9f13\u52f5\ufe50\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u662f\u9053\u7406\ufe50\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u8feb\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u7522\u70ba\u57fa\u5c64\u72a7\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_society\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1253,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2007\/04\/29\/%e7%9b%b8%e5%b0%8d%e8%b2%a7%e7%aa%ae\/","url_meta":{"origin":9345,"position":1},"title":"\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ca7\u7aae","author":"hevangel","date":"April 29, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"\u8aaa\u8d77\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u8ca7\u7aae\ufe50\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u4eba\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6703\u60f3\u8d77\u975e\u6d32\u90a3\u4e9b\u9913\u5f88\u7626\u9aa8\u5982\u67f4\u7684\u98e2\u6c11\ufe50 \u53c8\u6216\u8005\u5728\u96fb\u8996\u65b0\u805e\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u90a3\u4e9b\u8863\u4e0d\u853d\u9ad4\ufe50\u9802\u7121\u7247\u74e6\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u3002\u7562\u5883\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u9053\u8cac\u4efb\u9084\u662f\u8eab\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u6709\u4eba\u9023\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u53ef\u5e78\u7684\u96a8\u8457\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u65e5\u6f38\u5bcc\u88d5\ufe50\u793e\u6703\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8ca0\u64d4\u516c\u5171\u798f\u5229\u70ba\u4eba\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5fc5\u9700\ufe50\u5728\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u751f\u6d3b\u65bc\u8ca7\u7aae\u7dda\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u5df2\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\ufe50\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u8def\u6709\u51cd\u6b7b\u9aa8\u6216\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u8981\u6328\u809a\u9913\u7684\u6158\u6cc1\u3002\u6b63\u7576\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6ec5\u8ca7\u5927\u8a08\u53d6\u5f97\u7a7a\u524d\u6210\u529f\ufe50\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u8005\u537b\u63d0\u51fa\u8ca7\u7aae\u4e00\u500b\u7684\u65b0\u6168\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7a31\u70ba\u7d55\u5c0d\u8ca7\u7aae (absolute poverty)\ufe50\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ca7\u7aae (relative poverty)\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u8ca7\u7aae\u4e0d\u518d\u55ae\u7d14\u662f\u5403\u4e0d\u98fd\u7a7f\u4e0d\u6696\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u800c\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u672a\u80fd\u8ca0\u64d4\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u80fd\u529b\ufe50\u672a\u80fd\u4eab\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\ufe50\u5f9e\u800c\u611f\u89ba\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8ca7\u7aae\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u8ca7\u7aae\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6307\u6a19\ufe50\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u6168\u5ff5\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u8005\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\ufe50\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u7522\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u8ca7\u7aae\ufe50\u53ea\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8ca1\u5bcc\ufe50\u6539\u8b8a\u73fe\u884c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u67b6\u69cb\ufe50\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u89e3\u6c7a\u8ca7\u7aae\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u904e\ufe50\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ca7\u7aae\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u55ce\ufe56 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&quot;\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_society\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7734,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2013\/10\/09\/false-economy-a-surprising-economic-history-of-the-world-alan-beattie-%e5%9c%8b%e5%ae%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%91%bd%e9%81%8b%e5%a5%bd%e5%a5%bd%e7%8e%a9\/","url_meta":{"origin":9345,"position":2},"title":"False Economy &#8211; Alan Beattie \u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u547d\u904b\u597d\u597d\u73a9","author":"hevangel","date":"October 9, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"\u8b80\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u80fd\u5920\u5206\u6790\u4e16\u614b\uff0c\u8b80\u6b77\u53f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u9452\u53e4\u77e5\u4eca\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u628a\u5169\u8005\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8208\u8870\u4f86\u4f50\u8b49\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u5169\u500b\u8d77\u8dd1\u9ede\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5728\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\u5169\u570b\u4e4b\u9593\u6703\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u3002\u4f5c\u8005Alan Beattie\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u6642\u5831\u7684\u7de8\u8f2f\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6587\u7b46\u5e7d\u9ed8\u8cc7\u6599\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u89e3\u91cb\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\uff0c\u8f14\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8da3\u805e\u8efc\u4e8b\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u8f15\u9b06\u6613\u8b80\u3002 \u82f1\u6587\u66f8\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u526f\u984cA Surprising Economic History of the World\uff0c\u958b\u5b97\u660e\u7fa9\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u66f8\u540dFalse