印度遊記(五) – 課本不會說的印度文化

India Holy Elepant

若果想了解一個地方的文化﹐最好的方法就是在當地生活一段日子。雖然我對印度文化毫無興趣﹐畢竟在印度生活了兩個多月﹐耳渲目染之下也學習了不少印度文化。了解文化最佳的方法就是與當地人交談﹐每天吃飯或喝下午茶偷懶時﹐通常都是與印度同事談天說地﹐從他們身上我學懂了課本上沒有教的印度文化。

說起印度的歷史偉人﹐大部份人都會認識聖雄甘地。他當年發動和平絕食抗爭﹐結束了英國的殖民統治﹐被尊稱為印度國父。在西方的主流論述中﹐他的地位超然﹐恍忽是頭帶光環的和平使者。荷里活還為他拍了齣甘地傳﹐還奪取了多項奧斯卡獎項。在印度人心目中﹐甘地的評價卻有很大分歧。我的印度同事認為甘地﹐是個不折不扣的機會主義者﹐印度立國主要靠革命黨辛辛苦苦打出﹐甘地只是在臨門前跑出來領功。陰謀論更說他頭頂的光環﹐是西方刻意為他加上去﹐好為其他殖民地樹立榜樣。誰人也知道和平主義搞獨立是無牙老虎﹐正好乎合西方的利益。甘地大力鼓吹的國家主義﹐令印度獨立後施行鎖國政策﹐弄到民不聊生經濟一團糟﹐到近年改革開放人民生活才有改善。甘地最大的罪行﹐原來竟然是分裂國家。原本在英國統治下﹐印度與巴基斯坦是同一個國家。當年分裂為兩個國家﹐表面上是宗教理由﹐ 印度以印度教立國﹐巴基斯坦則是回教立國。背後的真正原因是甘地為安撫國內兩大派系﹐變出兩個國家﹐讓雙方領袖也有機會當總統。

很多人以為印度人信印度教﹐特別是獨立初期大鑼大鼓地與巴基斯坦分裂。事實是印度教只佔六成多人口﹐有三成回教徒﹐餘下的一成是佛教天主教徒和基督教。當年分裂可說是亳無意義﹐印度還殘留大量回教徒﹐宗教關係依然表面平靜內裏緊張。天主基督教徒多數集中在印度南方﹐宗教信仰受數百年的殖民統治薰茶。在班加羅也有不少教堂﹐星期天彌撒和崇拜也座無虛席。依我所見信耶穌的印度人﹐大多是中產或以上層階﹐可能那始終是數百年來精英階層的主要信仰。在公司中與我最談得來的同事也是信天主教﹐除了他的英文有印度口音外﹐他的價值觀和對事物的看法﹐基本上與我們沒有大分別。

印度教是印度傳統宗教﹐大慨與中國的民間迷信一樣﹐並沒有具體的神學系統。信眾多屬低下階層﹐去廟寺拜神像祈福﹐是個很功利的信仰。年青一代對印度教的態度﹐大慨也與中國差不多。入廟拜神是傳統文化的一部份﹐不會深入思考什麼宗教意義﹐反正獲得神的祝福也不是壞事。原來印度教不會傳教﹐甚至連轉會入教也不許﹐印度教徒的身份是與生俱來。於是我問同事一個有關印度教延續性問題﹐若印度教不會招收教徒﹐每年有一個巴仙的教徒離教轉信其他宗教﹐一百年後印度教豈不會絕種。他們想了好一回也想不出答案﹐不過他們說印度教勵鼓生育﹐一個家庭有十個八個小孩﹐所以整體上印度教徒還是有增長。可是隨著經濟增長﹐生育率下降﹐受西方教育的新一代抗拒迷信﹐印度教也會面對中國民間信仰如何延繼香火問題。

