iPhone hack

A 17 years old kid hacked the iPhone, making phone call using networks other than AT&T is already old news. There is also an alternative hack fooling the iPhone using a turbo SIM that pretends to be a AT&T SIM card. I have quite some friends at work who bought the iPhone readily tried the hacks and eagerly showing off their fully functional iPhone.  As an engineer, I am genuiely interested in the technical details of hacks, but I am more interest in responding to an comment from a friend who condemns the hacks.

She is complaining all the hacking deprive the profit of AT&T and hacking in general cause the lack of investment in R&D because company cannot turn a profit. I have to disagree with her argument. AT&T is making a wrong and stupid business decision for locking up the iPhone.  It is our consumer right to tinker with whatever product we purchase by making it a better product that suits us better. If the company put in anti-user features that alienate the customers by making the product hard to use, we have every right to remove those unwanted features ourselves.  The invisible hand will punish those who act against the force of the free market.  The only way to make a profit is by giving the consumers what they want, not stupidly going against the consumers’ will.

In terms of business ethics, the consumers should only be responsible to pay for whatever they wish to buy. It is unjust to exploit the consumers by bundling sub-standard product with a high demand product.  The consumer should be given the option of not buying things they don’t need or wanted.  Everyone knows AT&T has the worse cellular network in US. If AT&T wants to gain more market share, it should provide a better service, instead of holding iPhone users as hostages.

基督教思想史第一部 – 第二章﹕基督論問題

基督論的問題是三一爭議的延繼﹐雖然三位一體解決了東西教會分裂的問題﹐但沒有回答原先要解決的問題。若果聖子與聖父同質不同位格﹐那聖子耶穌到底是什麼呢﹖耶穌如何可以是神﹐亦同時間也是人呢﹖對於這個問題﹐當時的意見主要分為兩大陣營﹐一說法是聖父收養耶穌﹐而另一說法則是聖父化身成為耶穌。尼西信經中聖父聖子同聖同體﹐可以按不同詮譯得出這兩個不同的答案。於是早期教會再一次掀起新的爭議﹐代表雙方陣營分便是亞歷山大教會和得到羅馬教會支持的Antioch教會。

亞歷山大教會認為只有耶穌的神性完全吞食人性﹐人類的救贖才有可能實現﹐這稱為基督一性論(Monophysitism)﹐當時也很多知識較低的平信徒支持這個說法。Antioch教會則持相反意見﹐認為應該從歷史性去認識耶穌﹐保留耶穌人性的一面﹐並得到羅馬教會的支持。耶穌人神二性卻引申一些問題﹐人神二性必須有一個開始﹐而這個開始就在瑪利亞的子宮裏﹐ 於是推論出瑪利亞是神母親這個理所當然的結論。同樣耶穌為世人受難是史實﹐但神不可受到任何苦難﹐於是推論出只有耶穌的人性受苦的結論。由於耶穌的人神二性有把瑪利亞升格為女神的危險﹐而當時只有異教徒有對女神的崇拜﹐加上大部份信徒不能接受耶穌是人﹐於是亞歷山大教會與Antioch教會爭持不下。要到公元四五一年﹐教會召開Chalcedon會議才解決這個紛歧。

在Chalcedon會議中﹐教宗Leo I頒報一系列的內容帶有悖論性的教義﹐確定耶穌擁有完全的人性和完全的神性。決議的內容富有詩意文學色彩﹐對於澄清哲學上的爭議沒有多大幫助﹐反而產生不同版本詮譯的問題。東方教會對這個決議十分失望﹐在中東和埃及等地死硬支持基督一性論的教會與西方教會決裂﹐種下了日後當地人民變節改信奉回教的伏線。羅馬皇帝為阻止東西教會分裂﹐他採用了Leontius of Byzantium的拆衷解決辨法﹐在人性和神性上加上質(hypostatis)。耶穌擁有一質二性﹐分別有兩個自由意志﹐解決了人性神性同時存在的問題。

聖子的爭論暫時解決了﹐ 接下來論到應如何理解聖父的問題。在這個問題上倒沒有太大的爭論﹐自Dionysius在公元五百年提出有關神的論述以來﹐東西教會一直源用至今。他把新柏拉圖主義與基督教結合﹐將希臘神話中的諸神符號化﹐不以歷史性的方法去解讀﹐讓真理透過古希臘的智慧表達出來。他認為有兩認識神的方法﹐先把正面的意義歸納為神的屬性﹐再從反面否定人類的言語足夠去完全理解神。他的神學觀充滿階級性﹐從最高處的神往下走﹐一級級到最低層的罪人﹐而人類的救贖就是由下而上的旅程。他的神學亦同時帶有神秘色彩﹐教會的所有事物也是指向神的象徵﹐對日後東正教和拜占庭文化有很大的影響。