Economy\uff08\u865b\u5047\u7d93\u6fdf\uff09\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8853\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u6307\u8457\u773c\u524d\u7bc0\u7701\u5c0f\u9322\u4f46\u9577\u9060\u8981\u5012\u8ce0\u5927\u9322\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u8cab\u901a\u5168\u66f8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u628a\u570b\u5bb6\u63a8\u9032\u4e00\u8e76\u4e0d\u632f\u7684\u8870\u9000\u5883\u5730\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6e90\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u56e0\u5c0f\u5931\u5927\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u7d93\u6fdf\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u4e2d\u6587\u66f8\u540d\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u547d\u904b\u597d\u597d\u73a9\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u540d\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u8b02\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u96e2\u984c\u517c\u8d95\u5ba2\u3002 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\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5167\u7684\u8ca7\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u589e\u9577\u4e866%\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u6210\u679c\u5206\u914d\u6975\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5747\u300d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u904e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4eba\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8ca2\u737b\u5462\uff1f\u82e5\u679c\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4f9d\u7136\u505a\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u7522\u529b\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a08\u56e0\u901a\u6f32\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u85aa\u91d1\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5be6\u8cea\u5de5\u8cc7\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u5462\uff1f\u66f4\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u5728\u90a3\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4eba\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u597d\u4e9b\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u9818\u53d6\u798f\u5229\u904e\u6d3b\uff0c\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5168\u7121\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u9084\u597d\u610f\u601d\u539a\u8457\u9762\u76ae\u53bb\u5206\u4eab\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u4f5c\u8005\u53cd\u554f\u300c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u653f\u5e9c\u6551\u5e02\u4e0d\u6551\u4eba\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u6a5f\u69cb\u7533\u8acb\u7834\u7522\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c64\u4eba\u54e1\u9084\u53ef\u7372\u5de8\u984d\u85aa\u91d1\u548c\u82b1\u7d05\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u4f55\u6703\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u6b65\u300d\u3002\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df2\u624d\u8aaa\u904e\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u6551\u5e02\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5f15\u81f4\u9053\u5fb7\u98a8\u96aa(moral hazard)\uff0c\u9019\u7b46\u7cca\u5857\u8cec\u600e\u6a23\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u7b97\u5230\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u982d\u4e0a\u4f86\u5427\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u793e\u6703\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5de6\u6d3e\u907a\u7559\u7684\u9918\u6bd2\u9084\u672a\u5fb9\u5e95\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u96f6\u516b\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u6d77\u562f\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\u662f\u6b21\u6309\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u800c\u6b21\u6309\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u6b63\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9810\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u8981\u5169\u623f\u9054\u6210\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u5c4b\u4f4f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8ca8\u6b3e\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u5920\u9084\u50b5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u786c\u751f\u751f\u628a\u9055\u7d04\u98a8\u96aa\u6ce8\u5165\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u50b3\u70b8\u5f48\u904a\u6232\u3002 \u7ae0\u672a\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39\u300c\u99ac\u592a\u6548\u61c9\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8ca7\u7aae\u9677\u9631\u300d\uff0c\u60f3\u8aaa\u670d\u8b80\u8005\u5e02\u5834\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u300c\u5bcc\u8005\u8d8a\u5bcc\uff0c\u8ca7\u8005\u8d8a\u8ca7\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5927\u8a71\u6015\u8a08\u6578\uff0c\u6211\u4f8b\u8209\u5169\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u9577\u9060\u800c\u8a00\u300c\u99ac\u592a\u6548\u61c9\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9053\u74ca\u65af\u5de5\u696d\u6307\u6578\u4e09\u5341\u96bb\u6210\u5206\u80a1\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u6700\u6709\u9322\u7684\u5927\u4f01\u696d\uff0c1970\u5e74\u5230\u73fe\u572840\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e94\u9593\u516c\u53f8\u4ecd\u7136\u7559\u5728\u6307\u6578\u5167\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u516c\u53f8\u7121\u5f97\u7559\u5e95\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u66f4\u52a0\u7834\u7522\u6536\u5834\u3002\u963f\u6839\u5ead\u65bc1900\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5341\u5f37\uff0c\u4eba\u5747GPD\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u63a5\u8fd1\u7f8e\u570b\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u963f\u6839\u5ead\u5247\u6dea\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u53cd\u89c0\u4e9e\u6d32\u5404\u570b\u5982\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5357\u97d3\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7b49\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u7aae\u4e8c\u767d\u5230\u6649\u9032\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u53ef\u898b\u6709\u9322\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u5931\u8aa4\u800c\u8b8a\u6210\u7121\u9322\uff0c\u7121\u9322\u7684\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6191\u9032\u6b65\u5f8c\u4f86\u8ffd\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4fbf\u662f\u5275\u9020\u6027\u6bc0\u6ec5(creative