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  • Challenging Misconceptions About Verification Languages

    Looks like Cadence is finally on offensive and pushing Specman strongly over SystemVerilog. As a long time user of Specman, I would like to see Specman wins the HVL war at the end which will make my skill and experience more valuable.

    By [...]


  • Printing body parts

    Printing body part using 3D bio-printer sounds like sci-fi coming to reality. It can print tissues now, but sooner or later, they can print a whole limb with bones and tissue. Maybe we can even print a complete human and use the 3D [...]


  • Worker strife dogs tech firms in France

    Having so many labor problems, no wonder multinational companies are leaving France on the first sight of trouble. Wipro is an Indian company, the only reason buying overseas hi-tech firm is to learn their technology. After they learn [...]


  • Scientists Solve Mystery of Superinsulators

    Superinsulator is a Nobel prize worthy discovery. Remember these two names, Vinokur and Baturina, they will definitely get a Nobel prize if superinsulator turns out to be real just like superconductor.

    by Saswato R. Das, IEEE Spectrum, [...]


  • Researchers say eye strain a concern as 3-D TVs debut

    I don’t buy into the hype of 3D TV or 3D movies. 3D TV is just a fad that comes and goes. It happens before and history will repeat itself. Forget about the lame 3D TV. Holographic TV is the real holy grail of next generation TV [...]


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基督教思想史第一部 – 第五章﹕慈運理的神學

除了德國的馬丁路德外﹐瑞士的慈運理(Huldreich Zwingli)是宗教改革另一大神學家。他的神學有一部份源於路德神學﹐但另一部份有別於路德神學﹐把基督教與人文主義結合。

慈運理認為聖經是神的訓示﹐聖靈一般通過聖經工作﹐但聖靈也可以直接在非教徒身上工作﹐所以他不如路德般受到經文主義制肘。慈運理認為信仰就是在精神上健康﹐信仰對於靈魂如同健康對於身體一般重要。他認為神是宇宙萬物的始動者﹐神主要透過自然定律工作。他某程度上是理性預定論者﹐相反路德則認為神是超越理性﹐不受任何法則限制。

慈運理認為神的律法不會判定人的犯罪﹐只是說明我們如何犯了罪﹐神的律法是先驗性的自然法﹐與康德提出的哲學不謀而合。他認為福音就是神的律法﹐而世俗政府的法律﹐也應該建立在福音的基礎上。慈運理否定聖事的神聖性﹐他認為聖事只具紀念性質的儀式﹐聖靈在聖事之外工作。他同樣否定聖體﹐聖體只是代表耶穌的身體﹐並不是耶穌的身體臨在聖體中。聖餐只是一個紀念活動﹐而非教徒與耶穌同在一起。

慈運理這章很短﹐田立克大部份時間也是比較他的神學與路德神學的分別。慈運理的神學很理性很易明﹐面向工業化中產階級社會﹐反觀路德神學還帶有很重農業社會的影子。他的神學奉行簡約主義﹐很多中世紀流傳下來的神學也給他一刀切掉。在理性上我找不到反對慈運理的理由﹐不過我認為符號化聖事太過冰冷﹐太過機械化﹐缺乏原本神秘主義色彩的吸引力。慈運理的思想是很好神學基礎核心﹐但對平教徒未免缺乏感染力。傳道時可能有點乾澀﹐我不反對加上適量的包裝﹐為理性披上宗教氣氛的外衣﹐好吸引教徒參與教會。

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