Be careful what you ask for

This is the second speech in the Toastmaster humorously speaking manual, leave them with a smile. The objective of this project is to prepare a serious speech that opens and closes with humorous stories and the closing story should reemphasizes the speech’s main point.

Dear Mr. chairman, fellow toastmasters, honored guest. Last year I spent almost 3 months living in India for my project. When I am in Bangalore, the company put us in a service apartment with maids come to do cleaning everyday. Just like any places in developing countries, our apartment have cockroaches problem. Everyday after work, we have to hunt down the cockroaches, kill them brutally with shoes or flash lights. One day we are tried of being crude to the cockroaches, so we took out a Ziploc contain to catch a cockroach. We don’t know what to do with the cockroach we caught, obviously we can’t keep it as a house pet. Next morning, we leave the container on the table and told the maid to get rid of cockroach. When we come home that day, the cockroach is gone, but to our surprise we found the Ziploc box went back to the cupboard with all other clean dishes.

PMC Sierra is a global company. We have design centers around the world. Effective communication among the team members across different sites is one of our daily challenge. Many of us are working on projects with team members in different countries with a different cultural background. Culture affect how people think and affect how people act. Aware the cultural difference can minimize misunderstanding in our communication.

Most of us grow up in Canada, we assume a North America cultural perspective. Sometimes we are not aware of the cultural difference when we talk to people in other countries. We take it for granted that our listeners can understood our message in the way that we expect. We are not aware of a subtle difference in the language we use can have a totally different meaning to a person coming from a different culture background. Be careful what you ask for. You will get exactly what you asked, but not really want you want.

Developing the culture sense is not an easy task. It takes time and experience to learn how to work smoothly with people in different culture. I would like to share a tip on better communication across difference culture. Here is the rule of thumb. When you in doubt, always ask for confirmation. Don’t just ask a yes or no question. Often you will get a yes, even though your listen has no clue what you are talking about. Ask your listen repeat your message in his own words. You can sense whether he gets it or not. If he fails to get it, you just rephrase your message with different expression. After a few trials, your listener should grasp the meaning of your message.

I would like to conclude my speech with another story. The Bangalore office has a cafeteria, just like our cafeteria down stairs, its menu does not many choices. To make it worse, it only serves Indian food. Everyday, I can choose to have red curry, orange curry or yellow curry for lunch. After a few weeks of having curry for lunch. I am sick of the lack of variety. I asked the kitchen staff, do they have a different menu. The kitchen staff said he can bring in some sandwich for me tomorrow. I gladly take the offer and order a chicken sandwich. The next day, when I go to lunch in the cafeteria, the kitchen staff has a brown paper lunch bag ready for me. I am eager to try something else other than curry for lunch. I open my lunch bag and inside I found … a curry chicken sandwich.

Languages

Top 10 langauges

I just read a report on the World’s 10 most influential languages. I found the statistic quite interesting and I would like to share some of my observation. The report is created by George Weber. It is one of the most cited paper in linguistic or cultural journals. The paper ranked the influence of languages base on the following criteria:

1. Number of primary speakers
2. Number of secondary speakers
3. Number and population of countries using the language
4. Number of major areas of human acitivity in which the language is important
5. Economic power of countries using the language
6. Socio-literary prestige of the language

To no one’s surprise, English is the world’s most influential language. It is very likely that English will become THE international language as the lingua francas, the mean of communication between people speaking different languages. Most people learn English as their default second language. I am surprise that number of second language speakers of French is even higher than English. French was the de facto language in Europe in the past few centuries, although it has lost most of its glory. The two major advantages of English are its official language status in many countries and the economy power of English-speaking countries. To my surprise, even though US and England are two most prominent English speaking countries, they do not have an official language.

Chinese ranked number 6, but its future is quite worrying. Chinese is the mother tongue for most people among all the languages, but it is not influential outside its own people. It seems the Chinese speaker don’t really care about spreading the influence of Chinese. Foreigners come to China are not expected to know Chinese, we are happily talking to them in English. Although we appreciate foreigners make effort to learn the language, but not really appreciate when they succeed. We are so proud of speaking a language so complex that others could not master.

There are three truly international languages: English, French and Arabic. Both of the former two have Latin roots, so they close to each other in the linguistic family tree. My bet is that English will replace French over time in term of influence. French will become a regional language like Russian or Spanish. Arabic has a different linguistic eco-system that is totally independent of the West. Its spread and use is mostly base on Muslim and the study of Koran. Here is my prediction for World languages usage in 22nd century. Most of the minority language, especially those without any official status, will mostly disappear. Major languages with sufficient population will remain prosper within the host country or even become dominant in regional level. English and Arabic would be the remaining two languages compete on the global level with English has a substantial lead. The clash of civilization will be between the English-world, including all the countries happily embrace learning English, and the Arabic-world that refuse globalization fueled with Muslim’s anit-Western mentality.

Weekend overtime

Weekend overtime only means one thing, the incompetent of the management. This weekend I have to work overtime. It is not just checking emails or dealing with unexpected emergencies. I was asked to come into the office and work like a work day. A block in the project is really late, so I am parachuted to help out in the crunch time. When I was in the office, our VP came by and check who is working overtime. He even ask how come the guy sit next to me is not in today! Gee, didn’t he realize it’s a weekend. He sounds like I should work overtime because the project is late. I bet it never come across his mind that the project late because he made some bad decision 6 months ago.