destruction)\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002 \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1a\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u8836\u98df\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c \u9019\u4e00\u7ae0\u8f49\u800c\u6279\u8a55\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4f5c\u8005\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c0d\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u8aa4\u89e3\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u8aaa \u5982\u679c\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u9858\u8cb7\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u9858\u8ce3\u300d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u7e3b\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u793e\u6703\u90fd\u4e0d\u8a31\u8ce3\u8840\uff0c\u8ce3\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u8ce3\u6deb\uff0c\u8ce3\u6bd2\u54c1\uff0c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5b98\u8077\uff0c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u300c\u8ce3\u8eab\u846c\u7236\u300d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u8a31\u8ce3\u300c\u9ec3\u725b\u98db\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4f60\u60c5\u6211\u9858\u7684\u9ad8\u5229\u8ca8\uff0c\u5305\u652c\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u63a8\u92b7\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u88ab\u5217\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\uff1f\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6289\u64c7\u4e4b\u4e0a \u9996\u5148\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u8b02\u8cb7\u8ce3\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8981\u5c0a\u91cd\u634d\u885b\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u3002\u8ce3\u8840\uff0c\u8ce3\u5668\u8840\uff0c\u8ce3\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u8ce3\u8eab\u846c\u7236\u7b49\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u4eba\u6b0a\u628a\u4eba\u985e\u8cb6\u70ba\u8ca8\u7269\uff0c\u8207\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u4ee5\u5408\u7d04\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u8aa0\u4fe1\u70ba\u5927\u524d\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u7528\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u76e3\u7763\u4eba\u6c11\u5c65\u884c\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u3002\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5b98\u8077\uff0c\u7092\u9ec3\u725b\u98db\uff0c\u9ad8\u5229\u8ca8\uff0c\u5305\u652c\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5f0f\u63a8\u92b7\u7b49\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53cd\u5c0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u542b\u6709\u6b3a\u9a19\u6216\u9055\u7d04\u6210\u4efd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5b97\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bd2\u54c1\u4e0d\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u5176\u4ed6\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u6216\u53cd\u5c0d\u8ce3\u6bd2\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u7981\u4e0d\u7981\u6bd2\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u6210\u672c\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u8ce3\u6deb\u561b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u5168\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u897f\u65b9\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u8ce3\u6deb\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u72af\u6cd5\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u626f\u76ae\u689d\u3002 \u63a5\u8457\u9019\u7ae0\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6279\u8a55\u5e02\u5834\u5316\uff0c\u8aaa\u300c\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u662f\u56b4\u91cd\u5730\u8836\u98df\u8457\u4eba\u969b\u9593\u7684\u502b\u7406\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ee5\u53ca\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u50f9\u503c\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u8209\u51fa\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8a17\u5152\u6240\u5c0d\u9072\u5230\u63a5\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u5bb6\u9577\u5f15\u5165\u7f70\u6b3e\u4f5c\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5728Predictably Irrational\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u6211\u4e5f\u6709\u770b\u904e\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u628a\u9019\u500b\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u672a\u514d\u904e\u4efd\u806f\u60f3\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u8166\u5206\u70ba\u611f\u6027\u548c\u7406\u6027\u5169\u500b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u5f97\u51fa\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u975e\u7406\u6027\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\uff0c\u65e9\u5df2\u6649\u8eab\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6Maurice