回教徒雖然只佔三成人口﹐但是在街上很容易把他們認出來﹐因為女人會由頭包到腳只露出雙眼。印度天氣炎熱﹐回教女人也包得密不透風﹐也不知衛不衛生會不會生熱痱。回教徒也多是低下階層﹐很多是從印度教的賤民階層轉過來﹐不過擺脫賤民身分卻擺脫不了貧窮﹐特別是加入一個無厘頭規舉特別多﹐妨礙經濟正常發展的宗教。表面上印度是個宗教多元化的國家﹐但回教徒卻自成一群不肯融入社會主流。我與信印度教和信基督教的同事﹐分別談論宗教問題﹐基本上基督教與印度教大至互相尊重和平相處﹐但回教徒卻時常想著要把印度回教化。他們在讀書時也有些回教徒朋友﹐原本思想頗為正常也會吃喝玩樂。不過不知何解後來沉迷回教後﹐思想變得偏極端連音樂也不聽。回教為世界四大宗教之一﹐我多年來思考回教是否邪惡的問題﹐在印度終於給我找到答案。我宿舍附近很不幸有間回教廟﹐每天清晨五點也有祈禱會。回教徒每天五點起身祈禱是他們的自由﹐在外人看來最多是白痴﹐算不上是邪惡。可是回教廟的祈禱會開大擴音器﹐將他們的祈禱聲向街外大放送。結果我每天五點也給回教祈禱聲嘈醒。任何每天五點擾人清夢的人﹐必定是魔鬼派來的邪惡使者﹐ 所以回教的本質肯定是邪惡無疑。若果我有帶我的散彈槍去印度﹐一定會替天行道﹐打爆那個邪惡煩人的擴音器。這不只是那間回教廟的個別問題﹐而是所有回教廟也有的共同問題。我的印度同事也很討厭回教廟﹐可惜印度沒有嘈音管制法例﹐投設無門只好每天認受那些邪惡的嘈音。他們更說那是回教徒的陰謀﹐用祈禱聲嘈到其他人搬走﹐他們就可以霸佔回教廟附近的土地。

新聞中常聽說印度的族姓階級問題很嚴重﹐在印度生活卻沒感受到這方面的問題。問起同事﹐族姓問題多數發生在鄉村﹐在城市則是只問材能不問出身的商業社會。在鄉村地方人口少﹐每個人也知道其他人的家族歷史。大城市的人口從外地移居過來﹐只要花點錢改了身份証上的姓氏﹐就可以晉身高等階級﹐族姓分歧變得完全沒有意義。不過有些人則反行其道﹐讓自己擁有低下階級的姓氏。這是因為當低下階級著數多﹐不單大學有預留學額﹐畢業後入政府工作也特別易容。族姓制度在印度大慨已日漸式微﹐老一代父母還會介意兒女的結婚對像不是來自同階級外﹐新一代已完全不理會族姓的分別﹐比較關心實際的財富和地位。

印度現在還是很流行盲婚啞嫁﹐我同事的婚事絕大部份也是由父母作主﹐自由戀愛是背經離道的行為。雖說是盲婚啞嫁﹐未婚前還是有相親階段﹐兩小口子可以拍拖幾個月﹐若果真的夾不來可以拒絕結婚。受西方教育長大的人﹐可能會覺得盲婚啞嫁沒有自由蠻不講理 ﹐但印度離婚率比西方低很多﹐我的同事夫妻恩愛有兒有女﹐從結果來看又好像沒有什麼不好。我與印度同事研究過這個問題﹐盲婚啞嫁其實對我們工程師有著數。工程師死板板毫不浪羅﹐追求異性多數出師不利。不過工程師生活安定人工不錯﹐又不擅應酬不會外出花天酒地﹐是父母眼中的理想女婿。在供求定律下﹐選擇多自然比較容易娶到靚老婆﹐怪不得我同事的老婆個個都是印度西施。順帶一題﹐在印度的外資工司當工程師﹐不只是普通的中產階級﹐而是非常有錢的上等階級。我同事的人工是一般印度人收入的十幾二十倍﹐可以住大屋請兩個工人服待﹐怪不得他們都不願出國工作。雖然在外國工作在銀碼上收入多幾倍﹐但印度生活指數低﹐人工比起在外國好用很多。

Lesbian bridesmaid

The wedding I went yesterday is pretty normal, except there was a lesbian bridesmaid. How do I know she is lesbian? It’s quite obviously. All the bridesmaids dressed in nice green dresses that match the theme of the wedding and this lesbian bridesmaid dressed in a green shirt and pants. Her tom boy look really stands out in the photo among other pretty girls, basically ruined the harmony looking bridesmaid picture. I had dinner with some friends attended the wedding today and we were all wondering what is she doing there.

