{"id":992,"date":"2006-12-30T23:55:07","date_gmt":"2006-12-31T07:55:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?p=992"},"modified":"2015-10-29T00:14:49","modified_gmt":"2015-10-29T08:14:49","slug":"phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"PHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kymlicka\"<\/a>\u6211\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u8b80\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u6700\u958b\u5fc3\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u4eca\u6b21\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5de7\u8ab2\u53ea\u6709C-\ufe50\u4f46\u8003\u8a66\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u5f88\u7528\u529b\ufe50\u6700\u5f8c\u7e3d\u5206\u6709B\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9060\u5deeA\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\ufe50\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u6578\ufe50\u8b49\u660e\u6211\u9084\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6599\u5b50\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u8b80\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\ufe50\u5167\u5bb9\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u62bd\u96e2\ufe50\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8b70\u984c\u4e5f\u53ea\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u5167\u7684\u98a8\u6ce2\u3002\u4eca\u6b21\u8b80\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5247\u8207\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u5207\u8eab\u95dc\u4fc2\ufe50\u5c0d\u8ab2\u984c\u6709\u6295\u5165\u611f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u5206\u6790\u65b0\u805e\u6642\u4e8b\u7684\u8108\u7d61\ufe50\u770b\u7a7f\u653f\u6cbb\u8a55\u8ad6\u80cc\u5f8c\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u7576\u7136\u77e3\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u53e4\u5178\u653f\u6cbb\u653f\u5b78\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u63a2\u8a0e\u6b0a\u529b\ufe50\u570b\u5bb6\ufe50\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\ufe50\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5247\u63a2\u8a0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u516c\u7fa9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6a19\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u5e95\u4e0b\ufe50\u5c0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u9054\u5230\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9019\u9580\u8ab2\u63a1\u7528\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b78\u8005Will Kymlicka\u7684\u8ab2\u672c\ufe50\u6bcf\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u5148\u8b1b\u89e3\u5176\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c07\u5176\u5408\u7406\u5316\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u8207\u4e4b\u5c0d\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u6aa2\u8996\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u53ca\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5148\u5f9e\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5165\u624b\ufe50\u7c21\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u4e0a\ufe50\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u529f\u7528\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e0d\u540c\ufe50\u624d\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4e09\u7ae0\u5206\u5225\u8b1b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e09\u5927\u4e3b\u6d41\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4ee5\u53ca\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u4e0a\u534a\u5b78\u671f\u6559\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e92\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\ufe50\u4e92\u76f8\u6279\u8a55\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u3002\u4e0b\u534a\u5b78\u671f\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6709\u793e\u5340\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u516c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7fa9\ufe50\u4ee5\u53ca\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u69cb\ufe50\u53ea\u5617\u8a66\u4fee\u6b63\u4e09\u5927\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u5404\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u6aa2\u8996\ufe50\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u90e8\u4efd\u7406\u8ad6\u62bd\u51fa\u4f86\u76f8\u4e92\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u79d1\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8003\u8a66\u52a0\u5169\u4efd\u529f\u8ab2\ufe50\u5206\u5225\u662f\u5343\u4e94\u5b57\u7684\u77ed\u6587\u8207\u53ca\u4e09\u5343\u5b57\u7684\u9577\u6587\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u662f\u505a\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u5247\u662f\u81ea\u9078\u984c\u76ee\ufe50\u6211\u9078\u4e86\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u81ea\u7531\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u6279\u8a55\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u525d\u524a\u52de\u5de5\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3002\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u70ba\u6b64\u627e\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7684\u539f\u6587\u4f86\u8b80\ufe50\u9019\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u9664\u4e86\u62ff\u5230\u597d\u6210\u7e3e\u62c9\u9ad8\u7e3d\u5206\u5916\ufe50\u9084\u4f7f\u6211\u5728\u5beb\u54f2\u5b78\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0a\u7372\u76ca\u826f\u591a\u3002\u6211\u524d\u5f8c\u7e3d\u5171\u5beb\u4e86\u4e09\u4efd\u521d\u7a3f\u7d66\u6559\u6388\u6279\u6539\ufe50\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a3f\u7d66\u6559\u6388\u522a\u53bb\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7bc7\u5e45\ufe50\u8aaa\u5f88\u591a\u5167\u5bb9\u8a00\u4e0d\u53ca\u7fa9\ufe50\u517c\u5728\u884c\u6587\u9593\u5e36\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u7d20\u8cb6\u5e95\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4e0d\u4e4e\u5408\u54f2\u5b78\u6587\u7ae0\u8457\u91cd\u7406\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u9019\u8ab2\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4e0d\u55ae\u6559\u6211\u5011\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\ufe50\u9084\u88dc\u8ab2\u6559\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u5beb\u7bc7\u56db\u5e73\u516b\u7a69\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ad6\u554f\u3002\u5728\u6279\u5224\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u524d\ufe50\u9996\u5148\u8981\u80fd\u5920\u6e05\u695a\u7121\u8aa4\u5730\u89e3\u7406\u8981\u6279\u5224\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\ufe50\u624d\u4e0d\u6703\u72af\u4e86\u653b\u64ca\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u3002\u55ae\u5beb\u63a8\u8ad6\u53bb\u4f5c\u51fa\u6279\u5224\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u5920\ufe50\u9084\u8981\u9810\u671f\u5c0d\u65b9\u6703\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u56de\u61c9\ufe50\u4e26\u52a0\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u6aa2\u8996\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u3002\u8981\u66ab\u6642\u653e\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u7dad\ufe50\u4ee3\u5165\u7406\u6279\u5224\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u53bb\u601d\u8003\ufe50\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4ef6\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\ufe50\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u7684\u80fd\u529b\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u8207\u6c92\u53d7\u904e\u54f2\u5b78\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u5225\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u904e\u6b63\u53cd\u5169\u908a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u53cd\u8986\u601d\u8003\ufe50\u6587\u7ae0\u53ea\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u8212\u767c\u81ea\u5df2\u7684\u610f\u898b\ufe50\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u56b4\u7dca\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ab2\u672c\u7684\u4f5c\u8005Kymlicka\u548c\ufe50\u6211\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\ufe50\u4ed6\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u5b78\u9662\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u504f\u91cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u63a2\u8a0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u70ba\u6bd4\u8f03\u6279\u5224\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u67d0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f88\u5408\u7406\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\u4e2d\ufe50\u9023\u5949\u884c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\ufe50\u65bd\u653f\u4e5f\u5e36\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u82e5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u82e5\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5ba2\u89c0\u689d\u4ef6\u7ba1\u675f\ufe50\u5247\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u7d55\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u73fe\u4eca\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236\ufe50\u4e5f\u662f\u5be6\u884c\u6df7\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u554f\u984c\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u61c9\u4f54\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u3002\u6211\u5012\u5947\u602a\u73ed\u4e0a\u6709\u4e9b\u9b3c\u4ed4\u540c\u5b78\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\ufe50\u9084\u4ee5\u70ba\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5df2\u540d\u5b58\u5be6\u4ea1\u3002\u5927\u6168\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u7522\u904e\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6050\u6016\ufe50\u624d\u6703\u5c0d\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7522\u4e4d\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u5f88\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u5716\u756b\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u5efa\u7bc9\u5728\u6d6e\u6c99\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6a13\u95a3\ufe50\u7d93\u4e0d\u8d77\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u6b98\u9177\u8003\u9a57\u3002\u73ed\u4e0a\u7684\u5973\u751f\u591a\u6578\u652f\u6301\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u60f3\u7576\u7136\u723e\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u6211\u8eab\u70ba\u7537\u751f\ufe50\u7e3d\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7279\u5225\ufe50\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8aaa\u8a71\ufe50\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a00\u8a9e\u518d\u8aaa\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u5927\u6168\u6211\u662f\u73ed\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u652f\u6301\u8005\ufe50\u6559\u6388\u8aaa\u4ed6\u6559\u4e86\u9019\u79d1\u516d\u4e03\u5e74\ufe50\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u898b\u4ee5\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\ufe50\u53bb\u8cea\u7591\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5e36\u4f86\u5b78\u8853\u706b\u82b1\ufe50\u8b93\u4ed6\u5f9e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7576\u7136\u662f\u6211\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8ad6\u6709\u8aa4\u89e3\u6240\u81f3\ufe50\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5247\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6279\u5224\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5167\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u793e\u5340\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u7d71\u4e00\u6574\u5408\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8b1b\u89e3\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u55ae\u5143\ufe50\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u529f\u7528\u3002\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\u793e\u5340\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u7adf\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u6211\u5411\u4f86\u8b9a\u540c\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e00\u9ad4\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u9019\u8ab2\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u4ea6\u5f88\u6709\u7528\ufe50\u6211\u6703\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u4e5f\u9078\u689d\u9019\u79d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u7ae0\ufe55
\n\u54f2\u5b78\u529f\u8ab2\ufe55\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u52de\u5de5\u525d\u524a<\/a>
\n\u6dfa\u8ad6\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Marxism)<\/a>
\n\u6dfa\u8ad6\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Libertarianism)
\n<\/a>\u6dfa\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Liberalism)
\n<\/a>\u6dfa\u8ad6\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Utilitariainsim)<\/a>
\n <\/a>\u54f2\u5b78\u529f\u8ab2\ufe55 \u95dc\u4f60\u53c9\u4e8b\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/a>