The block I am working on is a very complicate block and it is understaffed since the beginning. The management only assign two engineers working on it, and ignore their screaming for help since day one. Two months before the project deadline, they suddenly wake up and realize the block is on critical path. So they pile 13 people to work on the block. A task requires 1 man working 2 months won’t get done with 8 men in 1 week. It takes 9 months for a woman to give birth to a baby, 9 women won’t give birth to a baby in 1 month. It seems the management never learn important the lessons of mythical man months and the employees have to pay for their mistake by working work time.

基督教思想史第二部 – 第五章:調解的新方式 (上)

十九世紀後期綜合神學崩潰﹐扭曲神學的基本要素﹐令神學陷入虛無主義的危機。傳統神學無力要對歷史批判和哲學批判﹐任何神學思想也受到質疑。於是神學家嘗試找出調解的新方法﹐回答如何能夠肯定基督教思想的問題。

經驗與聖經信息
德國的Erlangen學派認為應以宗教經驗主導。客觀的真相可以受到質疑﹐但經驗能夠超越主觀和客觀的分野。人能夠憑藉遇上神的經驗﹐去確認神在內心處的存在。新舊約事件的歷史真確性﹐可以用其對我的影響來保證。基督教沒有教宗和教庭的權威﹐所以要尋找神學根據的問題。可是天主教也同樣有神學根據的問題﹐天主教也要通過聖靈的經驗﹐來肯定教會的權威。我們不能用歷史去回答耶穌的問題﹐因為歷史沒有百份百的答案﹐或多或少也留有懷疑的空間。可是若我們說發生在自身的改變時﹐我們就是在說宗教經驗。

神學家Martin Kahler認為主觀的宗教經驗還不足夠﹐還要配合客觀上聖經的見證。換一句話說﹐就是我們要接受人非無限性﹐人不可能對宗教有絕對的肯定。他認為人的罪不單是道德上的罪﹐還是智慧上的罪﹐因此疑懷神並不會使我們與神分離。他認為人不能通過歷史﹐只能通過信心﹐去找尋真實的耶穌。人對耶穌的信心﹐是獨立放新約本身的歷史可信性之外。

「回到康德去」運動
Ritschlian學派主張重返康德的神學﹐因為康德的先驗性道德準則﹐能夠讓人超越有限性。這神學反對任何形式的神秘主義﹐包括上一段說的經驗神學﹐把信心建立在歷史的真實性之上﹐他認為宗教是喚醒人的道德。基督教的功用就是道德可能性﹐而聖神只可以從道德中浮現出來。這神學從本體論的爭議中撒退﹐退到道德哲學﹐救贖的功用是精神對自然的勝利。 在這神學否定神的力量﹐把神的慨念簡約為愛﹐救贖簡化為寬恕﹐刪減審判和神的憤怒在現實的虔誠。這學一脈相承啟蒙主義﹐康德哲學和整過人文精神的傳統。

基督教思想史第二部 – 第四章﹕普遍綜合的崩潰(下)

唯意志論和生命哲學

唯意志論是推倒黑格爾綜合系統的最後一個神學思潮。人並不是物質﹐也不是人格﹐而是意志。唯意志論最初源於聖奧古斯定的哲學﹐他認為真實就是意志﹐而意志就是愛。神的愛就是對自我意志的肯定。中世紀方濟各會的神學傳統﹐承接聖奧古斯定和柏拉圖的思想﹐為認意志先於智慧。與之相對的是道明會的神學傳統﹐承接聖多瑪仕和亞里士多德的思想﹐認為智慧先於意志。自康德(Kant)以來的神學思潮﹐均是智慧派佔上風。中世紀神學家Scotus認為神是純意志的存在﹐但在Ockham的神學則變成不理性的意志。若果神是純意志的話﹐祂可以做任何他想做的事情﹐那他就沒有各羅思(Logos)的限制。世界則變成全無規則可尋﹐人類不可能對神有任何期望﹐神甚至可以把善惡倒轉﹐把殺人變成善愛人變成是惡。

叔本華(Schopenhauer)的唯意志論很悲觀主義﹐他是把佛教思想帶進西方哲學的第一人。他認意志就是無我﹐人的意志就是要讓人達到不再有意志無欲無救的境界﹐他認為死亡是人的最終救贖。他的學生尼釆(Nietzsche)的唯意志論則是樂觀主義﹐他用生命來表達意志的意思。意志並不是心理現像﹐而是一個普世的生命動力。尼釆認為力量就是自我肯定﹐意志的力量就是肯定生命﹐肯定自我的存在。尼釆認為基督教的公義﹐羅各斯﹐愛等慨念﹐是源於眾群對權力階級的反抗。他認為愛這個慨念很有問題﹐現代語言把古希臘四種不同的愛混淆了。他認為基督教的愛﹐簡約化為仁愛的愛﹐而忽略了對生命的愛。他認為無私自我犧牲的愛﹐令弱小的人投降自我尋求保護﹐是一種剝削別人的愛﹐。

尼釆的名言是上帝已死﹐但不是無神論者或自然主義對有神論的批論。他是指若果神的慨念被推翻的必然結果﹐是社會構建的道德傳統也會同時間被推翻。神的死亡是一個象徵說法﹐其實是若人不再信神﹐就有一定要有人去取代神去傳統價值。人類不再有神或客觀真理﹐不再說應該要做或不應該做的事情﹐取而代之是說想做什麼事情﹐想行善還是行惡。尼釆的超人論受達爾文進化論的影響﹐他認為人類會在教育﹐靈性﹐道德﹐甚至生理上﹐會從低等一路進化到高等。他認為民眾害怕與眾不同﹐對人生意義毫不關心﹐沉悶﹐犬儒空虛﹐他認為我們社會充斥著虛無主義。他認為永生是無限的循環。