Allais\u66f4\u6191\u6b64\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u734e\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u884c\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5169\u8005\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bb9\u5171\u8655\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5f71\u97ff\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u4f5c\u8005\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u6253\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u6279\u8a55\u6d88\u8cbb\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8aaa\u300c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5341\u8db3\u5947\u602a\u7684\u672c\u672b\u5012\u7f6e\u300d\uff0c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e5f\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\u9019\u756a\u8aaa\u8a71\u3002\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4fbf\u662f\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8cc7\u672c\u53bb\u589e\u52a0\u751f\u7522\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u503c\u50f9\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u537b\u53cd\u884c\u5176\u9053\u628a\u9322\u82b1\u6389\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u89e3\u4f5c\u8005\u628a\u6d88\u8cbb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b97\u5230\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u982d\u4e0a\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u4ed6\u53c8\u8aaa\uff1a \u6309\u7167\u300c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5927\u53ef\u5c07\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u516c\u5712\u3001\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u3001\u535a\u7269\u9928\u3001\u90f5\u653f\u5c40\u3001\u6c34\u52d9\u8655\u3001\u6d88\u9632\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u6551\u50b7\u8eca\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u6c23\u50cf\u670d\u52d9\u7b49\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3002\u6240\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u5176\u81f3\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u8b66\u5bdf\u548c\u8ecd\u968a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7dad\u6301\u6cbb\u5b89\u53ef\u7531\u4fdd\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\u8ca0\u8cac\u3001\u570b\u9632\u5247\u53ef\u7531\u50f1\u50ad\u5175\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002\u5f9e\u7d93\u6fdf\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u8f49\u8b8a\u80af\u5b9a\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6548\u76ca\u300d\u3002 \u54a6~ \u9019\u7ae0\u958b\u9996\u4e0d\u624d\u525b\u525b\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9\u662f\u516c\u7528\u54c1(public goods)\uff0c\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4f86\u505a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u55ce\uff1f\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u53ef\u4e5f\u767e\u4efd\u767e\u8a8d\u540c\u9019\u9ede\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8c48\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u6253\u5634\u5df4\uff1f\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u63d0\u51fa\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9\u5e02\u5834\u7af6\u722d\u6bd4\u653f\u5e9c\u5305\u8fa6\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4fbf\u61c9\u8a72\u8b93\u5e02\u5834\u4f86\u505a\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u904e\u6240\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u670d\u52d9\u4e5f\u8981\u79c1\u71df\u5316\u554a\u3002\u518d\u8aaa\u591a\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u9019\u7ae0\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u5c0f\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u7528\u6700\u5f8c\u901a\u789f\u904a\u6232(Utlimatum Game)\uff0c\u8aaa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u4eba\u300d\u61c9\u8a72\u8b93\u4eba\u5bb6\u62ff\u4e5d\u5341\u4e5d\u5143\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u62cd\u5169\u6563\u4ee4\u5927\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6c92\u9322\u62ff\uff0c\u53bb\u8b49\u660e\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u8b80\u904e\u535a\u5955\u7406\u8ad6(Game Theory)\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u7121\u4ec7\u5831\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u904e\u904a\u6232single shot game\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u904e\u904a\u6232\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u904a\u6232\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8986\u904a\u6232(repeated game)\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u8986\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u62cd\u5169\u6563\u662f\u8feb\u5c0d\u624b\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c40\u5c31\u7bc4\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u8166\u5c31\u6703\u4f5c\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u518d\u8005\u5c31\u7b97\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u904e\u904a\u6232\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b93\u5c0d\u624b\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u62cd\u5169\u6563\u7684\u6c7a\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u4ed6\u4e82\u4f86\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u8aaa\u7406\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u592a\u904e\u77ed\u8996\u4e86\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u9577\u9060\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6307\u6a19 \u4f5c\u8005\u8aaa\u8981\u53cd\u8f49\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\uff0c\u9019\u7ae0\u6307\u51faGDP(Gross Domestic Product)\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u8ab2\u6216\u8a31\u6c92\u6709\u6559\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u8ab2\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u8b1b\u53caGDP\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u9019\u7ae0\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5168\u7121\u554f\u984c\u5341\u5206\u6b63\u8def\uff0cGDP\u7684\u4e14\u800c\u78ba\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u72f9\u9698\u548c\u504f\u9817\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u91cf\u5ea6\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e00\u5e74\u5167\u7684\u82b1\u8cbb\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u53cd\u6620\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5982\u74b0\u5883\u8cc7\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u570b\u50b5\u589e\u52a0\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5927\u6168\u9664\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\u6703\u8a02\u4e0b\u81ea\u6b3a\u6b3a\u7684GDP\u589e\u9577\u76ee\u6a19\u5916\uff0c\u5916\u570b\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u65e9\u5df2\u8a08\u7b97\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u53bb\u5f4c\u4fddGDP\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u5982GNH(Gross