\n<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6211\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u8b80\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u6700\u958b\u5fc3\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u4eca\u6b21\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5de7\u8ab2\u53ea\u6709C-\ufe50\u4f46\u8003\u8a66\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u5f88\u7528\u529b\ufe50\u6700\u5f8c\u7e3d\u5206\u6709B\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9060\u5deeA\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\ufe50\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u6578\ufe50\u8b49\u660e\u6211\u9084\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6599\u5b50\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u8b80\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\ufe50\u5167\u5bb9\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u62bd\u96e2\ufe50\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8b70\u984c\u4e5f\u53ea\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u5167\u7684\u98a8\u6ce2\u3002\u4eca\u6b21\u8b80\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5247\u8207\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u5207\u8eab\u95dc\u4fc2\ufe50\u5c0d\u8ab2\u984c\u6709\u6295\u5165\u611f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u5206\u6790\u65b0\u805e\u6642\u4e8b\u7684\u8108\u7d61\ufe50\u770b\u7a7f\u653f\u6cbb\u8a55\u8ad6\u80cc\u5f8c\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u7576\u7136\u77e3\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u53e4\u5178\u653f\u6cbb\u653f\u5b78\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u63a2\u8a0e\u6b0a\u529b\ufe50\u570b\u5bb6\ufe50\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\ufe50\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5247\u63a2\u8a0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u516c\u7fa9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6a19\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u5e95\u4e0b\ufe50\u5c0d\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u9054\u5230\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9019\u9580\u8ab2\u63a1\u7528\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b78\u8005Will Kymlicka\u7684\u8ab2\u672c\ufe50\u6bcf\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u5148\u8b1b\u89e3\u5176\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c07\u5176\u5408\u7406\u5316\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u8207\u4e4b\u5c0d\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u6aa2\u8996\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u53ca\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5148\u5f9e\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5165\u624b\ufe50\u7c21\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u4e0a\ufe50\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u529f\u7528\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e0d\u540c\ufe50\u624d\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4e09\u7ae0\u5206\u5225\u8b1b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e09\u5927\u4e3b\u6d41\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4ee5\u53ca\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u4e0a\u534a\u5b78\u671f\u6559\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e92\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\ufe50\u4e92\u76f8\u6279\u8a55\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\u3002\u4e0b\u534a\u5b78\u671f\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6709\u793e\u5340\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u516c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7fa9\ufe50\u4ee5\u53ca\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u69cb\ufe50\u53ea\u5617\u8a66\u4fee\u6b63\u4e09\u5927\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u5404\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u6aa2\u8996\ufe50\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u90e8\u4efd\u7406\u8ad6\u62bd\u51fa\u4f86\u76f8\u4e92\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u9019\u79d1\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8003\u8a66\u52a0\u5169\u4efd\u529f\u8ab2\ufe50\u5206\u5225\u662f\u5343\u4e94\u5b57\u7684\u77ed\u6587\u8207\u53ca\u4e09\u5343\u5b57\u7684\u9577\u6587\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u662f\u505a\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u5247\u662f\u81ea\u9078\u984c\u76ee\ufe50\u6211\u9078\u4e86\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u81ea\u7531\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u6279\u8a55\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u525d\u524a\u52de\u5de5\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3002\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u70ba\u6b64\u627e\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7684\u539f\u6587\u4f86\u8b80\ufe50\u9019\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u9664\u4e86\u62ff\u5230\u597d\u6210\u7e3e\u62c9\u9ad8\u7e3d\u5206\u5916\ufe50\u9084\u4f7f\u6211\u5728\u5beb\u54f2\u5b78\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0a\u7372\u76ca\u826f\u591a\u3002\u6211\u524d\u5f8c\u7e3d\u5171\u5beb\u4e86\u4e09\u4efd\u521d\u7a3f\u7d66\u6559\u6388\u6279\u6539\ufe50\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a3f\u7d66\u6559\u6388\u522a\u53bb\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7bc7\u5e45\ufe50\u8aaa\u5f88\u591a\u5167\u5bb9\u8a00\u4e0d\u53ca\u7fa9\ufe50\u517c\u5728\u884c\u6587\u9593\u5e36\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u7d20\u8cb6\u5e95\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4e0d\u4e4e\u5408\u54f2\u5b78\u6587\u7ae0\u8457\u91cd\u7406\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u9019\u8ab2\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4e0d\u55ae\u6559\u6211\u5011\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\ufe50\u9084\u88dc\u8ab2\u6559\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u5beb\u7bc7\u56db\u5e73\u516b\u7a69\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ad6\u554f\u3002\u5728\u6279\u5224\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u524d\ufe50\u9996\u5148\u8981\u80fd\u5920\u6e05\u695a\u7121\u8aa4\u5730\u89e3\u7406\u8981\u6279\u5224\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\ufe50\u624d\u4e0d\u6703\u72af\u4e86\u653b\u64ca\u7a3b\u8349\u4eba\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u3002\u55ae\u5beb\u63a8\u8ad6\u53bb\u4f5c\u51fa\u6279\u5224\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u5920\ufe50\u9084\u8981\u9810\u671f\u5c0d\u65b9\u6703\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u56de\u61c9\ufe50\u4e26\u52a0\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u6aa2\u8996\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u3002\u8981\u66ab\u6642\u653e\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u7dad\ufe50\u4ee3\u5165\u7406\u6279\u5224\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u53bb\u601d\u8003\ufe50\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4ef6\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\ufe50\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u7684\u80fd\u529b\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u8207\u6c92\u53d7\u904e\u54f2\u5b78\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u5225\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u904e\u6b63\u53cd\u5169\u908a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u53cd\u8986\u601d\u8003\ufe50\u6587\u7ae0\u53ea\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u8212\u767c\u81ea\u5df2\u7684\u610f\u898b\ufe50\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u56b4\u7dca\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ad6\u6587\u3002 \u8ab2\u672c\u7684\u4f5c\u8005Kymlicka\u548c\ufe50\u6211\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\ufe50\u4ed6\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u5b78\u9662\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u504f\u91cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u63a2\u8a0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u70ba\u6bd4\u8f03\u6279\u5224\u7684\u57fa\u6e96\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u67d0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f88\u5408\u7406\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\u4e2d\ufe50\u9023\u5949\u884c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\ufe50\u65bd\u653f\u4e5f\u5e36\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u82e5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u82e5\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5ba2\u89c0\u689d\u4ef6\u7ba1\u675f\ufe50\u5247\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u7a7a\u60f3\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u7d55\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u73fe\u4eca\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236\ufe50\u4e5f\u662f\u5be6\u884c\u6df7\u5408\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u554f\u984c\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u61c9\u4f54\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u3002\u6211\u5012\u5947\u602a\u73ed\u4e0a\u6709\u4e9b\u9b3c\u4ed4\u540c\u5b78\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\ufe50\u9084\u4ee5\u70ba\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5df2\u540d\u5b58\u5be6\u4ea1\u3002\u5927\u6168\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u7522\u904e\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6050\u6016\ufe50\u624d\u6703\u5c0d\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7522\u4e4d\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u5f88\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u5716\u756b\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u5efa\u7bc9\u5728\u6d6e\u6c99\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6a13\u95a3\ufe50\u7d93\u4e0d\u8d77\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u6b98\u9177\u8003\u9a57\u3002\u73ed\u4e0a\u7684\u5973\u751f\u591a\u6578\u652f\u6301\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u60f3\u7576\u7136\u723e\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u6211\u8eab\u70ba\u7537\u751f\ufe50\u7e3d\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7279\u5225\ufe50\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8aaa\u8a71\ufe50\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a00\u8a9e\u518d\u8aaa\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u5927\u6168\u6211\u662f\u73ed\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u652f\u6301\u8005\ufe50\u6559\u6388\u8aaa\u4ed6\u6559\u4e86\u9019\u79d1\u516d\u4e03\u5e74\ufe50\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u898b\u4ee5\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\ufe50\u53bb\u8cea\u7591\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5e36\u4f86\u5b78\u8853\u706b\u82b1\ufe50\u8b93\u4ed6\u5f9e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7576\u7136\u662f\u6211\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8ad6\u6709\u8aa4\u89e3\u6240\u81f3\ufe50\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5247\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6279\u5224\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5167\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u793e\u5340\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u7d71\u4e00\u6574\u5408\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8b1b\u89e3\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u55ae\u5143\ufe50\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u529f\u7528\u3002\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\u793e\u5340\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u7adf\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u6211\u5411\u4f86\u8b9a\u540c\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e00\u9ad4\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u9019\u8ab2\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u4ea6\u5f88\u6709\u7528\ufe50\u6211\u6703\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u4e5f\u9078\u689d\u9019\u79d1\u3002 \u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u7ae0\ufe55 \u54f2\u5b78\u529f\u8ab2\ufe55\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u52de\u5de5\u525d\u524a \u6dfa\u8ad6\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Marxism) \u6dfa\u8ad6\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Libertarianism) \u6dfa\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Liberalism) \u6dfa\u8ad6\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Utilitariainsim) \u54f2\u5b78\u529f\u8ab2\ufe55 \u95dc\u4f60\u53c9\u4e8b\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":993,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"lc_iscn_info":[],"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[929,997],"class_list":["post-992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-_philosophy","tag-_philosophy","tag-997"],"yoast_head":"\nPHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u6211\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u8b80\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u6700\u958b\u5fc3\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u4eca\u6b21\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5de7\u8ab2\u53ea\u6709C-\ufe50\u4f46\u8003\u8a66\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u5f88\u7528\u529b\ufe50\u6700\u5f8c\u7e3d\u5206\u6709B\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9060\u5deeA\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\ufe50\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u6578\ufe50\u8b49\u660e\u6211\u9084\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6599\u5b50\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u8b80\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\ufe50\u5167\u5bb9\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u62bd\u96e2\ufe50\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8b70\u984c\u4e5f\u53ea\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u5167\u7684\u98a8\u6ce2\u3002\u4eca\u6b21\u8b80\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5247\u8207\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6211\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u8b80\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u6700\u958b\u5fc3\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u4eca\u6b21\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5de7\u8ab2\u53ea\u6709C-\ufe50\u4f46\u8003\u8a66\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u5f88\u7528\u529b\ufe50\u6700\u5f8c\u7e3d\u5206\u6709B\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9060\u5deeA\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\ufe50\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u6578\ufe50\u8b49\u660e\u6211\u9084\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6599\u5b50\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u8b80\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\ufe50\u5167\u5bb9\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u62bd\u96e2\ufe50\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8b70\u984c\u4e5f\u53ea\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u5167\u7684\u98a8\u6ce2\u3002\u4eca\u6b21\u8b80\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5247\u8207\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horace.org\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horace.org\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2006-12-31T07:55:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-10-29T08:14:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"240\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"240\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"hevangel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@horaceorg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@horaceorg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"hevangel\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"hevangel\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c\"},\"headline\":\"PHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\",\"datePublished\":\"2006-12-31T07:55:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-10-29T08:14:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":15,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1\",\"keywords\":[\"\u54f2\u5b78\",\"\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u54f2\u5b78\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/\",\"name\":\"PHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2006-12-31T07:55:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-10-29T08:14:49+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u6211\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u8b80\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u6700\u958b\u5fc3\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u4eca\u6b21\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5de7\u8ab2\u53ea\u6709C-\ufe50\u4f46\u8003\u8a66\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u5f88\u7528\u529b\ufe50\u6700\u5f8c\u7e3d\u5206\u6709B\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9060\u5deeA\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\ufe50\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u6578\ufe50\u8b49\u660e\u6211\u9084\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6599\u5b50\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u8b80\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\ufe50\u5167\u5bb9\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u62bd\u96e2\ufe50\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8b70\u984c\u4e5f\u53ea\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u5167\u7684\u98a8\u6ce2\u3002\u4eca\u6b21\u8b80\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5247\u8207\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1\",\"width\":240,\"height\":240},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/2006\\\/12\\\/30\\\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"PHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp\",\"description\":\"\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u4f5c\u8005 - \u9673\u99ac\uff1a\u66f8\u8a55\uff0c\u5f71\u8a55\uff0c\u52d5\u6f2b\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u7b46\u8a18\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c\",\"name\":\"hevangel\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-CA\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1\",\"width\":1313,\"height\":1259,\"caption\":\"hevangel\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/horace.org\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.horace.org\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/hevangel-2\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"PHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp","description":"\u6211\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u8b80\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u6700\u958b\u5fc3\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u4eca\u6b21\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5de7\u8ab2\u53ea\u6709C-\ufe50\u4f46\u8003\u8a66\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u5f88\u7528\u529b\ufe50\u6700\u5f8c\u7e3d\u5206\u6709B\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9060\u5deeA\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\ufe50\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u6578\ufe50\u8b49\u660e\u6211\u9084\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6599\u5b50\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u8b80\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\ufe50\u5167\u5bb9\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u62bd\u96e2\ufe50\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8b70\u984c\u4e5f\u53ea\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u5167\u7684\u98a8\u6ce2\u3002\u4eca\u6b21\u8b80\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5247\u8207","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"PHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp","og_description":"\u6211\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u8b80\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u6700\u958b\u5fc3\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u4eca\u6b21\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5de7\u8ab2\u53ea\u6709C-\ufe50\u4f46\u8003\u8a66\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u5f88\u7528\u529b\ufe50\u6700\u5f8c\u7e3d\u5206\u6709B\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9060\u5deeA\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\ufe50\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u6578\ufe50\u8b49\u660e\u6211\u9084\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6599\u5b50\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u8b80\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\ufe50\u5167\u5bb9\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u62bd\u96e2\ufe50\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8b70\u984c\u4e5f\u53ea\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u5167\u7684\u98a8\u6ce2\u3002\u4eca\u6b21\u8b80\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5247\u8207","og_url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\/","og_site_name":"\u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horace.org","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horace.org","article_published_time":"2006-12-31T07:55:07+00:00","article_modified_time":"2015-10-29T08:14:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":240,"height":240,"url":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"hevangel","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@horaceorg","twitter_site":"@horaceorg","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"hevangel"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/"},"author":{"name":"hevangel","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c"},"headline":"PHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78","datePublished":"2006-12-31T07:55:07+00:00","dateModified":"2015-10-29T08:14:49+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/"},"wordCount":15,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1","keywords":["\u54f2\u5b78","\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78"],"articleSection":["\u54f2\u5b78"],"inLanguage":"en-CA","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","name":"PHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78 - \u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1","datePublished":"2006-12-31T07:55:07+00:00","dateModified":"2015-10-29T08:14:49+00:00","description":"\u6211\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u8b80\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u6700\u958b\u5fc3\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u4eca\u6b21\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5de7\u8ab2\u53ea\u6709C-\ufe50\u4f46\u8003\u8a66\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u5f88\u7528\u529b\ufe50\u6700\u5f8c\u7e3d\u5206\u6709B\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9060\u5deeA\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u96e2\ufe50\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u6578\ufe50\u8b49\u660e\u6211\u9084\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6599\u5b50\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u8b80\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\ufe50\u5167\u5bb9\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u62bd\u96e2\ufe50\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8b70\u984c\u4e5f\u53ea\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u5167\u7684\u98a8\u6ce2\u3002\u4eca\u6b21\u8b80\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5247\u8207","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-CA","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-CA","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1","width":240,"height":240},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/30\/phil220-social-and-political-philosophy-%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"PHIL220 Social and Political Philosophy \u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/","name":"\u54f2\u5b50\u6232 Philosophist\u2019s Camp","description":"\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u4f5c\u8005 - \u9673\u99ac\uff1a\u66f8\u8a55\uff0c\u5f71\u8a55\uff0c\u52d5\u6f2b\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u7b46\u8a18","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-CA"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8d9e8e7a71d343b4b2c4ef4365cdb4c","name":"hevangel","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-CA","@id":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1","width":1313,"height":1259,"caption":"hevangel"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/spocky.jpg?fit=1313%2C1259&ssl=1"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/www.horace.org","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/horace.org"],"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/author\/hevangel-2\/"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/019878274801_aa240_sclzzzzzzz_.jpg?fit=240%2C240&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pwn21-g0","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2905,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2009\/06\/20\/phil320-political-philosophy-%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","url_meta":{"origin":992,"position":0},"title":"PHIL320 Political Philosophy \u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78","author":"hevangel","date":"June 20, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"\u8b80\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e09\u5e74\ufe50\u6211\u6700\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u89e3\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u662f\u5169\u5e74\u524d\u4fee\u8b80\u7684\u5165\u9580\u8ab2\ufe50\u5b78\u61c2\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u548c\u4e00\u85cd\u5b50\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5206\u5225\u548c\u597d\u58de\u3002\u9019\u5e7e\u5e74\u4e00\u76f4\u671f\u5f85\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u8b80\u4e2d\u7d1a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\ufe50\u53ef\u60dc\u4e0a\u8ab2\u6642\u9593\u7e3d\u8207\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u9593\u4e0d\u914d\u5408\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u4e2d\u7d1a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7d42\u65bc\u5728\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u7d42\u65bc\u5728\u5348\u98ef\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u8ab2\ufe50\u96d6\u7136\u6bcf\u661f\u671f\u6709\u5169\u5929\u8981\u5306\u5306\u5fd9\u5fd9\u5728\u8ab2\u5ba4\u88cf\u5403\u5348\u9910\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u80fd\u4fee\u8b80\u5230\u60f3\u8b80\u7684\u79d1\u76ee\ufe50\u8f9b\u82e6\u9ede\u9084\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u3002\u9019\u9580\u8ab2\u7684\u6559\u63f4\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u4e0a\u5b78\u671f\u6211\u4fee\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5167\u5bb9\u7279\u5225\u8271\u6df1\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u6559\u6388\u8b1b\u89e3\u5f97\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u90a3\u79d1\u6211\u7684\u6210\u7279\u5225\u5dee\ufe50\u6709\u9ede\u64d4\u5fc3\u9019\u8ab2\u4e5f\u6703\u91cd\u8e48\u8986\u8f4d\u3002\u5e78\u597d\u539f\u4f86\u53ea\u662f\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u6559\u6388\u8b1b\u89e3\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5341\u5206\u6e05\u695a\ufe50\u9019\u79d1\u6211\u4e5f\u9806\u5229\u8003\u53d6B+\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u3002 \u9019\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u7de8\u6392\u8207\u8207\u521d\u7d1a\u653f\u6cbb\u5f88\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u521d\u7d1a\u73ed\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u5206\u985e\ufe50\u7e31\u5411\u6559\u6388\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u9019\u73ed\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5247\u4ee5\u6a6b\u5411\u5206\u985e\ufe50\u6bcf\u7ae0\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u8b70\u984c\ufe50\u628a\u5f9e\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6709\u95dc\u8a72\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u89c0\u9ede\u7f85\u5217\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u8ab2\u672c\u539a\u9054\u7684\u4e94\u767e\u591a\u9801\ufe50\ufe50\u7d50\u96c6\u8fd1\u4ee3\u8457\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\ufe50\u570d\u7e5e\u90a3\u4e9b\u8b70\u984c\u767c\u8868\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u521d\u73ed\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u672c\u96d6\u7136\u4e5f\u8981\u770b\u539f\u6587\ufe50\u4f46\u7de8\u8f2f\u6703\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u524d\u52a0\u4e00\u9801\u534a\u9801\u5c0e\u8b80\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u4e2d\u7d1a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u8ab2\u672c\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u5c0e\u8b80\ufe50\u4e0a\u5802\u524d\u81ea\u5df1\u8b80\u95b1\u8ab2\u6587\u5099\u8ab2\u6bd4\u8f03\u5403\u529b\u3002\u5e78\u597d\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8b1b\u7fa9\u89e3\u6670\u6e05\u695a\ufe50\u5979\u4ea6\u628a\u8ab2\u5802\u8b1b\u7fa9\u7684\u96fb\u90f5\u7d66\u540c\u5b78\u3002\u4e0a\u8ab2\u524d\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u904d\u8ab2\u6587\ufe50\u8a18\u4e0b\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u5802\u6642\u767c\u554f\ufe50\u6216\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u6eab\u7fd2\u6642\u518d\u53c3\u8003\u8b1b\u7fa9\ufe50\u5c0d\u7167\u8ab2\u6587\u91cd\u770b\u4e00\u6b21\ufe50\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5df2\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u6240\u6709\u8ab2\u6587\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u4e0a\u8ab2\u524d\u4e0d\u5099\u8ab2\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u81e8\u5834\u807d\u6559\u6388\u8b1b\u89e3\u7684\u8a71\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u6642\u9593\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\ufe50\u4fbf\u6703\u932f\u904e\u767c\u554f\u6f84\u6e05\u6587\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u6168\u5ff5\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u4e86\u3002 \u8ab2\u672c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5f88\u5ee3\u6cdb\ufe50\u5f9e\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6168\u5ff5\ufe50\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\ufe50\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50\u6b0a\u5229\ufe50\u81ea\u7531\ufe50\u5e73\u7b49\ufe50\u525d\u524a\ufe50\u6b63\u7fa9\u6230\u722d\u4e5f\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u8a0e\u8ad6\ufe50\u4f46\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u53ea\u6709\u5341\u4e09\u500b\u661f\u671f\ufe50\u6559\u6388\u53ea\u80fd\u53d6\u6368\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4f86\u6559\u6388\u3002\u600e\u6599\u9019\u500b\u51ac\u5929\u6eab\u54e5\u83ef\u4e0b\u5927\u96ea\ufe50\u5927\u5b78\u56e0\u70ba\u7a4d\u96ea\u95dc\u4fc2\u505c\u8ab2\ufe50\u5b78\u671f\u4e2d\u6559\u6388\u53c8\u75c5\u5012\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u661f\u671f\ufe50\u7d50\u679c\u524d\u5f8c\u640d\u5931\u4e86\u5169\u661f\u671f\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6642\u9593\u3002\u6559\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5167\u5bb9\ufe50\u6559\u6388\u53ea\u597d\u6f15\u7e2e\u8ab2\u7a0b\ufe50\u653e\u68c4\u570b\u5bb6\ufe50\u525d\u524a\u548c\u6230\u722d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u9023\u95dc\u65bc\u5e73\u7b49\u8b70\u984c\u4e5f\u53ea\u5920\u6642\u9593\u6559\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u771f\u662f\u53ef\u60dc\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u9072\u4e9b\u65e5\u5b50\u6709\u7a7a\u9592\ufe50\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u4fee\u9918\u4e0b\u7684\u8ab2\u6587\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u5f88\u8271\u6df1\ufe50\u8b80\u5b8c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u77e5\u534a\u89e3\ufe50\u4e0d\u80fd\u78ba\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u8aa4\u89e3\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u539f\u610f\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u5149\u62ff\u8d77\u8ab2\u6587\u770b\u6587\u7ae0\u9084\u4e0d\u5920\ufe50\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5beb\u7b46\u8a18\u64ae\u8981\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\ufe50\u4e26\u601d\u8003\u6279\u5224\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u7531\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\ufe50\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u6e05\u695a\u660e\u767d\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002 \u54f2\u5b78\u7b46\u8a18\ufe55 \u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u554f\u984c \u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6 \u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9 \u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b \u5169\u7a2e\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u5169\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531 \u516c\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4fee\u6b63 \u9732\u5bbf\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u7531","rel":"","context":"In "\u54f2\u5b78"","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/001019c7.jpeg?fit=455%2C693&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":638,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/%e6%b7%ba%e8%ab%96%e6%96%b0%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9-libertarianism\/","url_meta":{"origin":992,"position":1},"title":"\u6dfa\u8ad6\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9 (Libertarianism)","author":"hevangel","date":"December 20, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\ufe50\u53cd\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u5e72\u9810\u5e02\u5834\ufe50\u6216\u8005\u7528\u516c\u5e73\u70ba\u540d\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9(Capitalsim)\u3002\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u96d6\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\ufe50\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53bb\u4f5c\u51fa\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u7522\u6700\u591a\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6700\u80fd\u5920\u6eff\u8db3\u6700\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\ufe50\u9054\u81f3\u529f\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\u81ea\u7531\u65b9\u4fbf\u5165\u624b\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b0a\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u8150\u5316\ufe50Fedrick Hayek\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u81ea\u7531\u5230\u52de\u5f79\u4e4b\u8def\u4e2d\ufe50\u5c31\u8aaa\u660e\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\u5c0d\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u652f\u6301\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\ufe50\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u901a\u904e\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u5167\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u767c\u660e\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u529f\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\ufe50\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\ufe50\u5247\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u7e7c\u7e8c\u652f\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002 \u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u5834\ufe50\u8aaa\u653f\u5e9c\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0d\u5c0d\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u6703\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u6b0a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u82e5\u7528\u7a05\u6536\u53bb\u63a0\u596a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u5c31\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5f37\u8feb\u4eba\u6c11\u505a\u5974\u96b8\ufe50\u6709\u9055\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u76ca\u3002Robert Nozick\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\ufe55 \u64c1\u6709\u7406\u8ad6 (Entitlement Theory) \u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6700\u521d\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u64c1\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u901a\u904e\u81ea\u9858\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u4ea4\u6613\ufe50\u9054\u81f3\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u4f48\ufe50\u5247\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u593e\u786c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u5247\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\ufe50\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u8cc7\u6e90\u6700\u521d\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0aNozick\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u6b21\u904e\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u5206\u914d\u904e\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u4f5c\u51fa\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u7559\u610f\u4e00\u9ede\u662fNozick\u5c0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\ufe50\u8207Rawls\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u540c\u3002Rawls\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u5747\u5206\ufe50Nozick\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u3002 \u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6 (Self-Ownership Argument) \u9996\u5148\u6211\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e3b\u6b0a\ufe50\u4e0d\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\ufe50\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u64c1\u6709\u6211\u7684\u6750\u5e79\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u64c1\u6709\u7528\u6211\u7684\u6750\u5e79\u751f\u7522\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u82e5\u653f\u5e9c\u5f37\u5236\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6211\u5c31\u8981\u4ea4\u51fa\u6211\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53bb\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\ufe50\u90a3\u6a23\u6211\u5c31\u6dea\u70ba\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u8ca1\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u800c\u628a\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u50f9\u503c\u4e0d\u4e4e\u5408\u9053\u5fb7\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002 \u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5f31\u9ede\ufe50\u662f\u5ffd\u8996\u55ae\u55ae\u6750\u5e79\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u751f\u7522\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4eba\u8eab\u500b\u9ad4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7522\u696d\ufe50\u5982\u571f\u5730\u6216\u751f\u7522\u516c\u5177\u7b49\u3002\u8981\u78ba\u7acb\u9019\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\ufe50\u5247\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u64c1\u6709\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u96a8\u8457\u77e5\u8b58\u578b\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u578b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\ufe50\u8cc7\u6e90\u751f\u7522\u5c0d\u5916\u5728\u7522\u696d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6e1b\u5c11\ufe50\u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u3002 David Gautheir\u5247\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u5165\u624b\ufe50\u53bb\u627e\u51fa\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u64da\u3002\u4ed6\u8207Rawls\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\ufe50\u662f\u4ed6\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u5929\u751f\u6750\u80fd\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6750\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\ufe50\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8b70\u50f9\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5951\u7d04\ufe50\u9664\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e5f\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u722d\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u76ca\u8655\u5916\ufe50\u9084\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u884c\ufe50\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u7d19\u4e0a\u8ac7\u5175\u3002\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\ufe50\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u884d\u751f\u8cc7\u6e90\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u76ca\u8655\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\u53ea\u5c0d\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u4eba\u6709\u76ca\u8655\ufe50\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5be6\u884c\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5011\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u8b70\u50f9\u80fd\u529b\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u3002 \u53cd\u5c0d\u8005\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u516c\u7fa9\ufe50Gautheir\u56de\u61c9\u4ed6\u5011\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6709\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u6191\u7a7a\u8b8a\u51fa\u4f86\u7121\u4e2d\u751f\u6709\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7b35\u570d\ufe50\u6d89\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u63a2\u8a0e\u9053\u5fb7\u5f9e\u4f86\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5047\u5b9a\u516c\u7fa9\u662f\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\ufe50\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u5047\u5b9a\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0d\u80fd\u9055\u53cd\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u8aaa\u8aaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u8208\u8d77\ufe50\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672a\u958b\u59cb\u672a\u843d\u7684\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u652f\u6301\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u8a8d\u70ba\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u5e6b\u52a9\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u8981\u5e6b\u52a9\u7aae\u4eba\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u8b93\u7aae\u4eba\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u624d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6307\u51fa\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u990a\u61f6\u4eba\ufe50\u990a\u6210\u7aae\u4eba\u4f9d\u8cf4\u798f\u5229\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\ufe50\u653f\u5e9c\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u65bd\u653f\u80fd\u529b\ufe50\u798f\u5229\u653f\u7b56\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u56b4\u91cd\u5931\u8aa4\ufe50\u751a\u81f3\u8d8a\u5e6b\u8d8a\u5dee\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u6709\u73fe\u5be6\u6578\u64da\u652f\u6301\ufe50\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u7121\u8996\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002","rel":"","context":"In "\u54f2\u5b78"","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4858,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/11\/07\/phil333-philosophy-of-biology-%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","url_meta":{"origin":992,"position":2},"title":"PHIL333 Philosophy of Biology \u751f\u7269\u54f2\u5b78","author":"hevangel","date":"November 7, 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"\u56e0\u642c\u5c4b\u52a0\u5de5\u4f5c\u7e41\u5fd9\ufe50\u505c\u5b78\u4e86\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4e00\u5e74\ufe50\u4e0a\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u91cd\u62fe\u66f8\u5305\ufe50\u518d\u56de\u5c71\u9802\u5927\u5b78\u516c\u9918\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u590f\u5929\u5b78\u671f\u5b78\u751f\u5c11\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\ufe50\u9023\u5e36\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c11\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u6211\u4e3b\u4fee\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8ab2\ufe50\u5176\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8ab2\u504f\u504f\u53c8\u6392\u8fd4\u5de5\u6642\u9593\ufe50\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u9580\u751f\u7269\u54f2\u5b78\u6b63\u597d\u5728\u5348\u98ef\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u8ab2\ufe50\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9078\u64c7\u4e0b\u4fbf\u8b80\u4e86\u9019\u79d1\u3002 \u5176\u5be6\u5b78\u958b\u524d\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\u9019\u79d1\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u79d1\u6c92\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u8ab2\u672c\ufe50\u6559\u6388\u6bcf\u500b\u661f\u671f\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u6311\u9078\u54f2\u5b78\u671f\u520a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4f5c\u6559\u6750\u3002\u6700\u5927\u7684\u597d\u8655\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u8cbb\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u4e0b\u8f09\ufe50\u4e0d\u7528\u82b1\u767e\u591a\u5143\u8cb7\u78da\u982d\u822c\u539a\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u672c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7dca\u8cbc\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\ufe50\u4e0d\u7528\u53ea\u5b78\u6536\u9304\u5728\u8ab2\u672c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b7b\u53bb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u540d\u8457\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u89aa\u8eab\u9ad4\u9a57\u73fe\u5728\u6700\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u5728\u63a2\u8a0e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u74b0\u7bc0\ufe50\u6559\u6388\u66f4\u64ad\u653eYoutube\u5f71\u7247\ufe50\u7d2f\u52a0\u5f0f\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u548c\u6dd8\u6c70\u5f0f\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u5169\u5927\u9663\u71df\u4e2d\ufe50\u5169\u4f4d\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u96fb\u8996\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002 \u8ab2\u7a0b\u5206\u70ba\u516d\u500b\u90e8\u4efd\ufe50\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u5f88\u77ed\ufe50\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u91cd\u6eab\u795e\u5275\u8ad6\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\ufe50\u5148\u8b80Paley\u90a3\u7bc7\u9418\u9336\u5320\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u8b80\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u7d93\u5178\u63a8\u7ffb\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u9418\u9336\u5320\ufe50\u5167\u5bb9\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\u6559\u904e\u7684\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u7570\u3002\u4e0a\u5b8c\u524d\u83dc\u5165\u6b63\u984c\ufe50\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\ufe50\u8207\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u63a2\u8a0e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5916\u7684\u61c9\u7528\ufe50\u8a0e\u8ad6\u793e\u6703\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6279\u8a55\ufe50\u4fbf\u662f\u5e0c\u7279\u62c9\u4ee5\u6b64\u80cc\u66f8\u5176\u512a\u751f\u5b78\u548c\u65cf\u7a2e\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u793e\u6703\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7406\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u9032\u5316\u9019\u500b\u6168\u5ff5\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u4efd\u8b1b\u8ff0\u6709\u95dc\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e0d\u7576\u8b2c\u8aa4\ufe50\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5e38\u72af\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\ufe50\u9ad8\u8209\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u842c\u80fd\ufe50\u4ee5\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u89e3\u91cb\ufe50\u751a\u81f3\u7121\u4e2d\u751f\u4e2d\u4f5c\u6545\u4e8b\u4f86\u81ea\u5713\u5176\u8aaa\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\ufe50\u6839\u672c\u4e26\u975e\u5f9e\u9032\u5316\u800c\u4f86\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u7136\u5730\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\ufe50\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u9032\u5316\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\u3002\u9032\u5316\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58\ufe50\u751f\u5b58\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u904b\u6c23\u597d\u3002\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6253\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u5f88\u591a\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6559\u5802\ufe50\u64c1\u6709\u83ef\u9e97\u5de8\u578b\u5c4b\u9802\ufe50\u5c4b\u9802\u4e0b\u4ee5\u8981\u62f1\u578b\u4f5c\u652f\u6490\u3002\u5169\u500b\u62f1\u578b\u4ea4\u63db\u7684\u5730\u65b9\ufe50\u5de5\u5320\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7e3d\u611b\u628a\u90a3\u5152\u88dd\u98fe\u5f97\u7f8e\u4f96\u7f8e\u559a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u7279\u610f\u5efa\u505a\u62f1\u578b\ufe50\u597d\u8b93\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u4f86\u64fa\u653e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\ufe50\u4fbf\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u672c\u672b\u5012\u7f6e\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u8d77\u5de8\u578b\u5c4b\u9802\ufe50\u5fc5\u9700\u9762\u62f1\u578b\u652f\u6490\ufe50\u90a3\u500b\u591a\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\ufe50\u6070\u597d\u88ab\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u501f\u4e86\u4f86\u7528\u5427\u3002 \u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u4efd\u63a2\u8a0e\u7d2f\u52a0\u5f0f\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u548c\u6dd8\u6c70\u5f0f\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u5206\u5225\ufe50\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u9019\u6d89\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e2d\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6096\u8ad6\u3002\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u9032\u5316\u8b93\u67d0\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u64c1\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u56e0\u70ba\u64c1\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\ufe50\u624d\u8b93\u7260\u5011\u5728\u9032\u5316\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u5462\u3002\u6559\u6388\u8981\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u9019\u500b\u722d\u8ad6\u4ea4\u8ad6\u6587\u529f\u8ab2\ufe50\u6211\u770b\u5b8c\u6b63\u53cd\u76f8\u65b9\u6d0b\u6d0b\u6578\u842c\u5b57\u7684\u671f\u520a\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u96de\u5148\u9084\u662f\u86cb\u5148\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u96d9\u65b9\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u54ac\u6587\u56bc\u5b57\ufe50\u671d\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u89e3\u8b80\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u770b\u4f3c\u5f88\u9ad8\u6df1\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u540c\u6642\u9593\u4ea6\u5f88\u7121\u804a\ufe50\u5927\u6168\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7b97\u662f\u5176\u4e00\u4e86\u3002\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u662f\u7d2f\u52a0\u5f0f\u9084\u662f\u6dd8\u6c70\u5f0f\ufe50\u4e0d\u4e5f\u9084\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u4efd\u63a2\u8a0e\u4f55\u751f\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u529f\u7528\ufe50\u5982\u4f55\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u529f\u7528\ufe50\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u8fa8\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u529f\u7528\u3002\u6700\u5927\u554f\u984c\u662f\u529f\u7528\u5728\u9032\u5316\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\ufe50\u8207\u529f\u7528\u5728\u4eba\u9020\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\ufe50\u6709\u8457\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4eba\u9020\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u529f\u7528\ufe50\u7531\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u7684\u610f\u5716\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u751f\u7269\u6c92\u6709\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\ufe50\u751f\u7269\u53ea\u662f\u9032\u5316\u51fa\u4f86\ufe50\u90a3\u751f\u7269\u5668\u5bae\u7684\u529f\u7528\ufe50\u53c8\u662f\u5426\u7b49\u540c\u5176\u9032\u5316\u512a\u52e2\u5462\ufe56\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u5fc3\u81df\u7684\u529f\u7528\u662f\u6cf5\u8840\ufe50\u4f46\u5fc3\u81df\u4e5f\u540c\u662f\u767c\u51fa\u556a\u556a\u8072\u7684\u8df3\u52d5\u8072\u97f3\ufe50\u90a3\u767c\u51fa\u556a\u556a\u8072\u53c8\u662f\u5426\u5fc3\u81df\u7684\u529f\u7528\u5462\ufe56\u6709\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7528\u7d71\u8a08\u5b78\u53bb\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u529f\u7528\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\ufe50\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5929\u51fa\u73fe\u8d85\u7d1a\u773c\u775b\u75c5\u6bd2\ufe50\u8b93\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u8005\u5931\u660e\ufe50\u90a3\u9ebc\u773c\u775b\u770b\u5f97\u898b\u5230\u6771\u897f\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u5426\u773c\u775b\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u529f\u7528\u5462\ufe56\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u70ba\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u7fa9\u529f\u7528\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u54ac\u6587\u56bc\u5b57\u7684\u904a\u6232\ufe50\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u727d\u6d89\u5c64\u9762\u5f88\u5ee3\u6cdb\ufe50\u529f\u7528\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u6709\u95dc\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95dc\u9375\u3002 \u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\ufe50\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5e74\u982d\u624d\u525b\u525b\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u65b0\u66f8What Darwin Got Wrong\ufe50\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5728\u751f\u7269\u54f2\u5b78\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u9663\u9a37\u52d5\ufe50 \u56e0\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005Jerry Fodor\u5f9e\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\ufe50\u53bb\u8a66\u5716\u63a8\u7ffb\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5957\u5957\u908f\u8f2f\ufe50\u4e26\u975e\u6709\u5be6\u8cea\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u5948\u4f55\u9019\u79d1\u6c92\u6709\u671f\u7d42\u8a66\ufe50\u6211\u4ea6\u9078\u5b9a\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u529f\u7528\u4f5c\u70ba\u6211\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u529f\u8ab2\u984c\u76ee\ufe50\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u7bc0\u8ab2\u4e26\u6c92\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u5fc3\u53bb\u4e0a\ufe50\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8cb7\u56de\u4f86\u7ffb\u4e86\u6c92\u6709\u5e7e\u591a\u9801\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u6709\u7a7a\u6211\u6703\u62ff\u51fa\u4f86\u95b1\u8b80\ufe50\u770b\u770b\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002 \u529f\u8ab2\u4e00\ufe55\u7d2f\u52a0\u9032\u5316\u8ad6vs\u6dd8\u6c70\u9032\u5316\u8ad6 \u529f\u8ab2\u4e8c\ufe55\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u4e2d\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9","rel":"","context":"In "\u54f2\u5b78"","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/09\/9780374288792.jpg?fit=433%2C648&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4292,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2010\/05\/03\/%e6%94%bf%e6%94%b9%e8%88%87%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","url_meta":{"origin":992,"position":3},"title":"\u653f\u6539\u8207\u54f2\u5b78","author":"hevangel","date":"May 3, 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u554f\u6211\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\ufe56\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u898b\u5169\u5247\u6709\u95dc\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6539\u7684\u65b0\u805e\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u6df1\u5207\u611f\u5230\u66f8\u5230\u7528\u4e8b\u65b9\u6068\u5c11\ufe50\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u5411\u6b6a\u7406\u8aaa\u4e0d\u3002\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6881\u68cd\u6881\u71d5\u57ce\u5728\u4fe1\u5831\u4e82\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u523b\u610f\u6b6a\u66f2Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u80cc\u66f8\ufe50\u505a\u4e2d\u5171\u8d70\u72d7\u6587\u5ba3\u6253\u624b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u7834\u58de\u516c\u773e\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u58de\u5148\u4f8b\u3002 \u8b80\u904e\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\u7684\u5b78\u751f\ufe50\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u6881\u68cd\u4e82\u7528Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u4e26\u975e\u7528\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u5c11\u6578\u5bcc\u5546\u6b0a\u8cb4\ufe50\u800c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5f31\u5c0f\u8005\u3002\u672c\u4f86Rawls\u7684\u516c\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u8207\u63a8\u884c\u90a3\u500b\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\u8b70\u5e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u5e9c\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u914d\u8cc7\u6e90\ufe50\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u7528\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u53bb\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u6703\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u3002\u5728\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u5e95\u4e0b\ufe50\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4f86\u4f86\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\ufe50\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u6703\u662f\u5bcc\u5546\u6216\u662f\u7aae\u4eba\ufe50\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u6709\u591a\u5f35\u5c08\u696d\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u9084\u662f\u53ea\u5728\u5206\u5340\u76f4\u9078\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6295\u7968\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9078\u7968\u5f71\u97ff\u8b70\u5e2d\ufe50\u800c\u8b70\u5e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u53c8\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\ufe50\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u7528\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6301\u7684\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u53bb\u4f30\u8a08\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u76f4\u9078\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\ufe50\u800c\u9078\u5340\u8b70\u5e2d\u53c8\u6309\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5283\u4efd\ufe50\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u8b70\u5e2d\u7684\u9078\u6c11\ufe50\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u76f4\u9078\u7684\u9078\u7968\u5916\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u591a\u4e00\u5f35\u529f\u80fd\u8b70\u5e2d\u7684\u9078\u7968\ufe50\u52a0\u4e0a\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u9078\u6c11\u4eba\u6578\u5341\u5206\u5c11\ufe50\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e0b\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4fbf\u6709\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u7684\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\u3002Rawls\u8a8d\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u6700\u4fdd\u96aa\u7684\u7b56\u7565(max-min strategy)\ufe50\u5047\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u6703\u5e78\u904b\u751f\u70ba\u529f\u80fd\u9078\u5225\u9078\u6c11\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6975\u591a\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\ufe50\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u6709\u5206\u5340\u76f4\u9078\u4e00\u7968\u7684\u8a71\u4e8b\u6b0a\ufe50\u53ea\u5c11\u5bcc\u4eba\u7aae\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\ufe50\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c40\u5167\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\u8072\u97f3\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u8b70\u54e1\u9a0e\u52ab\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u4eca\u65e5\u4f86\u6211\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u6709\u5831\u7d19\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u99c1\u6881\u68cd\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\ufe50\u6307\u51fa\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\u70baRawl\u5e73\u53cd\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u5e02\u6c11\u8b80\u4e86\u6881\u68cd\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u958b\u5c71\u9f3b\u7956\u7adf\u7136\u652f\u6301\u529f\u80fd\u7d44\u5225\ufe50Rawls\u6cc9\u4e0b\u6709\u77e5\ufe50\u5fc5\u7136\u6c23\u5f97\u68fa\u6750\u53cd\u8f49\ufe50\u505a\u9b3c\u4e5f\u4e0a\u4f86\u627e\u6881\u68cd\u7b97\u8cec\u3002 \u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u8cb7\u5546\u53f0\u6642\u6bb5\u64ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5ee3\u544a\ufe50\u5831\u7ae0\u6216\u7db2\u8a55\u751a\u81f3\u5546\u53f0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6642\u4e8b\u8a55\u8ad6\u4eba\ufe50\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u5546\u53f0\u5728\u7834\u58de\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\ufe50\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u591a\u53ea\u662f\u796d\u51fa\u50b3\u5a92\u8981\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u5927\u65d7\ufe50\u537b\u59cb\u7d42\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u4e2d\u5730\u8aaa\u51fa\u5546\u53f0\u5728\u5546\u8a00\u5546\u8ce3\u6642\u6bb5\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u5c0d\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\ufe50Mill\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb9\u8a31\u4eba\u6c11\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8ca1\u5bcc\ufe50\u4f46\u5728\u516c\u5e73\u516c\u7fa9\u7684\u539f\u5247\u5e95\u4e0b\ufe50\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u8ca1\u5bcc\u76f4\u63a5\u8cfc\u8cb7\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7d2f\u7a4d\u8ca1\u5bcc\u6295\u8cc7\u6216\u6d88\u8cbb\ufe50\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u662f\u884c\u4f7f\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\ufe50\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4f46\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5beb\u793e\u6703\u91d1\u9322\u904a\u6232\u898f\u5247\ufe50\u82e5\u679c\u6709\u9322\u4eba\u80fd\u7528\u91d1\u9322\u8cfc\u8cb7\u653f\u6cbb\u7279\u6b0a\ufe50\u7e7c\u800c\u6539\u5beb\u898f\u5247\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5229\ufe50\u7d2f\u7a4d\u66f4\u591a\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8cfc\u8cb7\u518d\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u7279\u6b0a\ufe50\u4fbf\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u640d\u5bb3\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\ufe50\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u6cd5\u4f8b\u898f\u9650\u653f\u9ee8\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u4f86\u6e90\ufe50\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u5c11\u6578\u8ca1\u95a5\u900f\u904e\u9a0e\u52ab\u653f\u9ee8\ufe50\u5f62\u6210\u4e16\u8972\u5f0f\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u58df\u65b7\u3002\u653f\u9ee8\u8cfc\u8cb7\u5a92\u9ad4\u5ee3\u544a\u6642\u6bb5\u4f5c\u5ba3\u50b3\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u7121\u4e0d\u59a5\ufe50\u5916\u570b\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u653f\u9ee8\u80cc\u666f\u65d7\u5e5f\u9bae\u660e\u7684\u50b3\u5a92\u3002\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u6c92\u6709\u653f\u9ee8\u6cd5\u76e3\u7ba1\u653f\u9ee8\u6350\u737b\ufe50\u66f4\u6c92\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u9ee8\u516c\u958b\u8ca1\u653f\u72c0\u6cc1\ufe50\u8b93\u5c11\u6578\u8ca1\u95a5\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u5883\u5916\u7684\u52e2\u529b\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u4f5c\u5176\u9b3c\u5121\ufe50\u5927\u7051\u91d1\u9322\u4f5c\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u50b3\u9593\u63a5\u8cb7\u7968\ufe50\u4ee4\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u9ee8\u6c92\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\ufe50\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u8ab0\u4f86\u57f7\u653f\u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u610f\u898b\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002 \u6211\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u5831\u7ae0\u4e0a\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\ufe50\u6709\u4eba\u61c9\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\ufe50\u96e3\u9053\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u51b7\u9580\u5f97\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u8b80\u55ce\ufe56\u539f\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u904e\u773c\u4e0d\u5410\u4e0d\u5feb\ufe50\u5f88\u60f3\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5404\u5beb\u4e00\u7bc7\u9577\u6587\u4ee5\u6b63\u8996\u807d\ufe50\u70ba\u9999\u6e2f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7565\u76e1\u4e00\u9ede\u7dbf\u529b\ufe50\u53ef\u60dc\u73fe\u5728\u8eab\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5de5\u5e79\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u6642\u9593\u7d30\u60f3\u56b4\u7dca\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u53ea\u80fd\u5c31\u5728\u6b64\u5beb\u5169\u5c0f\u6bb5\u6feb\u828b\u5145\u6578\ufe50\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u62cb\u78da\u5f15\u7389\ufe50\u5438\u5f15\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u9ad8\u4eba\u51fa\u624b\ufe50\u5f9e\u5b78\u8853\u5236\u9ad8\u9ede\u767c\u70ae\u64ca\u5012\u6881\u68cd\u548c\u6c11\u5efa\u806f\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u6b6a\u7406\u3002","rel":"","context":"In "\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf"","block_context":{"text":"\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_society\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/1-jpg.jpg?fit=559%2C380&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1646,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2007\/12\/17\/phil120-moral-philosophy-%e9%81%93%e5%be%b7%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8\/","url_meta":{"origin":992,"position":4},"title":"PHIL120 Moral Philosophy \u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78","author":"hevangel","date":"December 17, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"\u8aaa\u8d77\u9053\u5fb7\ufe50\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6703\u806f\u60f3\u8d77\u6027\u884c\u70ba\ufe50\u5a5a\u5916\u60c5\u7b49\u984c\u76ee\ufe50\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u4e9b\u53ea\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u5f88\u7b35\u570d\u5f88\u5ee3\u6cdb\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5206\u8fa8\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5c0d\ufe50\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u932f\ufe50\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5584\ufe50\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u60e1\u3002\u6211\u9019\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u4fee\u8b80\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\ufe50\u63a2\u8a0e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u8ab2\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u662f\u4e00\u5e74\u7d1a\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\ufe50\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u5e7e\u767e\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u73ed\ufe50\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u5c0f\u73ed\u3002\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u80fd\u64e0\u5728\u5de8\u578b\u8b1b\u5ba4\u55ae\u5411\u63a5\u6536\u8ab2\u672c\u5167\u5bb9\ufe50\u5b78\u751f\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u6559\u6388\u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u5167\u6709\u4e92\u52d5\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4e00\u5e74\u7d1a\u5b78\u751f\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5f88\u5c11\u767c\u554f\ufe50\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u5bb3\u7f9e\u9084\u662f\u7121\u5fc3\u5411\u5b78\ufe50\u4e0a\u8ab2\u6642\u66f4\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u62ff\u8457\u624b\u63d0\u96fb\u8166\u4e0a\u7db2\u3002\u53cd\u800c\u6211\u5011\u5e7e\u500b\u517c\u8b80\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\ufe50\u4e0a\u5802\u524d\u8b80\u719f\u6307\u5b9a\u95b1\u8b80\u8ab2\u6587\ufe50\u662f\u5802\u4e0a\u8207\u6559\u6388\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4e2d\u6d41\u627a\u67f1\ufe50\u4ee4\u5230\u8ab2\u5802\u7684\u6c23\u6c1b\u6d3b\u6f51\u4e0d\u5c11\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u5927\u73ed\u6559\u5b78\u90a3\u9ebc\u6c89\u60b6\u3002 \u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027 \u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u8ab2\u6642\u6559\u6388\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u5b97\u660e\u7fa9\ufe50\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\ufe50\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c0\u9ede\ufe50\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u9644\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u9053\u5fb7\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u6027\ufe50\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u5c0d\u8207\u932f\ufe50\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u95dc\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e5f\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u65e9\u5df2\u6307\u51fa\u9053\u5fb7\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\ufe50\u4e00\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ba2\u89c0\u5730\u4ee5\u795e\u4f5c\u70ba\u63a8\u8ad6\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\ufe50\u4e8c\u4f86\u795e\u8aed\u6c92\u6709\u5283\u4e00\u6027\ufe50\u660e\u65e5\u7684\u795e\u8aed\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u7ffb\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u795e\u8aed\ufe50\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4f5c\u5206\u8fa8\u5c0d\u932f\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8d85\u8d8a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u898f\u9650\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u8a8d\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6e96\u6a19\ufe50\u96e3\u9053\u6709\u6587\u5316\u6703\u6bba\u5b30\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6279\u8a55\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u932f\u55ce\ufe56\u4e8c\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u4ecb\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\ufe50\u96e3\u9053\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u6709\u9ed1\u793e\u6703\u6bba\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u55ce\ufe56\u9053\u5fb7\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u6a19\u6e96\ufe50\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u9593\u4e5f\u662f\u653e\u8af8\u56db\u6d77\u7686\u6e96\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u5957\u5584\u60e1\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u9019\u8ab2\u5206\u6210\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u8b1b\u56db\u5927\u50b3\u7d71\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u5206\u5225\u662f\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u8ad6\ufe50\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\ufe50 \u548c\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u5fb7\u884c\u8ad6\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u5982\u6bba\u4eba\ufe50\u5077\u7aca\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u9650\u5236\u6027\ufe50\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\ufe50\u63a1\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u914d\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u524d\u8a2d\ufe50\u6703\u5f97\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\ufe50\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u8b70\u984c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u63a2\u8a0e\u73fe\u4eca\u793e\u6703\u71b1\u9580\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u722d\u8b70\ufe50\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u6a02\u6b7b\ufe50\u58ae\u80ce\ufe50\u6b7b\u5211\ufe50\u52d5\u7269\u6b0a\u76ca\ufe50\u74b0\u4fdd\u7b49\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u6559\u6388\u6703\u7f85\u4f8b\u6b63\u53cd\u76f8\u65b9\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8ad6\u64da\ufe50\u7136\u5f8c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u53bb\u4f5c\u6279\u5224\u601d\u8003\ufe50\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ad6\u64da\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u6bcf\u7bc7\u6307\u5b9a\u95b1\u8b80\u8ab2\u6587\u5747\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u8ab2\u984c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u6211\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7acb\u5834\ufe50\u4f46\u5168\u90e8\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u5beb\u5f97\u5f88\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\ufe50\u662f\u5beb\u6279\u8ad6\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6975\u597d\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u6703\u7c21\u55ae\u8b1b\u8ff0\u56db\u5927\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5802\u4e0a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8ab2\u984c \ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u6d89\u53ca\u592a\u591a\u63a8\u8ad6\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u8cc7\u6599\ufe50\u5f88\u96e3\u5728\u9019\u5152\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7e3d\u7d50\ufe50\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u64b0\u6587\u7d30\u8aaa\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u8207\u7684\u670b\u53cb\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u770b\u6211\u90a3\u5169\u7bc7\u6709\u95dc\u58ae\u80ce\u548c\u52d5\u7269\u6b0a\u76ca\u7684\u529f\u8ab2\u3002 \u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9 \u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u4f86\u7e3d\u7d50\ufe50\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u5584\u6216\u5c0d\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u7d66\u6700\u591a\u4eba\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u3002\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d30\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u7d50\u679c\u8ad6\ufe50\u4ee5\u7d50\u679c\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u4ef6\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5c0d\u932f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u597d\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\ufe50\u5feb\u6a02\u5c31\u662f\u597d\ufe50\u75db\u82e6\u5c31\u662f\u58de\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u4efd\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\ufe50\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u529f\u7528\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6642\ufe50\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u548c\u75db\u82e6\u4e5f\u4f54\u540c\u6a23\u6bd4\u91cd\u3002 \u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u5176\u5be6\u5206\u5225\u662f\u4e09\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u5167\u5728\u554f\u984c\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u9053\u5fb7\u53ea\u7528\u7d50\u679c\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\ufe50\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u70ba\u6c42\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u64c7\u624b\u6bb5\ufe50\u6210\u70ba\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u4fb5\u72af\u5c0f\u6578\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u5feb\u6a02\u5c31\u662f\u597d\ufe50\u75db\u82e6\u5c31\u662f\u58de\ufe50\u90a3\u9ebc\u7121\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\ufe50\u90a3The Matrix\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u8c48\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u884c\u5584\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u6211\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u98e2\u6c11\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u4e5f\u4f54\u540c\u6a23\u6bd4\u91cd\ufe50\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u628a\u9322\u82b1\u5728\u5403\u5927\u9910\u800c\u4e0d\u6350\u7d66\u98e2\u6c11\ufe50\u5728\u529f\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u884c\u60e1\u3002\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u4ee4\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u592a\u904e\u56b4\u683c\ufe50\u9053\u5fb7\u6703\u6dea\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u8a8d\u771f\u57f7\u884c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u6a13\u95a3\u3002 \u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb \u5eb7\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u662f\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u7406\u6027\u53bb\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u52d5\u6a5f\u662f\u5206\u8fa8\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u5584\u60e1\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u82e5\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\ufe50\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u60f3\u9054\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\ufe50\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u5584\u3002\u82e5\u4ed6\u5728\u505a\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\ufe50\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u9054\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u7684\ufe50\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u51fa\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\ufe50\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u884c\u5584\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8cac\u4efb\ufe50\u4eba\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\ufe50\u5982\u6bba\u4eba\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u8cac\u4efb\ufe50\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u9593\u4e2d\u505a\ufe50\u4f46\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u9593\u4e5f\u505a\ufe50\u5982\u6350\u9322\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u6709\u4eba\u90a3\u4e9b\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\ufe50\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5169\u500b\u6aa2\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u9ec3\u91d1\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u5df2\u6240\u4e0d\u6b32\ufe50\u52ff\u65bd\u65bc\u4eba\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u70ba\ufe50\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u505a\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u70ba\ufe50\u9019\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u5c31\u662f\u60e1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ee5\u4eba\u70ba\u672c\ufe50\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f5c\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u7406\u6027\ufe50\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e3b\u4f5c\u51fa\u6c7a\u5b9a\ufe50\u82e5\u679c\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u5de5\u5177\ufe50\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\ufe50\u5426\u5b9a\u4ed6\u5011\u4f5c\u51fa\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u5eb7\u5fb7\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u5927\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\ufe50\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u82e5\u914d\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\ufe50\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de6\u53f3\u662f\u5426\u901a\u904e\u9ec3\u91d1\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\ufe50\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u8ad6\u63a8\u8ad6\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u9055\u53cd\u5e38\u8b58\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\ufe50\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u662f\u6bba\u624b\u6572\u9580\u7684\u5169\u96e3\u984c\u3002\u82e5\u679c\u6709\u500b\u4eba\u88ab\u58de\u4eba\u8ffd\u6bba\u8eb2\u85cf\u5728\u4f60\u5bb6\ufe50\u6bba\u624b\u4f86\u6572\u4f60\u9580\u554f\u4f60\u77e5\u4e0d\u77e5\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u90a3\u88cf\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u6bba\u624b\u8aaa\u8b0a\u662f\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\ufe50\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u4f9b\u51fa\u90a3\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u85cf\u8eab\u5730\u9ede\ufe50\u597d\u8b93\u4ed6\u7d66\u6bba\u624b\u6bba\u5bb3\u3002 \u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6 \u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u5951\u7d04\ufe50\u8b93\u4eba\u985e\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u597d\u3002\u8a66\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6c92\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u65b9\ufe50\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6191\u529b\u91cf\u9577\u4e45\u7d71\u6cbb\ufe50\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u70ba\u6575\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u51fa\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u5929\u6027\ufe50\u5c31\u6703\u8d70\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5546\u8b70\ufe50\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7d04\u675f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5171\u8b58\ufe50\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u5920\u5b89\u5c45\u6a02\u696d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u689d\u7d04\ufe50\u898f\u5b9a\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\u3002 \u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u6709\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\ufe50\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u5730\u9700\u8981\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u4eba\u7c3d\u5b9a\u548c\u7d04\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u529b\u91cf\ufe50\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5269\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u4eba\u70ba\u6240\u6b32\u70ba\u3002\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u6216\u6027\u5225\u6b67\u8996\u662f\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\ufe50\u5728\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u4e2d\ufe50\u53ea\u6709\u80fd\u5920\u5c65\u884c\u9053\u5fb7\u7fa9\u52d9\u8005\ufe50\u624d\u6709\u53c3\u8207\u5951\u7d04\u7684\u8cc7\u683c\ufe50\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u5c0f\u5b69\u6216\u667a\u969c\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6b0a\u3002 \u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u5fb7\u884c\u8ad6 \u5fb7\u884c\u8ad6\u8207\u5148\u524d\u4e09\u5927\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5148\u524d\u4e09\u5927\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\ufe50\u662f\u5957\u5206\u8fa8\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5584\u662f\u60e1\u7684\u6e96\u5247\u3002\u5fb7\u884c\u8ad6\u5247\u628a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5584\u60e1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u3002\u5584\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u597d\u7684\u672c\u8cea\ufe50\u60e1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u51fa\u653e\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u60e1\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u6c7a\u5b9a\u672c\u8cea\u597d\u58de\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\ufe50\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u4e2d\u5eb8\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u5169\u500b\u6975\u7aef\u5c31\u662f\u58de\ufe50\u5728\u6975\u7aef\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u3002\u8209\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\ufe50\u52c7\u6c23\u662f\u597d\u7684\u672c\u8cea\ufe50\u4f46\u592a\u5c11\u52c7\u6c23\u662f\u61e6\u5f31\ufe50\u592a\u591a\u52c7\u6c23\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u52c7\u9b25\u72e0\ufe50\u5169\u500b\u6975\u7aef\u662f\u58de\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u884c\u5584\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f9\u990a\u597d\u7684\u672c\u8cea\ufe50\u597d\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5c31\u662f\u5feb\u6a02\u4e4b\u9053\ufe50\u800c\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5c31\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u5feb\u6a02\u3002 \u5fb7\u884c\u8ad6\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u6c92\u6709\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u53ef\u662f\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u8faf\u5584\u60e1\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u660e\ufe50\u5982\u4f55\u5283\u5206\u597d\u58de\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u754c\u7dda\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6bba\u662f\u6975\u7aef\ufe50\u898b\u4e00\u500b\u6bba\u4e00\u500b\u4e5f\u662f\u6975\u7aef\ufe50\u4e2d\u5eb8\u4e4b\u9053\u8c48\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6bba\u4e00\u534a\u4eba\ufe56","rel":"","context":"In "\u54f2\u5b78"","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/12\/51ys3xyforl_ss500_.jpg?fit=500%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":630,"url":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/2006\/12\/20\/phil300-%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8%e5%85%a5%e9%96%80\/","url_meta":{"origin":992,"position":5},"title":"PHIL300 \u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580","author":"hevangel","date":"December 20, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"\u9019\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u6211\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u4fee\u8b80\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9580\u54f2\u5b78\u8ab2\ufe50\u662fPHIL300\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\u3002\u8b80\u9019\u79d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u7d14\u70ba\u8208\u8da3\ufe50\u4eca\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u6211\u5df2\u7d93\u505a\u5b8c\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u7b49\u7562\u696d\ufe50\u6a6b\u8c4e\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u4ea4\u5b78\u8cbb\u4e0d\u8981\u6d6a\u8cbb\ufe50\u4fbf\u627e\u9580\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8ab2\u4f86\u8b80\u8b80\u3002\u9019\u9580\u8ab2\u662f\u4e09\u5e74\u7d1a\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4ee5\u975e\u54f2\u5b78\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u70ba\u5c0d\u8c61\u958b\u8a2d\ufe50\u82e5\u5df2\u7d93\u8b80\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u7d1a\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\u8ab2\ufe50\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8b80\u9019\u79d1\u53d6\u5b78\u5206\u3002\u96d6\u8aaa\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u5176\u5be6\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\u53ea\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6(epsitemology)\u5165\u9580\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u9078\u7528\u7684\u8ab2\u672c\u548c\u6559\u6388\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u60f3\u601d\ufe50\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u54f2\u5b78\u4e09\u5927\u5206\u652f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5169\u9580\u5206\u652f\u662f\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78(metaphysics)\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u8ad6(value theory) \u8a8d\u77e5\u8ad6\u5c31\u662f\u63a2\u8a0e\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5b78\u554f\ufe50\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u7a76\u7adf\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\ufe50\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u77e5\u8b58\ufe50\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u6a23\u53bb\u5206\u8fa8\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u771f\u5047\ufe50\u53ca\u81f3\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\ufe50\u4ec0\u9ebc\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u5f88\u7121\u804a\u7684\u6771\u897f\ufe50\u4f46\u537b\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u660e\u767d\u548c\u8a8d\u8b58\u6e05\u695a\u4e16\u754c\ufe50\u77e5\u9053\u5f88\u591a\u6211\u5011\u5e73\u6642\u4ee5\u70ba\u5929\u516c\u5730\u7fa9\u7684\u4e8b\ufe50\u80cc\u5f8c\u539f\u4f86\u6b8a\u4e0d\u7c21\u55ae\ufe50\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\ufe50\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u6703\u7d66\u5b58\u5fc3\u6b3a\u9a19\u7684\u4eba\u77c7\u9589\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u9019\u9580\u8ab2\u8b93\u6211\u5927\u958b\u773c\u754c\ufe50\u767c\u73fe\u4ee5\u524d\u807d\u904e\u4e00\u78f7\u534a\u6293\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b78\u8aaa\ufe50\u6bcf\u500b\u4e5f\u6709\u51fa\u8655\u8ddf\u64da\ufe50\u7d55\u975e\u6240\u898b\u822c\u7c21\u55ae\u3002\u4f8b\u5982Matrix\u9019\u5957\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u597d\u50cf\u5f88\u5275\u65b0\ufe50\u767c\u73fe\u539f\u4f86\u53ea\u662f\u6284\u4e8c\u767e\u5e7e\u5e74\u524d\ufe50\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7d93\u9a57\u6d3e\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6Berkeley\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\ufe50\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u5305\u88dd\u91cd\u65b0\u63a8\u51fa\u4f86\u62cd\u6232\u3002 \u9019\u8ab2\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u661f\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u5802\ufe50\u7d39\u4ecb\u4e00\u540d\u6b7b\u9b3c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002\u7531\u555f\u8499\u6642\u4ee3\u7684Descarte\u958b\u59cb\u8aaa\u8d77\ufe50\u5148\u5f8c\u4ecb\u7d39\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\ufe50\u518d\u5230\u628a\u5169\u8005\u6574\u5408\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u4eba\u5eb7\u5fb7(Kant)\ufe50\u9084\u6709\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\ufe50\u518d\u5230\u7d44\u6210\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u7dad\u4e5f\u7d0d\u5708\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u5b78\u6d3e\ufe50\u548c\u5176\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u662f\u6b7b\u6389\u7684\ufe50\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u5802\u4e5f\u6709\u6559\u9084\u5728\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u5c31\u662f\u767c\u660eParadigm Shift\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u7684Thomas Khun\ufe50\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u73fe\u5728\u7d66\u90a3\u4e9b\u5546\u7ba1\u4eba\u7528\u5230\u721b\u7528\u5230\u60b6\ufe50\u6700\u521d\u7684\u672c\u610f\u5176\u5be6\u539f\u4f86\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002 \u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\u8ab2\u5802\u4e26\u4e0d\u6c89\u60b6\ufe50\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u4e00\u540d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5c0d\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u65b0\u5947\u7684\ufe50\u4e5f\u90fd\u523a\u6fc0\u6211\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5\u524d\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u904e\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6559\u6388\u4e0d\u7b97\u662f\u592a\u60b6\ufe50\u4e0d\u904e\u5c31\u6b20\u7f3a\u4e00\u9ede\u4e92\u52d5\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u6027 \ufe50\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u5728\u5167\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u5b78\u751f\u554f\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b1b\u5b8c\u4e00\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u8b1b\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u505c\u6559\u4e0b\u53bb\ufe50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7406\u6211\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u660e\u767d\u3002\u9019\u8ab2\u4e26\u4e0d\u96e3\u8b80\ufe50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u9593\ufe50\u53ef\u80fd\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u6211\u662f\u6c42\u5b78\u4e0d\u662f\u6c42\u5206\u6578\ufe50\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u661f\u671f\u6211\u6eab\u7fd2\u6642\ufe50\u5728\u5496\u5561\u5e97\u7576\u662f\u770b\u8ab2\u5916\u66f8\u5730\u4eab\u53d7\u95b1\u8b80\u3002\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u500b\u661f\u671f\u8981\u770b\u4e94\u5341\u591a\u9801\ufe50\u5927\u6168\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u665a\u4e0a\u5169\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\u5c31\u8db3\u5920\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u79d1\u53ea\u6709\u5169\u4efd\u529f\u8ab2\ufe50\u662f\u5169\u7bc7\u5343\u591a\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\ufe50\u5916\u52a0\u671f\u4e2d\u8003\u548c\u5927\u8003\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u8b80\u7406\u6027\u5beb\u4e0d\u6163\u6587\u79d1\u7684\u6587\ufe50\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u597d\u80af\u5b9a\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u660e\u767d\u8ab2\u6587\u5167\u5bb9\ufe50\u5169\u7bc7\u529f\u8ab2\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u8003\u4e5f\u662f\u53ea\u5f97\u500bC+\ufe50\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u8003\u7684\u5206\u6578\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u9019\u79d1\u662f\u6211\u8b80\u5927\u5b78\u4ee5\u4f86\ufe50\u6210\u7e3e\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u4e00\u79d1\ufe50\u6587\u79d1\u771f\u7684\u6bd4\u7406\u79d1\u96e3\u62ff\u9ad8\u5206\u3002 \u9078\u8b80\u9019\u79d1\u7684\u4eba\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u9b3c\u4ed4\u9b3c\u59b9\ufe50\u4e5f\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u540c\u5b78\u548c\u6211\u4e00\u6a23\u662f\u4e0a\u4e86\u5e74\u7d00\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u4e9e\u6d32\u4eba\u7279\u5225\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\ufe50\u5927\u6168\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u80fd\u8cfa\u9322\ufe50\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u7528\u9014\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u4e0d\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u5728\u4e00\u73ed\u4e09\u5341\u5e7e\u500b\u540c\u5b78\u4e2d\ufe50\u6709\u5e7e\u591a\u500b\u662f\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u800c\u8b80\ufe50\u53c8\u6709\u5e7e\u591a\u500b\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ee5\u70ba\u9019\u79d1\u5bb9\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\u5fc5\u4fee\u9078\u9805\u7684\u5b78\u5206\u800c\u8b80\u5462\ufe56\u5927\u6168\u6574\u500b\u5b78\u671f\u5802\u4e00\u53e5\u8072\u4e5f\u4e0d\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u662f\u5f8c\u8005\ufe50\u6703\u4e00\u908a\u807d\u66f8\u4e00\u908a\u5634\u56bc\u5167\u5bb9\ufe50\u7e3d\u6703\u627e\u6a5f\u6703\u53bb\u554f\u6559\u6388\u554f\u984c\ufe50\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ee5\u554f\u5230\u4ed6\u7b54\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86\u70ba\u6a02\u5247\u662f\u524d\u8005\u3002\u6211\u8b80\u9019\u4e00\u79d1\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\ufe50\u76f8\u4fe1\u5c0d\u4e0b\u5b78\u671f\u6211\u958b\u59cb\u517c\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u6587\u6191\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6703\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u77e5\u9053\ufe50\u8981\u5408\u683c\u4e0d\u96e3\u4f46\u4ee5\u9ad8\u4efd\u5f88\u96e3\ufe50\u6700\u7dca\u8981\u662f\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u6703\u559c\u6b61\u8b80\u54f2\u5b78\u3002","rel":"","context":"In "\u54f2\u5b78"","block_context":{"text":"\u54f2\u5b78","link":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/category\/_philosophy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/545.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=992"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9986,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/992\/revisions\/9986"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.horace.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}