同時期還有兩位重要的神學家。Tertullian除了發明三位一體的方程式外﹐他還有幾項重要的神學思想。其中一項是原罪的教義﹐並把原罪與性扯上關係﹐間接促成教會千多年來的保守性觀念。另一項是天主教的聖靈實體化的觀念﹐聖靈可以通過聖事注入聖體和聖水內﹐再由人的口中進入靈魂內。另一個神學家Cyprian同樣也幾項重要的神學思想﹐成為中世紀天主教神學的雛型。第一項是異端教會和分裂教會領洗是否有效的問題﹐領洗的效力並非決定於施洗的人﹐而是客觀地從聖靈而來。第二項是宣稱教會之內沒有教恩﹐將教會從聖人組成的團體﹐轉變為發放教恩的機構。第三項是正統教會的宗徒承傳性﹐與合一的普世教會﹐聖彼得的教宗地位。第四項神職人員的獻祭功用﹐後來發展成為天主教的彌撒。

田立克在書中指出﹐在公元五世紀時的早期教會的神學﹐比較接近現今天主教的神學。基督教常說他們回歸早期教會的信仰﹐很顯是與事實不乎的說法。在這個時期的東西教會﹐已經出現信仰重點上的分歧。東方教會著重生死真假對錯的問題﹐西方教會則著重罪和救贖的問題。東方教會著重耶穌的榮耀﹐西方教會則著重耶穌的謙卑。西方教會著重人與神之間的規律﹐而這個如何解釋這個規律成為羅馬教宗權威的來源。

Organic farm tour

Today was the old boys annual summer picnic. The president is owner of an organic farm and he let us use his place farm for BBQ. After the BBQ, we had a tour inside the farm. Modern farming is a capital intensive business with lots of agricultural technology. The organic farm is a 10 acres of green house, growing two hundred thousand plants with about 30 vegetable on each plant. That worths more than $1 million of vegetable in retail value. The temperature and water is computer controlled. The farm grows only organic pepper, cucumber and tomato, since organic food can sell at a premium.

I always thought growing organic food must be very dirty, but I was totally wrong. The farm use organic fertilizers that looks just like normal fertilizer, except it is made by organic materials. Since the vegetables are growing indoor, there is less pest hazard. The farm use organic means for pest control, having some good insects that hunt pests and growing plants that drive away pests. The farm buy bees in carton boxes for pollinating the plants. Harvest is labor intensive, although there are rail system inside the green house to help transporting the vegetable. During the tour, the owner pick some fresh pepper off from the plant to give us a try. Since the vegetable is pure organic with no harmful chemical, we can eat the pepper picked right off the plant. It tastes very good. This tour totally change my perception on farmers and found new respects to them. I always think farming is so boring and so out of fashion. In reality, farming is an engineering challenge to grow enough food to feed everyone.

10 acres of green house

  Rows of vegetables under the glass roof

Newly planted

Rail trolley for harvest

Big red pepper

Hot air balloon crash

Yesterday, there was a horrible hot air balloon accident in Vancouver. The balloon catch fire after take off, burst into flames and dropped 8 meter to the ground. A propane tank was heated shot up in the sky and exploded, torched several motor homes nearby the crash site. The accident has 11 injuries and 2 death. The most scary thing about this accident is I just had a ride on that balloon last month! Hot air balloon ride could be very dangerous after all. So I am taking back my early words and won’t recommend anyone to ride a hot air balloon for obvious safety reason.  Go here to see my hot air balloon ride photos.

balloon crash

balloon on fire

Optometrist

There are some cost you cannot avoid, going to optometrist is one of those.  I wanted to get a pair of new glasses.  Not because I can’t see clearly with my old glasses, but rather want to get a new look.  I thought my original sight prescription is still OK, so I didn’t bother to visit an optometrist before buying glasses.  When I pick my glasses, I let the shop did sight test for my new glasses. When I pick up the new glasses, I find my vision of my left eye is kinda funny, like looking through magnify glasses.  I have the shop change the lens but the sight is equally bad.  The sales said I have a lazy eye, but that doesn’t sound right to me, I am fine with my old glasses.  So I figure it is time to seek professional help from an optometrist and do a full eye exam.  It turn out the result of the sight test is away off.  My eyes are quite health, but the left lens is +1.0 more than it should be.  That’s why I am seeing funny vision and thought something is wrong with my left eye.  The moral of this story: 1. Never trust any sales person. 2.  You can’t cheap out all the time.  If the money is ought to spend, then you have to spend the money.