National Happiness)\u6216HPI(Happy Planet Index)\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3GDP\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cf\u5ea6\u5feb\u6a02\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u592a\u5f37\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5ba2\u89c0\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u3002 \u66f8\u4e2d\u4ea6\u63d0\u53ca\u7528\u904e\u6642\u7684GNP(Gross\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u66f8\u8a55&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u66f8\u8a55","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/l_p0024271795.jpg?fit=536%2C720&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/l_p0024271795.jpg?fit=536%2C720&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/l_p0024271795.jpg?fit=536%2C720&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3974,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/01\/24\/%e7%b6%93%e6%bf%9f%e6%ae%ba%e6%89%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%91%8a%e7%99%bd-confessions-of-an-economic-hit-man-john-perkins\/","url_meta":{"origin":9345,"position":4},"title":"\u7d93\u6fdf\u6bba\u624b\u7684\u544a\u767d Confessions of an Economic Hit Man- John Perkins","author":"hevangel","date":"January 24, 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&quot;\u66f8\u8a55&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u66f8\u8a55","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_books\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/Confessions-of-An-Economic-Hitman-Cover.jpg?fit=750%2C1152&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/Confessions-of-An-Economic-Hitman-Cover.jpg?fit=750%2C1152&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/Confessions-of-An-Economic-Hitman-Cover.jpg?fit=750%2C1152&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/Confessions-of-An-Economic-Hitman-Cover.jpg?fit=750%2C1152&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14204,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2020\/08\/31\/the-deficit-myth-stephanie-kelton\/","url_meta":{"origin":9345,"position":5},"title":"The Deficit Myth &#8211; Stephanie Kelton (\u8d64\u5b57\u8ff7\u601d)","author":"hevangel","date":"August 31, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u8ca8\u5e63\u7406\u8ad6\u300d(Modern Monetary Theory, MMT)\u88ab\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7570\u7aef\u90aa\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u5f35\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u8a72\u5927\u5e45\u767c\u50b5\u589e\u52a0\u958b\u652f\u523a\u6fc0\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u65b0\u805e\u5e38\u807d\u7f8e\u570b\u6b50\u76df\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5168\u90fd\u50b5\u53f0\u9ad8\u7bc9\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6703\u544a\u8a22\u4f60\u50b5\u591a\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u9084\u50b5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u5f37\u52c1\u5c31\u842c\u4e8b\u5927\u5409\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005Stephanie Kelton\u65e9\u5e7e\u5e74\u9084\u662f\u540d\u4e0d\u7d93\u50b3\u7684\u4e8c\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74MMT\u9019\u53e6\u985e\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u958b\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5979\u8eab\u70ba\u958b\u8352\u725b\u4ea6\u5347\u4e0a\u795e\u67b1\uff0c\u8207\u4e00\u773e\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u5c0d\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u8ca8\u5e63\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u55e4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9f3b\uff0c\u9023\u8faf\u8ad6\u53cd\u99c1\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u524e\u6709\u4ecb\u4e8b\u822c\u7684\u537b\u56b4\u9663\u4ee5\u5f85\uff0c\u53ef\u898bMMT\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u662f\u56b4\u7dca\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u662fStephanie Kelton\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\u5730\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u8b80\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39MMT\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c64\u5c64\u63a8\u8ad6\u5f15\u5c0e\u8b80\u8005\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u73fe\u4eca\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5165\u9580\u66f8\uff0c\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7db2\u4e0a\u6279\u8a55MMT\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53cd\u5c04\u689d\u4ef6\u5730\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7121\u9650\u8209\u50b5\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u91dd\u5c0dMMT\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5167\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6211\u81ea\u8a8d\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u601d\u60f3\u5c6c\u65bc\u53f3\u6d3e\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u4f5b\u5229\u6c11\u548c\u5967\u5730\u5229\u5b78\u6d3e\u555f\u8499\uff0c\u4f46\u7adf\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u5168\u76e4\u63a5\u53d7MMT\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u5c0dStephanie Kelton\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7533\u5ef6\u61c9\u7528\u3002MMT\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u6b63\u597d\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u5132\u5c40\u548c\u6b50\u65e5\u592e\u884c\u7684\u7121\u9650\u91cf\u5316\u5bec\u9b06\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u6d41\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u660e\u986f\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u8655\u3002 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