Our group of friends then started the discussion on whether lesbian is allowed to be a bridesmaid. On one hand, lesbian are female, so she is technically qualified for a bridesmaid. On the other hand, lesbian does not look like female, so it doesn’t seem right to have a guy looking “thing” among the bridesmaids. If you think having a tom boy dressing in shirts and pants is OK to be a bridesmaid. How about a gay guy dressing in a skirt being a groomsman? In the end, we all concluded that having lesbian bridesmaid is OK, as long as she dress like other bridesmaids. I think even a tom boy could look decent if she put on some make up and a nice dress. If she doesn’t want to wear the girl dress, maybe she should consider being a groomsman instead!

Andy’s wedding

Tonight I went to my best friend, Andy’s wedding. I flew all the way from Vancouver back to Toronto, staying a weekend just to attend this wedding. This wedding is quite special to me, because I was the match maker. I introduced Winnie to Andy many years ago. I have done many match making and it is the only one that has a happy ending. In Andy and Winnie’s wedding website, each of them have wrote an entry on how they met. The two version is not exactly the same, yet I think I am one of the few who know the real version. I guess everyone tends to modify their own memory to only remember a better version of the reality.

It’s funny to see my college grad ball date again tonight. When I was in the forth year, I was single, so does a few of my friends. Winnie was so kind that she ask some of her friends to be our dates, so that we don’t have to go to the grad ball alone. My grad ball date was the maid of honor of Winnie. I didn’t keep in touch with her after graduation, so I am quite surprise to see her.

Flying Red Eye

I forgot when is the last time I flew red eye.  Flying red eye is a big time saver.  You don’t lose any day sitting in the plane, instead you try your to sleep during transit.  Normally, I can sleep well during flight, so I don’t have much trouble flying red eye.  The only concern is I couldn’t brush my teeth and take a shower before going to bed.  That makes me uncomfortable.  In fact there are not many routes has red eye flight, YVR to YYZ is one of them.

I haven’t visit home for a few years.  Too bad that I only stay in town for 3 days to attend my good buddy’s wedding.  Since I will see most of my university friends in the wedding, there is really no reason for me to stay long.  Plus other than taking some rest at home, there isn’t anything interesting to do in Toronto.  It’s odd that I feel so disconnected from the city I went to school.  Mm…  I lived in Toronto for 7 years and I stayed in Vancouver for 8 years.  No wonder I feel more attached to Vancouver than to Toronto.

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Nietzsche

Nietzsche has displaced Peter Singer as my most hated philosopher. This term I am taking existentialism, so I have to study the work of Friedrich Nietzsche, who is one of the four most influential philosophers in existentialism. Nietzsche’s philosophy ten times worse than Peter Singer. Although both of them are nuts and their thoughts does not make any sense, at least Peter Singer’s argument is well constructed and easy to follow. The work of Nietzsche is very unorganized, his writing style deliberately confuse his readers. His books do not look like normal philosophy titles, it is more like random scribble from a mad man. Oh! By the way, Nietzsche has mental problem in his final years.

My professor is trying her best to teach Nietzsche’s philosophy in a structural manner, but I think his thoughts is too a big mess to study. Most of his philosophy come from his rebellion against Christianity. Too bad he learn Christianity from his father who was a Lutheran priest. So Nietzsche has some very deep misunderstanding about Christianity. Looks like his own philosophy is just attacking a straw man of Christianity. If Nietzsche had learn the real Christianity, he would have no to rebel against Christianity and probably happy with the theology explanations. If that was the case, my course would be a lot easier, as I don’t have to struggle in understanding his books.

It seems many so-call great philosophers have bad philosophy simply because they misunderstood some very fundamental concepts.  Nietzsche’s philosophy is totally non-sense because he get Christianity wrong.  Peter Singer’s philosophy is pure BS because he got the idea of happiness and suffering wrong.  Marx’s political philosophy turn into the biggest failure in social experiment of human history because he got some very basic idea of economics wrong,